等比回归法测定全粒木薯生长猪消化能和代谢能
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摘要
本试验旨在分析和测定全粒木薯的常规养分及其生长猪消化能(DE)、代谢能(ME)。试验选用体重为(51.9±1.8) kg的"杜×长×大"三元杂交健康去势公猪12头,采用交叉设计并分配3种饲粮。饲粮设计采取等比回归法,包括1组玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮和2组由全粒木薯分别等比替代15%、30%基础饲粮的试验饲粮,所有饲粮中除待测原料外,其余能量原料间均保持着相同的比例;回归过程以全粒木薯摄入量为回归因子,对生长猪DE、ME摄入量作回归方程,进而得到全粒木薯生长猪DE、ME。结果表明:1)全粒木薯总能为15.02 MJ/kg,干物质含量为88.58%,粗蛋白质含量为2.62%,粗脂肪含量为0.62%,粗纤维含量为17.66%,粗灰分含量为7.97%,淀粉含量为45.16%。2)基础饲粮组DE显著高于30%全粒木薯替代饲粮组(P <0.05),但与15%全粒木薯替代饲粮组差异不显著(P>0.05);基础饲粮组ME显著高于30%全粒木薯替代饲粮组(P<0.05),但与15%全粒木薯替代饲粮组差异不显著(P>0.05); 15%与30%全粒木薯替代饲粮组间DE差异显著(P<0.05),但15%与30%全粒木薯替代饲粮组间ME差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)全粒木薯摄入量与其生长猪DE、ME摄入量关系的回归方程分别为:Y=0.61+12.50X(R2=0.96,CV=0.17),Y=0.16+11.82X(R2=0.93,CV=0.23)。综上所述,全粒木薯能量利用价值一般,其生长猪DE、ME分别为12.50、11.82 MJ/kg DM,建议用其替代玉米-豆粕型饲粮的最佳水平为15%,不影响生长猪DE、ME,但还需平衡饲粮中氨基酸水平。
The digestible energy( DE),metabolizable energy( ME) of full cassava pellet for growing pigs were determined using regression method. Twelve "Duroc×Landrance×Large White"castrate male pigs with an initial body weight of( 51.9±1.8) kg were allotted to one crossing-over experiment design in which assigned to 3 diets. There were 3 diets in each experiment consisting of a corn-soybean meal basal diet and 2 test diets. The test diets consisted of each of the 2 full cassava pellet samples that partly replaced the basal diet at 15% or 30%,and the same ratios were maintained for all energy ingredients across all experimental diets. Full cassava pellet intake used as a regression factor,the DE and ME of the test ingredients were determined by the regression method. The results showed as follows: 1) full cassava pellet gross energy value were 15.02 MJ/kg,dry matter content was 88.58%,crude protein content was 2.62%,crude fat content was 0.62%,crude fiber content was 17.66%,ash content was7.97%,and the starch content was 45.16%. 2) The DE of basal diet group was significantly higher than that of30% full cassava pellet replacement diet group( P< 0. 05),but that of 15% full cassava pellet replacement diet group was not significantly different( P > 0.05); the ME of basal diet group was significantly higher than that of30% full cassava pellet replacement diet group( P < 0. 05),but that of 15% full cassava pellet replacement diet group was not significantly different( P>0.05); the DE between 15% and 30% full cassava pellet replacement diet groups for pigs had significant difference( P<0.05); there were no significant difference in ME between 15% and30% full cassava pellet replacement diet groups( P>0.05). 3) As dry matter basis,the regression equations of full cassava pellet intake to DE and ME intake showed below: Y = 0.61+12.50 X( R2= 0.96,CV = 0.17) and Y = 0.16+11.82 X( R2= 0.93,CV = 0.23),respectively. In conclusion,full cassava pellet energy utilization value is low,and the DE and ME for growth pigs are 12.50 and 11.82 MJ/kg DM,respectively. The current study suggestes that the optimal replacement level of full cassava pellet that not affect the DE and ME for pigs is 15% in the diet,meanwhile,need to balance amino acid levels of diets.
The digestible energy( DE),metabolizable energy( ME) of full cassava pellet for growing pigs were determined using regression method. Twelve "Duroc×Landrance×Large White"castrate male pigs with an initial body weight of( 51.9±1.8) kg were allotted to one crossing-over experiment design in which assigned to 3 diets. There were 3 diets in each experiment consisting of a corn-soybean meal basal diet and 2 test diets. The test diets consisted of each of the 2 full cassava pellet samples that partly replaced the basal diet at 15% or 30%,and the same ratios were maintained for all energy ingredients across all experimental diets. Full cassava pellet intake used as a regression factor,the DE and ME of the test ingredients were determined by the regression method. The results showed as follows: 1) full cassava pellet gross energy value were 15.02 MJ/kg,dry matter content was 88.58%,crude protein content was 2.62%,crude fat content was 0.62%,crude fiber content was 17.66%,ash content was7.97%,and the starch content was 45.16%. 2) The DE of basal diet group was significantly higher than that of30% full cassava pellet replacement diet group( P< 0. 05),but that of 15% full cassava pellet replacement diet group was not significantly different( P > 0.05); the ME of basal diet group was significantly higher than that of30% full cassava pellet replacement diet group( P < 0. 05),but that of 15% full cassava pellet replacement diet group was not significantly different( P>0.05); the DE between 15% and 30% full cassava pellet replacement diet groups for pigs had significant difference( P<0.05); there were no significant difference in ME between 15% and30% full cassava pellet replacement diet groups( P>0.05). 3) As dry matter basis,the regression equations of full cassava pellet intake to DE and ME intake showed below: Y = 0.61+12.50 X( R2= 0.96,CV = 0.17) and Y = 0.16+11.82 X( R2= 0.93,CV = 0.23),respectively. In conclusion,full cassava pellet energy utilization value is low,and the DE and ME for growth pigs are 12.50 and 11.82 MJ/kg DM,respectively. The current study suggestes that the optimal replacement level of full cassava pellet that not affect the DE and ME for pigs is 15% in the diet,meanwhile,need to balance amino acid levels of diets.
引文
[1]叶剑秋.木薯种质资源遗传多样性评价与创新利用[D].博士学位论文.海口:海南大学,2014.
[2]黎贞崇.我国非粮生物乙醇产业的回顾与展望[J].广西科学,2017,24(2):196-200.
[3]刘永华.亚热带特色植物生产技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2011.
[4]张旭艳,程宗佳.膨化大豆和木薯在猪饲料中的应用[J].北方牧业,2011(11):11,15.
[5]夏明亮,程璐.木薯营养价值及其在养猪生产中的合理使用[J].饲料博览,2016(6):25-27.
[6]宾石玉,李维姣,孙涛.高蛋白木薯饲料对生长猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响[J].湖南畜牧兽医,2007(5):3-5.
[7]NRC.Nutrient requirements of swine[S].11th ed.Washington,D.C.:National Academy Press,2012.
[8]熊本海,罗清尧,赵峰,等.中国饲料成分及营养价值表(2015年第26版)制订说明[J].中国饲料,2015(21):23-33.
[9]ADEOLA O.Digestion and balance techniques in pigs[M]//LEWIS A J,SOUTHERN L L.Swine nutrition.2nd ed.Washington,D.C.:CRC Press,2001:903-916.
[10]BOLARINWA O A,ADEOLA O.Energy value of wheat,barley,and wheat dried distillers grains with solubles for broiler chickens determined using the regression method[J].Poultry Science,2012,91(8):1928-1935.
[11]ADEOLA O,KONG C.Energy value of distillers dried grains with solubles and oilseed meals for pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2014,92(1):164-170.
[12]KONG C,ADEOLA O.Evaluation of amino Acid and energy utilization in feedstuff for swine and poultry diets[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2014,27(7):917-925.
[13]ADEOLA O,ZHAI H.Metabolizable energy value of dried corn distillers grains and corn distillers grains with solubles for 6-week-old broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2012,91(3):712-718.
[14]熊本海,罗清尧,周正奎,等.中国饲料成分及营养价值表(2017年第28版)制订说明[J].中国饲料,2017(21):31-41.
[15]SAUVANT D,PEREZ J M,TRAN G.Tables of composition and nutritional value of feed materials:pig,poultry,sheep,goats,rabbits,horses,fish[M].Paris:INRA,2004.
[16]吴世林,沈应然,蒋宗勇,等.木薯叶粉和木薯渣对猪营养价值评定[J].广东畜牧兽医科技,1993(1):6-8.
[17]胡忠泽,刘雪峰.木薯渣饲用价值研究[J].安徽技术师范学院学报,2002,16(4):4-6.
[18]唐德富,IJI P,CHOCT M,等.木薯产品营养成分的分析与比较研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2014,41(9):74-80.
[19]吴端钦,张刚,张石蕊,等.木薯渣对生长肥育猪饲用价值的研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2015,42(12):3239-3245.
[20]闫庆祥,李开绵,黄洁,等.调整木薯种植时间的意义及对策[J].中国热带农业,2007(3):16-17.
[21]MORGAN D J,COLE D J A,LEWIS D.Energy values in pig nutrition:Ⅱ.The prediction of energy values from dietary chemical analysis[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1975,84(1):19-27.
[22]KING R H,TAVERNER M R.Prediction of the digestible energy in pig diets from analyses of fibre contents[J].Animal Science,1975,21(3):275-284.
[23]MORGAN C A,WHITTEMORE C T.Energy evaluation of feeds and compounded diets for pigs-a review[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1982,7(4):387-400.
[24]JUST A,JRGENSEN H,FERNNDEZ J A.Prediction of metabolizable energy for pigs on the basis of crude nutrients in the feeds[J].Livestock Production Science,1984,11(1):105-128.
[25]NOBLET J,FORTUNE H,SHI X S,et al.Prediction of net energy value of feeds for growing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,1994,72(2):344-354.
[26]NOBLET J,PEREZ J M.Prediction of digestibility of nutrients and energy values of pig diets from chemical analysis[J].Journal of Animal Science,1993,71(12):3389-3398.
[27]EWAN R C.Predicting the energy utilization of diets and feed ingredients by pigs[M]//VAN DER HONING Y,CLOSE W H.Energy metabolism European association of animal production bulletin No.43.Netherlands:Pudoc Wageningen,1989:271-274.
[28]尧瑞霞,周斌,赵水香,等.12个木薯品种淀粉特性分析[J].中国热带农业,2013(3):57-59.
[29]PARK O J,KANG N E,CHANG M J,et al.Resistant starch supplementation influences blood lipid concentrations and glucose control in overweight subjects[J].Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology,2004,50(2):93-99.
[2]黎贞崇.我国非粮生物乙醇产业的回顾与展望[J].广西科学,2017,24(2):196-200.
[3]刘永华.亚热带特色植物生产技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2011.
[4]张旭艳,程宗佳.膨化大豆和木薯在猪饲料中的应用[J].北方牧业,2011(11):11,15.
[5]夏明亮,程璐.木薯营养价值及其在养猪生产中的合理使用[J].饲料博览,2016(6):25-27.
[6]宾石玉,李维姣,孙涛.高蛋白木薯饲料对生长猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响[J].湖南畜牧兽医,2007(5):3-5.
[7]NRC.Nutrient requirements of swine[S].11th ed.Washington,D.C.:National Academy Press,2012.
[8]熊本海,罗清尧,赵峰,等.中国饲料成分及营养价值表(2015年第26版)制订说明[J].中国饲料,2015(21):23-33.
[9]ADEOLA O.Digestion and balance techniques in pigs[M]//LEWIS A J,SOUTHERN L L.Swine nutrition.2nd ed.Washington,D.C.:CRC Press,2001:903-916.
[10]BOLARINWA O A,ADEOLA O.Energy value of wheat,barley,and wheat dried distillers grains with solubles for broiler chickens determined using the regression method[J].Poultry Science,2012,91(8):1928-1935.
[11]ADEOLA O,KONG C.Energy value of distillers dried grains with solubles and oilseed meals for pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2014,92(1):164-170.
[12]KONG C,ADEOLA O.Evaluation of amino Acid and energy utilization in feedstuff for swine and poultry diets[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2014,27(7):917-925.
[13]ADEOLA O,ZHAI H.Metabolizable energy value of dried corn distillers grains and corn distillers grains with solubles for 6-week-old broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2012,91(3):712-718.
[14]熊本海,罗清尧,周正奎,等.中国饲料成分及营养价值表(2017年第28版)制订说明[J].中国饲料,2017(21):31-41.
[15]SAUVANT D,PEREZ J M,TRAN G.Tables of composition and nutritional value of feed materials:pig,poultry,sheep,goats,rabbits,horses,fish[M].Paris:INRA,2004.
[16]吴世林,沈应然,蒋宗勇,等.木薯叶粉和木薯渣对猪营养价值评定[J].广东畜牧兽医科技,1993(1):6-8.
[17]胡忠泽,刘雪峰.木薯渣饲用价值研究[J].安徽技术师范学院学报,2002,16(4):4-6.
[18]唐德富,IJI P,CHOCT M,等.木薯产品营养成分的分析与比较研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2014,41(9):74-80.
[19]吴端钦,张刚,张石蕊,等.木薯渣对生长肥育猪饲用价值的研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2015,42(12):3239-3245.
[20]闫庆祥,李开绵,黄洁,等.调整木薯种植时间的意义及对策[J].中国热带农业,2007(3):16-17.
[21]MORGAN D J,COLE D J A,LEWIS D.Energy values in pig nutrition:Ⅱ.The prediction of energy values from dietary chemical analysis[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1975,84(1):19-27.
[22]KING R H,TAVERNER M R.Prediction of the digestible energy in pig diets from analyses of fibre contents[J].Animal Science,1975,21(3):275-284.
[23]MORGAN C A,WHITTEMORE C T.Energy evaluation of feeds and compounded diets for pigs-a review[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1982,7(4):387-400.
[24]JUST A,JRGENSEN H,FERNNDEZ J A.Prediction of metabolizable energy for pigs on the basis of crude nutrients in the feeds[J].Livestock Production Science,1984,11(1):105-128.
[25]NOBLET J,FORTUNE H,SHI X S,et al.Prediction of net energy value of feeds for growing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,1994,72(2):344-354.
[26]NOBLET J,PEREZ J M.Prediction of digestibility of nutrients and energy values of pig diets from chemical analysis[J].Journal of Animal Science,1993,71(12):3389-3398.
[27]EWAN R C.Predicting the energy utilization of diets and feed ingredients by pigs[M]//VAN DER HONING Y,CLOSE W H.Energy metabolism European association of animal production bulletin No.43.Netherlands:Pudoc Wageningen,1989:271-274.
[28]尧瑞霞,周斌,赵水香,等.12个木薯品种淀粉特性分析[J].中国热带农业,2013(3):57-59.
[29]PARK O J,KANG N E,CHANG M J,et al.Resistant starch supplementation influences blood lipid concentrations and glucose control in overweight subjects[J].Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology,2004,50(2):93-99.