印度稻米产业研究与前景展望
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摘要
印度和中国是稻米生产、消费和贸易大国,由于国内人口基数大,保障主粮安全是农业发展的基础。中国由于生产成本上升、品质层次不齐等原因,导致国内稻米生产、库存和进口齐增。印度在保障国内正常供应的前提下跃升为全球第一大稻米出口国,国际市场需求和竞争力都远高于中国。分析了印度稻米产业现状和政策措施,发现尽管目前其发展态势良好,但也存在自然资源紧缺、生产技术滞后、劳动成本上升和农业信贷不均等问题。而中国在稻米育种和生产技术方面的成果、产品和资本市场的运作经验能够协助印度稻米现代化发展,两国不同的贸易政策也值得相互学习,存在较大合作潜力。
India and China are big countries in rice production, consumption and trade. Because of the large domestic population, ensuring the safety of staple foods is the basis of agricultural development. Due to rising production costs, uneven quality levels and others, China's domestic rice production inventory and imports have increased. India has become the world's largest rice exporter under the premise of guaranteeing normal domestic supply, and its international market demand and competitiveness are much higher than China's. By analyzing the current status and policy measures of the Indian rice industry, the results showed that although its current development situation was good, there were also some problems such as shortage of natural resources,lag in production technology, rising labor costs and uneven agricultural credit and so on. China's achievements in rice breeding and production techniques, products and capital market operations can assist in the modernization of Indian rice, and the different trade policies of China and India are also worth learning from each other, and they have great potential for cooperation in rice industry.
India and China are big countries in rice production, consumption and trade. Because of the large domestic population, ensuring the safety of staple foods is the basis of agricultural development. Due to rising production costs, uneven quality levels and others, China's domestic rice production inventory and imports have increased. India has become the world's largest rice exporter under the premise of guaranteeing normal domestic supply, and its international market demand and competitiveness are much higher than China's. By analyzing the current status and policy measures of the Indian rice industry, the results showed that although its current development situation was good, there were also some problems such as shortage of natural resources,lag in production technology, rising labor costs and uneven agricultural credit and so on. China's achievements in rice breeding and production techniques, products and capital market operations can assist in the modernization of Indian rice, and the different trade policies of China and India are also worth learning from each other, and they have great potential for cooperation in rice industry.
引文
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[2]FAO,WFP,IFPRI.Global report on food crisis 2017[M].Roma:Food Security Information Network,2017.
[3]郭敏,陈润.“一带一路”倡议下中印贸易关系[J].中国经贸导刊,2017(2):10-13.
[4]Samarendu Mohanty,P.G.Chengappa,Mruthyunjaya,etal..The Future Rice Strategy for India[M].Salt Lake City:Academic Press,2017.
[5]张雯丽,翟雪玲.中印农业合作制约及发展方向[J].国际经济合作,2017(10):40-44.
[6]Kumar P.,et al..Factor demand,output supply elasticities and supply projections for major crops of India[J].Agricultural Economics Research Review,2010(23):1-14.
[7]Government of India,Ministry of Agriculture,Department of Agriculture and Cooperation.Agriculture Census 2010-11[M].New Dehli,2014.
[8]Sinha S.K.,Swaminathan M.S..Deforestation,climate change and sustainable nutrition security:A case study of India[J].Climate Change,1991(19):201-209.
[9]Wiggins S.,Keats S.Rural wages in Asia[M].London:ODI,2014.
[10]Kumar A.,Singh K.,Sinha S..Institutional Credit to Agriculture Sector in India:Status,Performance and Determinants[J].Agricultural Economics Research Review,2010(23):253-264.
[11]Biradar R.R..Trends and patterns of institutional credit flow for agriculture in India[J].Journal Asia-Pacific Business,2013(7):44-56.
[12]董运来.印度粮食安全:政策分析及对我国的经验借鉴[J].西部商学评论,2009(2):114-123.
[13]陈德洲.中国与印度农业投资合作的基本状况与完善途径[J].对外经贸实务,2018(2):79-82.