老年驾驶人有效视野测试研究
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摘要
老年驾驶人的驾驶能力会出现增龄性衰退,有效视野测试可用于老年人视觉注意能力及驾驶安全性的测试和评价。在分析了有效视野测试理论及应用发展的基础上自主设计开发了有效视野测试方法及软件,选取了中、青、老年共38名受试驾驶人进行了测试实验,并分析了不同驾驶人的有效视野测试结果及其影响因素。结果表明:老年驾驶人的平均处理速度比中青年驾驶人慢,同时随着年龄的增加反应能力有减退的现象;中、青、老年驾驶人均将多数视觉注意分配在中心区域,尤其是老年驾驶人对外围视觉信息的获取的能力出现了下降的趋势。最后利用差异性分析对有效视野测试分析结果进行验证,得出了驾驶人的视野能力增龄性减退情况明显,各年龄段差异显著的结果。
Older drivers' driving ability declines with their aging.UFOV test can be used to measure visual attention and assess functions relevant to driving performance of the older drivers.The test method and software were designed and developed independently based on the analysis of UFOV test theory and its' application.38 drivers were selected to finish the test and validity experiment,and the performance of UFOV and its influencing factors were analyzed.The results showed that the average processing speed of the older drivers was slower than that of the middle-aged and young drivers,and at the same time the response ability declined with aging.The visual attention of all drivers' distributed in the central visual field,especially the ability of older drivers to acquire peripheral visual information was declined.Finally,by using difference analysis to verify the results of UFOV test,it is concluded that the age-related decline of the driver's visual field ability is obvious,and the difference between different ages is significant.
Older drivers' driving ability declines with their aging.UFOV test can be used to measure visual attention and assess functions relevant to driving performance of the older drivers.The test method and software were designed and developed independently based on the analysis of UFOV test theory and its' application.38 drivers were selected to finish the test and validity experiment,and the performance of UFOV and its influencing factors were analyzed.The results showed that the average processing speed of the older drivers was slower than that of the middle-aged and young drivers,and at the same time the response ability declined with aging.The visual attention of all drivers' distributed in the central visual field,especially the ability of older drivers to acquire peripheral visual information was declined.Finally,by using difference analysis to verify the results of UFOV test,it is concluded that the age-related decline of the driver's visual field ability is obvious,and the difference between different ages is significant.
引文
[1] Ball K,Owsley C.The Useful Field of View Test:A New Technique for Evaluating Age-related De Clines in Visual Function[J].Journal of the American Optometric Association,1993,64(1):71-9.
[2] 陈平,郭凤香,张盛.老年驾驶人风险感知研究进展[J].人类工效学,2016,22(6):76-82.
[3] Ball K,Beard BL,Roenker DL,et al.Age and Visual Search:Expanding the Useful Field of View[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America A Optics & Image Science,1988,5(12):2210.
[4] Clay OJ,Wadley VG,Edwards JD,et al.Cumulative Meta-analysis of the Relationship between Useful field of View and Driving Performance in Older Adults:Current and Future Implications[J].Optometry & Vision Science Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry,2005,82(8):31-724.
[5] AF Sanders.Some Aspects of the Selective Process in the Functional Visual Field[J].Ergonomics,1970,13(1):17-101.
[6] Edwards JD,Vance DE,Wadley VG,et al.Reliability and Validity of Useful Field of View Test Scores as Administered by Personal Computer[J].Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology,2005,27(5):529-543
[7] Ball K,Owsley C,Sloane ME,et al.Visual Attention Problems as A Predictor of Vehicle Crashes in Older Drivers[J].Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science,1993,34(11):3110.
[8] Kathryn T Goode,Karlene K Ball,Michael Sloane.Useful Field of View and Other Neurocognitive Indicators of Crash Risk in Older Adults [J].Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings,1998,25(4):425.
[9] Owseky C,Ball K,Gerald Mcgwin J,et al.Visual Processing Impairment and Risk of Motor Vehicle Crash among Older Adults[J].The Journal of the American Medical Association,1998,279(14):1083-1088.
[10] Roenker DL,Clssell GM,Ball KK,et al.Speed-of-processing and Driving Simulator Training Result in Improved Driving Performance[J].Human Factors:The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2003,45(2):218.
[11] Eswaeds JD,Ross LA,Wadley VG,et al.The Useful Field of View Test:Normative Data for Older Adults[J].Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology,2006,21(4):86-275.
[12] Bentley SA,Leblanc RP,Nicolela MT,et al.Validity,Reliability,and Repeatability of the Useful field of View Test in Persons with Normal Vision and Patients with Glaucoma[J].Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science,2012,53(11):6763.
[13] Nicole A Matas,Ted Netelbeck,Nicholas R Burns.Cognitive and Visual Predictors of UFOV Performance in Older Adults[J].Accident Analysis & Prevention,2014,70 (6):74-83.
[14] Reedjones JG,Reedjones RJ,Hollands MA.Is the Size of the Useful field of View Affected by Postural Demands Associated with Standing and Stepping[J].Neuroscience Letters,2014,566(18):27-31.
[15] 牟海容.驾驶过程中的视觉注意:对传统UFOV测试提出的补充条件研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2010.
[16] Matas NA,Nettelbeck T,Burns NR.Cognitive and Visual Predictors of UFOV Performance in Older Adults[J].Accident Analysis & Prevention,2014,70(6):74-83.
[17] Rensinkr A.Change Detection[J].Annual Review of Psychology,2002,53(3):245-277.
[18] Cosman JD,Lees MN,Lee JD,et al.Impaired Attentional Disengagement in Older Adults with Useful Field of View Decline[J].Journals of Gerontology,2012,67(4):405-412.
[19] Ragan ED,DA Bowman R,Kopper C,et al.“Effects of Field of View and Visual Complexity on Virtual Reality Training Effectiveness for A Visual Scanning Task.” IEEE[J] .Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics,2015,21 (7):794-807.
[20] Lin dong Yang,Rui feng Yu,Xue lian Lin,et al.Visual Search Tasks:Measurement of Dynamic Visual Lobe and Relationship with Display Movement Velocity[J] .Ergonomics,2018,61(2):273-283.
[2] 陈平,郭凤香,张盛.老年驾驶人风险感知研究进展[J].人类工效学,2016,22(6):76-82.
[3] Ball K,Beard BL,Roenker DL,et al.Age and Visual Search:Expanding the Useful Field of View[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America A Optics & Image Science,1988,5(12):2210.
[4] Clay OJ,Wadley VG,Edwards JD,et al.Cumulative Meta-analysis of the Relationship between Useful field of View and Driving Performance in Older Adults:Current and Future Implications[J].Optometry & Vision Science Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry,2005,82(8):31-724.
[5] AF Sanders.Some Aspects of the Selective Process in the Functional Visual Field[J].Ergonomics,1970,13(1):17-101.
[6] Edwards JD,Vance DE,Wadley VG,et al.Reliability and Validity of Useful Field of View Test Scores as Administered by Personal Computer[J].Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology,2005,27(5):529-543
[7] Ball K,Owsley C,Sloane ME,et al.Visual Attention Problems as A Predictor of Vehicle Crashes in Older Drivers[J].Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science,1993,34(11):3110.
[8] Kathryn T Goode,Karlene K Ball,Michael Sloane.Useful Field of View and Other Neurocognitive Indicators of Crash Risk in Older Adults [J].Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings,1998,25(4):425.
[9] Owseky C,Ball K,Gerald Mcgwin J,et al.Visual Processing Impairment and Risk of Motor Vehicle Crash among Older Adults[J].The Journal of the American Medical Association,1998,279(14):1083-1088.
[10] Roenker DL,Clssell GM,Ball KK,et al.Speed-of-processing and Driving Simulator Training Result in Improved Driving Performance[J].Human Factors:The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2003,45(2):218.
[11] Eswaeds JD,Ross LA,Wadley VG,et al.The Useful Field of View Test:Normative Data for Older Adults[J].Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology,2006,21(4):86-275.
[12] Bentley SA,Leblanc RP,Nicolela MT,et al.Validity,Reliability,and Repeatability of the Useful field of View Test in Persons with Normal Vision and Patients with Glaucoma[J].Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science,2012,53(11):6763.
[13] Nicole A Matas,Ted Netelbeck,Nicholas R Burns.Cognitive and Visual Predictors of UFOV Performance in Older Adults[J].Accident Analysis & Prevention,2014,70 (6):74-83.
[14] Reedjones JG,Reedjones RJ,Hollands MA.Is the Size of the Useful field of View Affected by Postural Demands Associated with Standing and Stepping[J].Neuroscience Letters,2014,566(18):27-31.
[15] 牟海容.驾驶过程中的视觉注意:对传统UFOV测试提出的补充条件研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2010.
[16] Matas NA,Nettelbeck T,Burns NR.Cognitive and Visual Predictors of UFOV Performance in Older Adults[J].Accident Analysis & Prevention,2014,70(6):74-83.
[17] Rensinkr A.Change Detection[J].Annual Review of Psychology,2002,53(3):245-277.
[18] Cosman JD,Lees MN,Lee JD,et al.Impaired Attentional Disengagement in Older Adults with Useful Field of View Decline[J].Journals of Gerontology,2012,67(4):405-412.
[19] Ragan ED,DA Bowman R,Kopper C,et al.“Effects of Field of View and Visual Complexity on Virtual Reality Training Effectiveness for A Visual Scanning Task.” IEEE[J] .Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics,2015,21 (7):794-807.
[20] Lin dong Yang,Rui feng Yu,Xue lian Lin,et al.Visual Search Tasks:Measurement of Dynamic Visual Lobe and Relationship with Display Movement Velocity[J] .Ergonomics,2018,61(2):273-283.