太阳辐射吸收系数对建筑物全年空调能耗的影响
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摘要
以上海地区的建筑围护结构传热过程为研究背景,在分析太阳辐射作用下围护结构热平衡关系的基础上,采用数值模拟方法,讨论了太阳辐射吸收系数对4种不同朝向围护结构冬季和夏季外表面温度和太阳辐射全天净得热量的影响.结果表明:减小屋顶、东墙和西墙的太阳辐射吸收系数有利于降低建筑夏季供冷能耗,提高南墙外表面吸收系数能明显降低冬季供暖能耗;南墙采用吸收系数较高的粉刷材料将有利于降低供热供冷总能耗和外饰面造价,除南墙外其他朝向外表面应选用吸收系数较低的反射隔热涂料,且其经济性与建筑高度和窗墙比有关.
Based on energy balance of building exterior surfaces with different solar absorption coefficients,the heat transfer processes of building envelopes in the Shanghai area are studied by numerical simulations.The time series of the temperature of building exterior surfaces with four different orientations and the daily net heat gain due to solar radiation of the building envelopes are analyzed on winter and summer solstices by using the simulation data.The results show that the reducing of solar radiation absorption coefficients of the roof,eastern and western exterior surfaces are beneficial to conserve the summer cooling energy consumption.In contrast,the absorption coefficients of the exterior surface of southern wall can obviously reduce energy consumption in winter.Moreover,taking aim at reducing the annual energy consumption and the annual cost of coating,the exterior surface of southern wall should employ the common painting with higher absorption coefficient,while the best option of solar radiation absorption coefficient for the other facades are solar reflective coatings withlower absorption coefficient,and its economic effectiveness is determined by the height and window-towall ratios of building.
Based on energy balance of building exterior surfaces with different solar absorption coefficients,the heat transfer processes of building envelopes in the Shanghai area are studied by numerical simulations.The time series of the temperature of building exterior surfaces with four different orientations and the daily net heat gain due to solar radiation of the building envelopes are analyzed on winter and summer solstices by using the simulation data.The results show that the reducing of solar radiation absorption coefficients of the roof,eastern and western exterior surfaces are beneficial to conserve the summer cooling energy consumption.In contrast,the absorption coefficients of the exterior surface of southern wall can obviously reduce energy consumption in winter.Moreover,taking aim at reducing the annual energy consumption and the annual cost of coating,the exterior surface of southern wall should employ the common painting with higher absorption coefficient,while the best option of solar radiation absorption coefficient for the other facades are solar reflective coatings withlower absorption coefficient,and its economic effectiveness is determined by the height and window-towall ratios of building.
引文
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[3]KONTOLEON K J,BIKAS D K.The effect of south wall’s outdoor absorption coefficient on time lag,decrement factor and temperature variations[J].Energy and Buildings,2007,39(9):1011-1018.
[4]CHENG V,NG E,GIVONI B.Effect of envelope colour and thermal mass on indoor temperatures in hot humid climate[J].Solar Energy,2005,78:528-534.
[5]魏军,毕硕本,颜停霞,等.1640—1909年长江下游地区冬季冷暖特征研究[J].自然灾害学报,2015,24(2):136-146.
[6]MOCHIDA A,TOMINAGA Y,MURAKAMI S,et al.Comparision of variousκ-εmodels and DSM applied to flow around a high-rise building:Report on AIJ cooperative project for CFD prediction of wind environment[J].Wind Struct,2002,5(2/3/4),227-244.
[7]董海荣,祁少明,麻建锁.涂料外饰面的太阳辐射吸收性能测试方法分析[J].太阳能学报,2012,33(9):1600-1603.
[8]谢雪玲,杨丽萍,朱惠英,等.夏季工况新旧热反射隔热涂料热工性能研究[J].建筑技术,2013,44(9):789-792.
[9]陆耀庆.实用供热空调设计手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1993.
[10]韩占中,王敬,兰小平.Fluent流体工程仿真计算:实例与应用[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2004.
[11]LAUNDER B E,SPALDING D B.The numerical computation of turbulent flows[J].Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,1974,3(2):269-289.
[12]MATHUR S R,MURTHY J Y.Coupled ordinates method for multigrid acceleration of radiation calculations[J].Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer,1999,14(4),467-473.
[13]KANSCHAT G,MEINKHN E,RANNACHER R,et al.Numerical methods in multidimensional radiative transfer[M].Heidelberg:Springer,2009.
[14]JGER W,RANNACHER R,WARNATZ J,et al.Reactive flows,diffusion and transport:From experiments via mathematical modeling to numerical simulation and optimization[M].Heidelberg:Springer,2006:495-529.
[15]朱颖心.建筑环境学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.
[16]马蔚纯.上海地区风速、风向、稳定度联合频率的计算及分析[J].上海环境科学,1995,14(3):28-30,46.
[17]GMEZ M A,LVAREZ FEIJOO M A,COMESAA R,et al.CFD simulation of a concrete cubicle to analyze the thermal effect of phase change materials in buildings[J].Energies,2012,5:2093-2111.
[18]YU J,YANG C,TIAN L,et al.A study on optimum insulation thicknesses of external wall in hot summer and cold winter zone of China[J].Applied Energy.2009.86:2530-2529.
[19]贺芳芳,薛静,穆海振.上海地区太阳总辐射及其时空分布特征[J].资源科学,2010,32(4):693-700.