吸收光谱法表征城市水体表观污染
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摘要
随着我国城市水体污染的加剧,城市水体的主体功能逐渐转化为景观用途,良好的感官成为城市水体的基本要求,但现行水质标准与评价方法均不能准确评价城市水体的表观污染程度。本文提出采用吸收光谱法对城市水体表观污染进行表征,即通过计算抽滤前、后水样在可见光区(380~780nm)吸收光谱曲线面积的差值来区分城市水体不同的表观污染程度。结果表明:扫描曲线面积对受污水体颜色及浑浊度具有较好的响应关系,通过颜色修正,扫描曲线面积与人体主观感受污染程度具有较好的一致性,从而建立了表观污染指数方程及评判标准,并采用苏州城市河道100组水样对表观污染指数方程进行验证,其基本吻合率超过80%。
With the increasing pollution of urban water in China,the main function of urban water gradually transforms into landscape use.Good sense is the basic requirement of urban water,but the existing water quality standards and evaluation methods cannot accurately evaluate the degree of the apparent pollution of urban water.This paper applies absorption spectrum to characterizing the apparent pollution of urban water,which means that the difference between the spectral scanning curve areas in the visible region(380-780nm)of water samples before and after filtration can distinguish the degree of the apparent pollution of urban water.The experiments show that the scanning curve areas have better relationship with water color and turbidity,and,after the color correction,the scanning curve area and the degree of apparent pollution felt by human subjective sense have good consistency.At the end,the paper establishes the apparent pollution index equation and criteria and takes 100groups of water samples from Suzhou urban river to verify this apparent pollution index equation,and the basic accuracy is more than 80%.
With the increasing pollution of urban water in China,the main function of urban water gradually transforms into landscape use.Good sense is the basic requirement of urban water,but the existing water quality standards and evaluation methods cannot accurately evaluate the degree of the apparent pollution of urban water.This paper applies absorption spectrum to characterizing the apparent pollution of urban water,which means that the difference between the spectral scanning curve areas in the visible region(380-780nm)of water samples before and after filtration can distinguish the degree of the apparent pollution of urban water.The experiments show that the scanning curve areas have better relationship with water color and turbidity,and,after the color correction,the scanning curve area and the degree of apparent pollution felt by human subjective sense have good consistency.At the end,the paper establishes the apparent pollution index equation and criteria and takes 100groups of water samples from Suzhou urban river to verify this apparent pollution index equation,and the basic accuracy is more than 80%.
引文
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[3]Omo-Irabor,O.O.,S.B.Olobaniyi,K.Oduyemli,et al.Surface and groundwater water quality assessment using multivariate analytical methods:A case study of the Western Niger Delta,Nigeria[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2008,33:666-673.
[4]Simeonov,V.,J.A.Stratis,C.Samara,et al.Assessment of the surface water quality in Northern Greece[J].Water Research,2003,37:4119-4124.
[5]Fan,X.Y.,B.S.Cui,H.Zhao,et al.Assessment of river water quality in Pearl River Delta using multivariate statistical techniques[J].Procedia Environmental Science,2010,2:1220-1234.
[6]Ouyang,Y.,P.Nkedi-Kizza,Q.T.Wu,et al.Assessment of seasonal variations in surface water quality[J].Water Research,2006,40:3800-3810.
[7]Liu,L.,J.Z.Zhou,X.L.An,et al.Using fuzzy theory and information entropy for water quality assessment in Three Gorges region,China[J].Expert Systems with Applications,2010,37:2517-2521.
[8]傅振鹏,陶涛,孙世群.模糊评价在巢湖市饮用水水源地水质评价中的应用[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(9):5235-5237.
[9]Liu,X.B.,G.F.Li,Z.G.Liu,et al.Water pollution characteristics and assessment of lower reaches in Haihe River Basin[J].Procedia Environmental Science,2010,2:199-206.
[10]奚旦立,陈季华.水质监测中颜色测定的新方法[J].环境科学,1987,8(5):31-33.
[11]毕永红,胡征宇.水色及其与藻类的关系[J].生态科学,2005,24(1):66-68.
[12]李珍明,蒋国强,朱锡培.上海地区黑臭河道治理技术分析[J].净水技术,2010,29(5):1-3.
[13]赵宏德,骆虹.沈阳细河水体黑臭评价[J].环境保护科学,2010,36(2):103-105.
[14]方宇翘,张国莹,裘祖楠.苏州河水的黑臭现象研究[J].上海环境科学,1993,12(12):21-26.
[15]保金花.景观水体感官质量评价方法研究[D].苏州:苏州科技学院,2008.
[16]李鹏章.景观水体表观污染的表征方法研究[D].苏州:苏州科技学院,2011.
[17]周名成.俞汝勤.紫外与可见分光光度分析法[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1986:18-21.
[18]GB 11903—89,水质-色度的测定[S].
[19]曾凡亮,罗先桃.分光光度法测定水样的色度[J].工业水处理,2006,26(9):69-72.
[20]陈强,罗亮,曾正中,等.分光光度法测定水体色度的一种新方法[J].甘肃环境研究与监测,2003,16(4):342-343.