几种典型地表类型反照率时序变化特征及其参数化研究
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摘要
地表反照率对地表能量平衡、气候模式和全球变化研究具有重要的作用.受季节和下垫面影响,地表反照率呈现一定的时序变化特征,刻画这种变化特征可以为地表反照率估算提供背景信息,有利于提高反照率反演精度.目前已有许多研究致力于分析地表反照率时序变化特征和影响因素,但分析仅限于某一特定区域的一种或几种地表类型,同时对反照率与叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)、归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)等影响因子的相关性还缺少参数化研究.本文使用美国通量观测网络AmeriFlux观测数据资料,利用该网络站点分布范围广、地表类型丰富的特点,选取其中代表性较强的站点观测数据,分析了落叶阔叶林、常绿针叶林、草地、农田4种典型植被类型地表反照率的时序变化特征.发现各植被地表类型反照率呈现"U"形年内变化特征,在植被生长季,落叶阔叶林、农田、草地3种地表类型反照率均先减小再增大后减小,而常绿针叶林地表反照率变化不明显.利用统计方法分别建立了地表反照率与LAI和NDVI的参数化模型,结果显示:2种估算地表反照率的参数化模型均能较好反映植被生长过程中地表反照率的变化特征,与地面实测数据相比,计算得到的地表反照率具有较高的精度;2种参数化模型估算得到的反照率一致性好,相关系数为0.721 9.该参数化方案可为地表反照率的进一步估算提供背景参考模型.
Land surface albedo has an important role in surface energy balance,climate model and global change research.Affected by seasons and underlying surfaces,the surface albedo exhibits certain temporal variations.Characterizing this variation can provide background information for surface albedo estimation,which helps to improve albedo inversion accuracy.Many studies have devoted to analysis of surface albedo temporal variation and parameterization schemes,but the analysis is limited to one or several surface types in a specific area,and cannot express the variation law of surface albedo in different land types.In this study,AmeriFlux observations were used to analyze timing variations of land surface albedo including deciduous board-leaved forest,evergreen coniferous forest,grassland and farmland.Albedo parameterization models were established from site data in different land cover types with LAI and NDVI.It was found that during the growing season,evergreen coniferous forest and grassland albedo have identical relationship with LAI and NDVI:decreases first,then increases and finally maintains a stable state with the growth of vegetation.Albedo of deciduous broad-leaved forest increases first,then decreases slightly and then becomes stable with increase of LAI.For broad-leaved forests,albedo increases linearly with increased NDVI when NDVI is larger than 0.4.Albedo of farmland surface is approximately positively linear with LAI and NDVI.Regional scale land surface albedo was then estimated using established parameterization scheme.Parameterization models can well capture the time series variation pattern and spatial characteristics of the land surface albedo.This method can estimate land surface albedo in different land cover types,and provide a high accuracy albedo background reference for data assimilation model.
Land surface albedo has an important role in surface energy balance,climate model and global change research.Affected by seasons and underlying surfaces,the surface albedo exhibits certain temporal variations.Characterizing this variation can provide background information for surface albedo estimation,which helps to improve albedo inversion accuracy.Many studies have devoted to analysis of surface albedo temporal variation and parameterization schemes,but the analysis is limited to one or several surface types in a specific area,and cannot express the variation law of surface albedo in different land types.In this study,AmeriFlux observations were used to analyze timing variations of land surface albedo including deciduous board-leaved forest,evergreen coniferous forest,grassland and farmland.Albedo parameterization models were established from site data in different land cover types with LAI and NDVI.It was found that during the growing season,evergreen coniferous forest and grassland albedo have identical relationship with LAI and NDVI:decreases first,then increases and finally maintains a stable state with the growth of vegetation.Albedo of deciduous broad-leaved forest increases first,then decreases slightly and then becomes stable with increase of LAI.For broad-leaved forests,albedo increases linearly with increased NDVI when NDVI is larger than 0.4.Albedo of farmland surface is approximately positively linear with LAI and NDVI.Regional scale land surface albedo was then estimated using established parameterization scheme.Parameterization models can well capture the time series variation pattern and spatial characteristics of the land surface albedo.This method can estimate land surface albedo in different land cover types,and provide a high accuracy albedo background reference for data assimilation model.
引文
[1]DICKINSON R E.Land processes in climate models[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,1995,51(1):27
[2]HE T,LIANG S,SONG D X.Analysis of global land surface albedo climatology and spatial-temporal variation during 1981-2010from multiple satellite products[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2015,119(17):10281
[3]LIU Q,GU L,DICKINSON R E,et al.Assimilation of satellite reflectance data into a dynamical leaf model to infer seasonally varying leaf areas for climate and carbon models[J].Journal of Geophysial Research,2008,113(D19):1429
[4]MALIK M J,VELDE R V D,VEKERDY Z,et al.Assimilation of satellite-observed snow albedo in a land surface model[J].Journal of Hydrometeorology,2012,13(3):1119
[5]SAFDARI P.Spatial and temporal variation in vegetation land cover albedo in Finland[D].Helsinki,Finland:University of Helsinki Department of Forest Sciences,2015:7
[6]ZORAN M A.Impact of climate and anthropogenic changes on urban surface albedo assessed from time-series MODIS satellite data[C]∥SPIE Remote Sensing,Toulouse,France:International Society for Optics and Photonics,2015
[7]CHARNEY J,QUIRK W,CHEW S,et al.Dynamics of deserts and droughts in the Sahel[J].Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,1975,34:1366
[8]姚彤,张强.我国北方不同类型下垫面地表反照率特征[J].物理学报,2014,63(8):462
[9]刘辉志,涂钢,董文杰.半干旱区不同下垫面地表反照率变化特征[J].科学通报,2008,53(10):1220
[10]肖瑶,赵林,李韧,等.藏北高原多年冻土区地表反照率特征分析[J].冰川冻土,2010,32(3):480
[11]李宏宇,张强,史晋森,等.黄土高原自然植被下垫面陆面过程参数研究[J].气象学报,2012,70(5):1137
[12]孙俊,胡泽勇,荀学义,等.黑河中上游不同下垫面反照率特征及其影响因子分析[J].高原气象,2011,30(3):607
[13]金莉莉,李振杰,买买提艾力,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘地表反照率特征及参数化研究[J].资源科学,2014,36(5):1051
[14]SVACINA N A,DUGUAY C R,BROWN L C.Modelled and satellite-derived surface albedo of lake ice:Part I:evaluation of the albedo parameterization scheme of the Canadian Lake Ice Model[J].Hydrological Processes,2014,28(16):4550
[15]YI W,QIAO Y,WANG Y,et al.A new parameterization of spectral and broadband ocean surface albedo[J].Optics Express,2011,19(27):26429
[16]HAO Y,WANG Y,HUANG X,et al.Seasonal and interannual variation in water vapor and energy exchange over a typical steppe in Inner Mongolia,China[J].Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,2007,146(1):57
[17]HAO Y,WANG Y,MEI X,et al.CO2,H2O and energy exchange of an Inner Mongolia steppe ecosystem during a dry and wet year[J].Acta Oecologica,2008,33(2):133
[18]陈云浩,李晓兵,谢锋.我国西北地区地表反照率的遥感研究[J].地理科学,2001,13(4):327
[19]蔡福,周广胜,李荣平,等.地表反照率动态参数化方案研究:以玉米农田为例[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(10):1775
[20]冯智明,闻建光,肖青,等.MODIS V006和V005全球反照率产品精度对比分析[J].遥感学报,2018(1):97
[21]ROUJEAN J L,LEROY M,DESCHAMPS P Y.Abidirectional reflectance model of the Earths surface for the correction of remote sensing data[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,1992,97(D18):20455
[22]SCHAAF C B,GAO F,STRAHLER A H,et al.First operational BRDF,albedo nadir reflectance products from MODIS[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2002,83(1):135
[23]LEWIS P,BARNSLEY M J.Influence of the sky radiance distribution on various formulations of the earth surface albedo[C]∥Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Physical Measurements and Signatures in Remote Sensing,CNES Val dIsere:ISPRS,1994:17
[24]WANG K,LIANG S,SCHAAF C L,et al.Evaluation of moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer land surface visible and shortwave albedo products at FLUXNET sites[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2010,115(D17):1
[25]王开存,刘晶淼,周秀骥,等.利用MODIS卫星资料反演中国地区晴空地表短波反照率及其特征分析[J].大气科学,2004,28(6):941
[26]ROMAN M O,SCHAAF C B,WOODCOCK C E,et al.The MODIS(Collection V005)BRDF/albedo product:assessment of spatial representativeness over forested landscapes[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2009,113(11):2476
[27]HARDING R J,POMEROY J W.The energy balance of the winter boreal landscape[J].Journal of Climate,1996,9(11):2778
[28]ROBINSON D A,KUKLA G.Albedo of a dissipating snow cover[J].J Climate Applmeteor,2010,23(12):1626
[29]王鸽,韩琳.东北地区地表反照率时空分布研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2009,40(4):417
[30]BETTS A K,DESJARDINS R L,WORTH D.Impact of agriculture,forest and cloud feedback on the surface energy budget in BOREAS[J].Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,2007,142(2):156
[31]鲍平勇,张友静,贡璐,等.由遥感数据获取的地表反照率归一化问题探讨[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(1):67
[32]OGUNTUNDE P G,VAN DE GIESEN N,VAN DEGIESEN N.Crop growth and development effects on surface albedo for maize and cowpea fields in Ghana,West Africa[J].Int J Biometeorol,2004,49(2):106
[33]CULF A D,FISCH G,HODNETT M G.The albedo of Amazonian forest and ranch land[J].Journal of Climate,1995,8(6):1544
[34]JACOBS A F G,PUL W A J V,PUL W A J V.Seasonal changes in the albedo of a maize crop during two seasons[J].Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,1990,49(4):351
[35]LI S G,EUGSTER W,ASANUMA J,et al.Energy partitioning and its biophysical controls above a grazing steppe in central Mongolia[J].Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,2006,137(1):89
[36]张果,周广胜,阳伏林.内蒙古荒漠草原地表反照率变化特征[J].生态学报,2010,30(24):6943
[2]HE T,LIANG S,SONG D X.Analysis of global land surface albedo climatology and spatial-temporal variation during 1981-2010from multiple satellite products[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2015,119(17):10281
[3]LIU Q,GU L,DICKINSON R E,et al.Assimilation of satellite reflectance data into a dynamical leaf model to infer seasonally varying leaf areas for climate and carbon models[J].Journal of Geophysial Research,2008,113(D19):1429
[4]MALIK M J,VELDE R V D,VEKERDY Z,et al.Assimilation of satellite-observed snow albedo in a land surface model[J].Journal of Hydrometeorology,2012,13(3):1119
[5]SAFDARI P.Spatial and temporal variation in vegetation land cover albedo in Finland[D].Helsinki,Finland:University of Helsinki Department of Forest Sciences,2015:7
[6]ZORAN M A.Impact of climate and anthropogenic changes on urban surface albedo assessed from time-series MODIS satellite data[C]∥SPIE Remote Sensing,Toulouse,France:International Society for Optics and Photonics,2015
[7]CHARNEY J,QUIRK W,CHEW S,et al.Dynamics of deserts and droughts in the Sahel[J].Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,1975,34:1366
[8]姚彤,张强.我国北方不同类型下垫面地表反照率特征[J].物理学报,2014,63(8):462
[9]刘辉志,涂钢,董文杰.半干旱区不同下垫面地表反照率变化特征[J].科学通报,2008,53(10):1220
[10]肖瑶,赵林,李韧,等.藏北高原多年冻土区地表反照率特征分析[J].冰川冻土,2010,32(3):480
[11]李宏宇,张强,史晋森,等.黄土高原自然植被下垫面陆面过程参数研究[J].气象学报,2012,70(5):1137
[12]孙俊,胡泽勇,荀学义,等.黑河中上游不同下垫面反照率特征及其影响因子分析[J].高原气象,2011,30(3):607
[13]金莉莉,李振杰,买买提艾力,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘地表反照率特征及参数化研究[J].资源科学,2014,36(5):1051
[14]SVACINA N A,DUGUAY C R,BROWN L C.Modelled and satellite-derived surface albedo of lake ice:Part I:evaluation of the albedo parameterization scheme of the Canadian Lake Ice Model[J].Hydrological Processes,2014,28(16):4550
[15]YI W,QIAO Y,WANG Y,et al.A new parameterization of spectral and broadband ocean surface albedo[J].Optics Express,2011,19(27):26429
[16]HAO Y,WANG Y,HUANG X,et al.Seasonal and interannual variation in water vapor and energy exchange over a typical steppe in Inner Mongolia,China[J].Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,2007,146(1):57
[17]HAO Y,WANG Y,MEI X,et al.CO2,H2O and energy exchange of an Inner Mongolia steppe ecosystem during a dry and wet year[J].Acta Oecologica,2008,33(2):133
[18]陈云浩,李晓兵,谢锋.我国西北地区地表反照率的遥感研究[J].地理科学,2001,13(4):327
[19]蔡福,周广胜,李荣平,等.地表反照率动态参数化方案研究:以玉米农田为例[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(10):1775
[20]冯智明,闻建光,肖青,等.MODIS V006和V005全球反照率产品精度对比分析[J].遥感学报,2018(1):97
[21]ROUJEAN J L,LEROY M,DESCHAMPS P Y.Abidirectional reflectance model of the Earths surface for the correction of remote sensing data[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,1992,97(D18):20455
[22]SCHAAF C B,GAO F,STRAHLER A H,et al.First operational BRDF,albedo nadir reflectance products from MODIS[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2002,83(1):135
[23]LEWIS P,BARNSLEY M J.Influence of the sky radiance distribution on various formulations of the earth surface albedo[C]∥Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Physical Measurements and Signatures in Remote Sensing,CNES Val dIsere:ISPRS,1994:17
[24]WANG K,LIANG S,SCHAAF C L,et al.Evaluation of moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer land surface visible and shortwave albedo products at FLUXNET sites[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2010,115(D17):1
[25]王开存,刘晶淼,周秀骥,等.利用MODIS卫星资料反演中国地区晴空地表短波反照率及其特征分析[J].大气科学,2004,28(6):941
[26]ROMAN M O,SCHAAF C B,WOODCOCK C E,et al.The MODIS(Collection V005)BRDF/albedo product:assessment of spatial representativeness over forested landscapes[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2009,113(11):2476
[27]HARDING R J,POMEROY J W.The energy balance of the winter boreal landscape[J].Journal of Climate,1996,9(11):2778
[28]ROBINSON D A,KUKLA G.Albedo of a dissipating snow cover[J].J Climate Applmeteor,2010,23(12):1626
[29]王鸽,韩琳.东北地区地表反照率时空分布研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2009,40(4):417
[30]BETTS A K,DESJARDINS R L,WORTH D.Impact of agriculture,forest and cloud feedback on the surface energy budget in BOREAS[J].Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,2007,142(2):156
[31]鲍平勇,张友静,贡璐,等.由遥感数据获取的地表反照率归一化问题探讨[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(1):67
[32]OGUNTUNDE P G,VAN DE GIESEN N,VAN DEGIESEN N.Crop growth and development effects on surface albedo for maize and cowpea fields in Ghana,West Africa[J].Int J Biometeorol,2004,49(2):106
[33]CULF A D,FISCH G,HODNETT M G.The albedo of Amazonian forest and ranch land[J].Journal of Climate,1995,8(6):1544
[34]JACOBS A F G,PUL W A J V,PUL W A J V.Seasonal changes in the albedo of a maize crop during two seasons[J].Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,1990,49(4):351
[35]LI S G,EUGSTER W,ASANUMA J,et al.Energy partitioning and its biophysical controls above a grazing steppe in central Mongolia[J].Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,2006,137(1):89
[36]张果,周广胜,阳伏林.内蒙古荒漠草原地表反照率变化特征[J].生态学报,2010,30(24):6943