富氧条件下Fe-Mn/Beta选择性催化丙烯还原氮氧化物
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摘要
以Beta分子筛为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备Fe-Mn/Beta催化剂,并对其在富氧条件下丙烯选择性催化还原NO性能进行了研究。通过N_2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)和原位漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(in-situ DRIFTS)等研究手段对催化剂进行表征,考察M n组分对催化剂的物理化学性质、C_3H_6-SCR反应活性和反应中间产物的影响。结果表明,引入M n物种可以显著提高Fe-M n/Beta催化剂的低温催化活性,1.5Fe1.0Mn/Beta催化剂NO还原效率350℃最高可达99.4%,在250-400℃反应温度下显示出很高的反应活性和N_2选择性。原位红外光谱研究表明,分子筛离子交换位上孤立的铁离子是丙烯选择性氧化的主要活性位,分散良好的Mn O_2物种不能提高催化剂对丙烯的活化能力,但有助于促进形成NO_2吸附物种,从而提升了Fe-Mn/Beta催化剂的低温C_3H_6-SCR性能。经高温水热老化处理后,Fe-Mn/Beta催化剂脱硝活性明显下降,这与孤立的Fe~(3+)离子迁移形成Fe_xO_y团聚物种有关。
Fe-Mn/Beta catalysts were prepared by incipient wet-impregnation methods and used for selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide with propylene in excess oxygen. The catalysts were characterized using N_2-physisorption,X-ray diffraction( XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy( XPS),transmission electron microscopy( TEM),H_2-temperature programmed reduction( H_2-TPR) and in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fouier transform spectroscopy( in-situ DRIFTS) techniques. The effects of Mn component on the physicochemical properties,C_3H_6-SCR activity and reaction intermediates of catalysts were also investigated. The results showed that C_3H_6-SCR activity of Fe-Mn/Beta catalysts at low temperature could be significantly improved by introducing Mn species. 1. 5 Fe1. 0 Mn/Beta catalyst achieved the highest activity with a nitrogen oxide conversion of 99.4% at 350 ℃,which possessed high catalytic performance and N_2 selectivity within the temperature window of 250-400 ℃. Based on the in-situ DRIFT studies,the isolated Fe~(3+) ions at the ionexchange sites were the main active sites for selective oxidation of propylene. Although the well-dispersed MnO_2 species could not improve the activation ability of the catalysts for propylene,they would enhance the formation of NO_2 adsorption species,then promoted C_3H_6-SCR activity at the low temperature. The significant decrease of SCR activity after hydrothermal aging of Fe-Mn/Beta catalysts might be due to the migration of isolated Fe~(3+) ions into oligomeric clusters.
Fe-Mn/Beta catalysts were prepared by incipient wet-impregnation methods and used for selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide with propylene in excess oxygen. The catalysts were characterized using N_2-physisorption,X-ray diffraction( XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy( XPS),transmission electron microscopy( TEM),H_2-temperature programmed reduction( H_2-TPR) and in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fouier transform spectroscopy( in-situ DRIFTS) techniques. The effects of Mn component on the physicochemical properties,C_3H_6-SCR activity and reaction intermediates of catalysts were also investigated. The results showed that C_3H_6-SCR activity of Fe-Mn/Beta catalysts at low temperature could be significantly improved by introducing Mn species. 1. 5 Fe1. 0 Mn/Beta catalyst achieved the highest activity with a nitrogen oxide conversion of 99.4% at 350 ℃,which possessed high catalytic performance and N_2 selectivity within the temperature window of 250-400 ℃. Based on the in-situ DRIFT studies,the isolated Fe~(3+) ions at the ionexchange sites were the main active sites for selective oxidation of propylene. Although the well-dispersed MnO_2 species could not improve the activation ability of the catalysts for propylene,they would enhance the formation of NO_2 adsorption species,then promoted C_3H_6-SCR activity at the low temperature. The significant decrease of SCR activity after hydrothermal aging of Fe-Mn/Beta catalysts might be due to the migration of isolated Fe~(3+) ions into oligomeric clusters.
引文
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[3]贺泓,刘福东,余运波,单文坡.环境友好的选择性催化还原氮氧化物催化剂[J].中国科学化学,2012,42(4):446-468.(HE Hong,LIU Fu-dong,YU Yun-bo,SHAN Wen-po.Environmental-friendly catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx[J].Sci Sin:Chim,2012,42(4):446-468.)
[4]ZHOU H,SU Y,LIAO W,DENG W,ZHONG F.NO reduction by propane over monolithic cordierite-based Fe/Al2O3 catalyst:Reaction mechanism and effect of H2O/SO2[J].Fuel,2016,182:352-360.
[5]董士林,苏亚欣,刘欣,李前程,袁旻昊,周皞,邓文义.Fe/Ti-PILC用于C3H6选择性催化还原NO的研究[J].燃料化学学报,2018,46(10):1231-1239.(DONG Shi-lin,SU Ya-xin,LIU Xin,LI Qian-cheng,YUAN Min-hao,ZHOU Hao,DENG Wen-yi.Experimental study on selective catalytic reduction of NO by C3H6 over Fe/Ti-PILC catalysts[J].J Fuel Chem Technol,2018,46(10):1231-1239.)
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[7]GRANGER P,PARVULESCU V I.Catalytic NOx abatement systems for mobile sources:From three-way to lean burn after-treatment technologies[J].Chem Rev,2011,111(5):3155-3207.
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[9]ZHOU H,GE M,WU S,YE B,SU Y.Iron based monolithic catalysts supported on Al2O3,SiO2,and TiO2:A comparison for NO reduction with propane[J].Fuel,2018,220:330-338.
[10]杨溪,苏亚欣,钱文燕,袁旻昊,周皞,邓文义,赵兵涛.Fe-Ag/Al2O3催化丙烯还原NO的实验研究[J].燃料化学学报,2017,45(11):1365-1375(YANG Xi,SU Ya-xin,QIAN Wen-yan,YUAN Min-hao,ZHOU Hao,DENG Wen-yi,ZHAO Bing-tao.Experimental study on selective catalytic reduction of NO by C3H6 over Fe-Ag/Al2O3 catalysts[J].J Fuel Chem Technol,2017,45(11):1365-1375.)
[11]LI L,GUAN N.HC-SCR reaction pathways on ion exchanged ZSM-5 catalysts[J].Microporous Mesoporous Mater,2009,117(1):450-457.
[12]YASHNIK S A,SALNIKOV A V,VASENIN N T,ANUFRIENKO V F,ISMAGILOV Z R.Regulation of the copper-oxide cluster structure and DeNOx activity of Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts by variation of OH/Cu2+[J].Catal Today,2012,197(1):214-227.
[13]刘福东,单文坡,石晓燕,张长斌,贺泓.用于NH3选择性催化还原NO的非钒基催化剂研究进展[J].催化学报,2011,32(7):1113-1128.(LIU Fu-dong,SHAN Wen-po,SHI Xiao-yan,ZHANG Chang-bin,HE Hong.Research progress in vanadium-Free catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3[J].Chin J Catal,2011,32(7):1113-1128.)
[14]WANG J,ZHAO H,HALLER G,LI Y.Recent advances in the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 on Cu-Chabazite catalysts[J].Appl Catal B:Environ,2017,202:346-354.
[15]METKAR P S,SALAZAR N,MUNCRIEF R,BALAKOTAIAH V,HAROLD M P.Selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 on iron zeolite monolithic catalysts:Steady-state and transient kinetics[J].Appl Catal B:Environ,2011,104(1/2):110-126.
[16]CHEN H Y,SACHTLER W M H.Activity and durability of Fe/ZSM-5 catalysts for lean burn NOx reduction in the presence of water vapor[J].Catal Today,1998,42(1):73-83.
[17]YANG T T,BI H T,CHENG X.Effects of O2,CO2 and H2O on NOx adsorption and selective catalytic reduction over Fe/ZSM-5[J].Appl Catal B:Environ,2011,102(1/2)163-171.
[18]PAN H,GUO Y,BI H T.NOx adsorption and reduction with C3H6 over Fe/zeolite catalysts:Effect of catalyst support[J].Chem Eng J,2015,280:66-73.
[19]HE C,WANG Y,CHENG Y,LAMBERT C K,YANG R T.Activity,stability and hydrocarbon deactivation of Fe/Beta catalyst for SCR of NO with ammonia[J].Appl Catal A:Gen,2009,368(1):121-126.
[20]孔志坚,王成,丁正南,陈银飞,张泽凯.Li改性MnO2及LiMn2O4催化NH3-SCR反应性能研究[J].燃料化学学报,2014,42(12):1447-1454.(KONG Zhi-jian,WANG Cheng,DING Zheng-nan,CHEN Yin-fei,ZHANG Ze-kai.Li-modified MnO2 catalyst and LiMn2O4 for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3[J].J Fuel Chem Technol,2014,42(12):1447-1454.)
[21]KIM Y J,KWON H J,HEO I,NAM I S,CHO B K,JIN W C,CHA M S,YEO G K.Mn-Fe/ZSM5 as a low-temperature SCR catalyst to remove NOx from diesel engine exhaust[J].Appl Catal B:Environ,2012,126(38):9-21.
[22]XU W,ZHANG G,CHEN H,ZHANG G,HAN Y,CHANG Y,GONG P.Mn/beta and Mn/ZSM-5 for the low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with ammonia:Effect of manganese precursors[J].Chin J Catal,2018,39(1):118-127.
[23]陈树伟,闫晓亮,陈佳琪,马静红,李瑞丰.富氧条件下Mn/ZSM-5选择催化CH4还原NO[J].催化学报,2010,31(9):1107-1114.(CHEN Shu-wei,YAN Xiao-liang,CHEN Jia-qi,MA Jing-hong,LI Rui-feng.Selective catalytic reduction of NO in excess oxygen by methane over Mn/ZSM-5 catalysts[J].Chin J Catal,2010,31(9):1107-1114.)
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[25]LI J,CHEN J,KE R,LUO C,HAO J.Effects of precursors on the surface Mn species and the activities for NO reduction over MnOx/TiOcatalysts[J].Catal Commun,2007,8(12):1896-1900.
[26]MA L,CHANG H,YANG S,CHEN L,FU L,LI J.Relations between iron sites and performance of Fe/HBEA catalysts prepared by two different methods for NH3-SCR[J].Chem Eng J,2012,209(20):652-660.
[27]GUAN B,LIN H,ZHU L,HUANG Z.Selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 over Mn,Ce substitution Ti0.9V0.1O2-δnanocomposites catalysts prepared by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis method[J].J Phys Chem C,2011,115(26):12850-12863.
[28]YAMASHITA T,HAYES P.Analysis of XPS spectra of Fe2+and Fe3+ions in oxide materials[J].Appl Surf Sci,2008,254(8):2441-2449.
[29]YANG S,GUO Y,YAN N,WU D,HE H,QU Z,CHEN Y,ZHOU Q,JIA J.Nanosized cation-deficient Fe-Ti spinel:A novel magnetic sorbent for elemental mercury capture from flue gas[J].ACS Appl Mater Inter,2011,3(2):209-217.
[30]TRAWCZY'NSKI J,BIELAK B,MI'STA W.Oxidation of ethanol over supported manganese catalysts-effect of the carrier[J].Appl Catal B:Environ,2005,55(4):277-285.
[31]SULTANA A,SASAKI M,HAMADA H.Influence of support on the activity of Mn supported catalysts for SCR of NO with ammonia[J].Catal Today,2012,185(1):284-289.
[32]ZHOU H,SU Y,LIAO W,DENG W,ZHONG F.Preparation,characterization,and properties of monolithic Fe/Al2O3/cordierite catalysts for NO reduction with C2H6[J].Appl Catal A:Gen,2015,505:402-409.
[33]DDEˇC EK J,ˇC APEK L,KAUCKY D,SOBALI'Y K Z,WICHTERLOVB.Siting and distribution of the Co ions in Beta zeolite:A UVVisNIR and FTIR study[J].J Catal,2002,211(1):198-207.
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