岩溶地下水系统防污性能评价方法
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摘要
岩溶水系统结构复杂,不同类型岩溶区具有不同的岩溶水文地质特征,其地下水系统防污性能评价必须采用不同指标体系的评价模型。本文在对不同类型岩溶区发育特征分析基础上,分别就现有评价模型在不同类型岩溶区的适应性进行了分析,认为:埋藏型岩溶区可采用专门用于承压含水层防污性能评价的PTHQET模型进行评价,而对于补给区局部裸露的浅埋藏性岩溶区建议采用COP模型进行评价;EPIK模型适用于南方裸露岩溶区;北方裸露型岩溶区因表层岩溶带发育程度弱,亦可采用COP模型进行评价。针对覆盖型岩溶的特殊性,在欧洲模型基础上提出了PLEIK评价模型,评价因子包括保护性盖层(P)、土地类型与利用程度(L)、表层岩溶带发育强度(E)、补给类型(I)和岩溶网络发育情况(K);突出了P(保护性盖层)和L(土地利用类型)两个因子的作用,并赋予各因子比欧洲模型更丰富的内涵,同时采用多种可替代参数确定各因子量值,最后给出了防污性能指数计算方法与分级标准。
Due to the complicated structure of the karst groundwater system, different types of karst areas have different karst hydrological characteristics, and their vulnerability assessment models must adopt different evaluated indicators. Based on an analysis of the development characteristics of different types of karst areas, this paper discussed the applicability of the existing vulnerability assessment models to different types of karst areas. EPIK model can be applied to the bare karst area in South China, whereas COP model to the bare karst area in North China and shallow buried karst area with weak karst surface zone. PTHQE model can be specially applied to the buried karst area. On account of the particularity of covered karst, PLEIK indicators were put forward based on Europian Models. PLEIK model indicators include 5 factors, i.e., protective cover(P), land use(L), epikarst development(E), infiltration conditions(I), and karst network development(K). The model highlights two factors of P and L, and endows factors with more abundant intensions than Europian Models. In addition, several vicarious approaches for establishing the value of each factor are adopted, and the index calculation and classification assessment method are put forward.
Due to the complicated structure of the karst groundwater system, different types of karst areas have different karst hydrological characteristics, and their vulnerability assessment models must adopt different evaluated indicators. Based on an analysis of the development characteristics of different types of karst areas, this paper discussed the applicability of the existing vulnerability assessment models to different types of karst areas. EPIK model can be applied to the bare karst area in South China, whereas COP model to the bare karst area in North China and shallow buried karst area with weak karst surface zone. PTHQE model can be specially applied to the buried karst area. On account of the particularity of covered karst, PLEIK indicators were put forward based on Europian Models. PLEIK model indicators include 5 factors, i.e., protective cover(P), land use(L), epikarst development(E), infiltration conditions(I), and karst network development(K). The model highlights two factors of P and L, and endows factors with more abundant intensions than Europian Models. In addition, several vicarious approaches for establishing the value of each factor are adopted, and the index calculation and classification assessment method are put forward.
引文
付素蓉,王焰新,蔡鹤生,李义连.2000.城市地下水污染敏感性分析[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,25(5):477-481.
蒋忠诚,王瑞江,裴建国,何师意.2001.我国南方表层岩溶带及其对岩溶水的调蓄功能[J].中国岩溶,20(2):106-110.
蒋忠诚,夏日元,时坚,裴建国,何师意,梁彬.2006.西南岩溶地下水资源开发利用效应与潜力分析[J].地球学报,27(5):495-502.
梁永平,王维泰.2010.中国北方岩溶水系统划分与系统特征[J].地球学报,31(6):860-868.
罗炳佳,杨胜元,罗维,杨秀丽.2014.岩溶地下水有机污染特征分析——以贵阳市某加油站为例[J].地球学报,35(2):255-261.
马荣,石建省.2011.模糊因子分析在地下水污染评估中的应用——以河南省洛阳市为例[J].地球学报,32(5):611-622.
孟宪萌,胡宏昌,薛显武.2013.承压含水层脆弱性影响因素分析及评价模型的构建——以山东省济宁市为例[J].自然资源学报,28(9):1615-1622.
孙才志,潘俊.1999.地下水脆弱性的概念、评价方法与研究前景[J].水科学进展,10(4):444-449.
邢立亭,吕华,高赞东,周瑞.2009.岩溶含水层脆弱性评价的COP法及其应用[J].有色金属,61(3):138-141.
严明疆,张光辉,王金哲,聂振龙,申建梅,郝明亮,2009.滹滏平原地下水系统脆弱性最佳地下水水位埋深探讨[J].地球学报,30(2):243-248.
章程,蒋勇军,MICHELE L,王松.2007.岩溶地下水脆弱性评价“二元法”及其在重庆金佛山的应用[J].中国岩溶,26(4):334-340.
张昕,蒋晓东,张龙.2010.地下水脆弱性评价方法与研究进展[J].地质与资源,19(3):253-258.
张翼龙,陈宗宇,曹文庚,李政红,王文中,王丽娟,于娟,刘君.2012.DRASTIC与同位素方法在内蒙古呼和浩特市地下水防污性评价中的应用[J].地球学报,33(5):819-825.
钟佐燊.2005.地下水防污性能评价方法探讨[J].地学前缘,12 (特刊):003-013.
邹胜章.张文慧.梁彬,陈宏峰,梁小平.2005.西南岩溶区表层岩溶带水脆弱性评价指标体系的探讨[J].地学前缘,12 (特刊):152-158.
ALLER L,BENNETT T,LEHR J H,PETTY R J,HACKETT G.1987.DRASTIC:A standardized system for evaluating groundwater pollution potential using hydrogeologic settings[J].EPA-600/2-87-035.
DOERFLIGER N,JENNNNI P Y.ZWAHHN F.1999.Water vulnerability assessment in karst environments:a new method of defining protection areas using a multi-attribute approach and GIS tools(PEIK method)[J].Envionmental Geology,39(2):165 -176,doi:10.1007/s002540050446.
FRANCOIS Z.2003.Vulnerability and risk mapping for the protection of carbonate(karst)aquifers Final Report[R].Luxembourg:Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
FU Su-rong,WANG Yan-xin,CAI He-sheng,LI Yi-lian.2000.Analysis of groundwater vulnerability assessment on city[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,25 (5):477-481(in Chinese with English abstract).
GOGU R C,Dassargues A.2000.Current trends and future challenges in groundwater vulnerability assessment using overlay and index methods[J].Environmental Geology,39(6):549 -559,doi:10.1007/s002540050466.
GOLDSCHEIDER N.2005.Karst groundwater vulnerability mapping:application of a new method in the Swabian Alb,Germany[J].Hydrogeology Journal,(13):555-564,doi:10.1007/s10040-003-0291-3.
HARIS H K,ARINA K,SHANKEEL A,JEROME P 2011.GIS-based impact assessment of land-use changes on groundwater quality:study from a rapidly urbanizing region of South India[J].Environ Earth Science,63:1289-1302.doi:10 .1007/s12665-010-0801-2.
JIANG Zhong-cheng,WANG Rui-jiang,PEI Jian-guo,HE Shi-yi.2001.Epikarst zone in South China and its regulation function to karst water[J].Carsologica Sinica,20(2):106-110(in Chinese with English abstract).
JIANG Zhong-cheng,XIA Ri-yuan,SHI Jian,PEI Jian-guo,HE Shi-yi,LIANG Bin.2006.The Application Effects and Exploitation Capacity of Karst Underground Water Resources in Southwest China[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,27(5):495 -502(in Chinese with English abstract).
LIANG Yong-ping,WANG Wei-tai.2010.The Division and Characteristics of Karst Water Systems in Northern China[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,31(6):860-868(in Chinese with English abstract).
LUO Bing-jia,YANG Sheng-yuan,LUO Wei,YANG Xiu-li.2014.Analysis of Organic Pollution Characteristics of Karst Groundwater:A Case Study of a Gas Station in Guiyang[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,35(2):255-261(in Chinese with English abstract).
MA Rong,SHI Jian-sheng.2011.Assessing Groundwater Pollution Using Fuzzy factor Analysis Method:A Case Study of Luoy-ang City in Henan Province[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,32 (9):611-622(in Chinese with English abstract).
MENG Xian-meng,HU Hong-chang,XUE Xian-wu.2013.Influencing Factors Analysis and Assessment Model of Confined Aquifer Vulnerability in Leakage Area:A Case Study of Jining,China[J].Journal of Natural Resources,28(9):1615-1622(in Chinese with English abstract).
SUN Cai-jun,PAN Jun.1999.Concept and Assessment of Groundwater Vulnerability and Its Future Prospect[J].Advances in Water Science,10(4):444-449(in Chinese with English abstract).
VIAS J M,ANDREO B,PERLES M J,CARRASCO F,VADILLO I,JIMENEZ P.2002.Preliminary proposal of a method for contamination vulnerability mapping in carbonate aquifers[J].Karst and Environment,75-83,doi:10.1007/s10040-006-0023-6.
XING Li-ting,LüHua,GAO Zan-dong,ZHOU Rui.2009.Evaluation of Groundwater Vulnerability in Karst Areas Using COP Method[J].Nonferrous Metals,61(3):138-141(in Chinese with English abstract).
YAN Ming-jiang,ZHANG Guang-hui,WANG Jin-zhe,NIE Zhen-long,SHEN Jian-mei,HAO Ming-liang.2009.Discussion on the Groundwater Depth of the Optimal Groundwater System Vulnerability in Hufu Plain[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,30(2):243-248(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHANG Cheng,JIANG Yong-jun,MICHELE L,WANG Song.2007.Duality method for assessing karst groundwater vulnerability and its application in Jinfo mountain of Chongqing[J].Carsologica Sinica,26(4):334-340(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHANG Xin,JIANG Xiao-dong,ZHANG Long.2010.Methods and research progress of groundwater vulnerability assessment[J].Geology and Resources,19(3):253-258(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHANG Yi-long,CHEN Zong-yu,CAO Wen-geng,LI Zheng-hong,WANG Wen-zhong,WANG Li-juan,YU Juan,LIU Jun.2012.The Application of DRASTIC and Isotope Method to the Evaluation of Groundwater Vulnerability in Hohhot,Inner Mongolia[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,33(5):819-825(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHONG Zuo-shen.2005.A discussion of groundwater vulnerability assessment methods[J].Earth Science Frontiers,12(Sl):003 -013(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZOU Sheng-zhang,ZHANG Wen-hui,LIANG Bin,CHEN Hong-feng,LIANG Xiao-ping.2005.A discussion of the assessment of ground water vulnerability in epikarst zone of the karst area,Southwest China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,(S1):152 -158(in Chinese with English abstract).
蒋忠诚,王瑞江,裴建国,何师意.2001.我国南方表层岩溶带及其对岩溶水的调蓄功能[J].中国岩溶,20(2):106-110.
蒋忠诚,夏日元,时坚,裴建国,何师意,梁彬.2006.西南岩溶地下水资源开发利用效应与潜力分析[J].地球学报,27(5):495-502.
梁永平,王维泰.2010.中国北方岩溶水系统划分与系统特征[J].地球学报,31(6):860-868.
罗炳佳,杨胜元,罗维,杨秀丽.2014.岩溶地下水有机污染特征分析——以贵阳市某加油站为例[J].地球学报,35(2):255-261.
马荣,石建省.2011.模糊因子分析在地下水污染评估中的应用——以河南省洛阳市为例[J].地球学报,32(5):611-622.
孟宪萌,胡宏昌,薛显武.2013.承压含水层脆弱性影响因素分析及评价模型的构建——以山东省济宁市为例[J].自然资源学报,28(9):1615-1622.
孙才志,潘俊.1999.地下水脆弱性的概念、评价方法与研究前景[J].水科学进展,10(4):444-449.
邢立亭,吕华,高赞东,周瑞.2009.岩溶含水层脆弱性评价的COP法及其应用[J].有色金属,61(3):138-141.
严明疆,张光辉,王金哲,聂振龙,申建梅,郝明亮,2009.滹滏平原地下水系统脆弱性最佳地下水水位埋深探讨[J].地球学报,30(2):243-248.
章程,蒋勇军,MICHELE L,王松.2007.岩溶地下水脆弱性评价“二元法”及其在重庆金佛山的应用[J].中国岩溶,26(4):334-340.
张昕,蒋晓东,张龙.2010.地下水脆弱性评价方法与研究进展[J].地质与资源,19(3):253-258.
张翼龙,陈宗宇,曹文庚,李政红,王文中,王丽娟,于娟,刘君.2012.DRASTIC与同位素方法在内蒙古呼和浩特市地下水防污性评价中的应用[J].地球学报,33(5):819-825.
钟佐燊.2005.地下水防污性能评价方法探讨[J].地学前缘,12 (特刊):003-013.
邹胜章.张文慧.梁彬,陈宏峰,梁小平.2005.西南岩溶区表层岩溶带水脆弱性评价指标体系的探讨[J].地学前缘,12 (特刊):152-158.
ALLER L,BENNETT T,LEHR J H,PETTY R J,HACKETT G.1987.DRASTIC:A standardized system for evaluating groundwater pollution potential using hydrogeologic settings[J].EPA-600/2-87-035.
DOERFLIGER N,JENNNNI P Y.ZWAHHN F.1999.Water vulnerability assessment in karst environments:a new method of defining protection areas using a multi-attribute approach and GIS tools(PEIK method)[J].Envionmental Geology,39(2):165 -176,doi:10.1007/s002540050446.
FRANCOIS Z.2003.Vulnerability and risk mapping for the protection of carbonate(karst)aquifers Final Report[R].Luxembourg:Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
FU Su-rong,WANG Yan-xin,CAI He-sheng,LI Yi-lian.2000.Analysis of groundwater vulnerability assessment on city[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,25 (5):477-481(in Chinese with English abstract).
GOGU R C,Dassargues A.2000.Current trends and future challenges in groundwater vulnerability assessment using overlay and index methods[J].Environmental Geology,39(6):549 -559,doi:10.1007/s002540050466.
GOLDSCHEIDER N.2005.Karst groundwater vulnerability mapping:application of a new method in the Swabian Alb,Germany[J].Hydrogeology Journal,(13):555-564,doi:10.1007/s10040-003-0291-3.
HARIS H K,ARINA K,SHANKEEL A,JEROME P 2011.GIS-based impact assessment of land-use changes on groundwater quality:study from a rapidly urbanizing region of South India[J].Environ Earth Science,63:1289-1302.doi:10 .1007/s12665-010-0801-2.
JIANG Zhong-cheng,WANG Rui-jiang,PEI Jian-guo,HE Shi-yi.2001.Epikarst zone in South China and its regulation function to karst water[J].Carsologica Sinica,20(2):106-110(in Chinese with English abstract).
JIANG Zhong-cheng,XIA Ri-yuan,SHI Jian,PEI Jian-guo,HE Shi-yi,LIANG Bin.2006.The Application Effects and Exploitation Capacity of Karst Underground Water Resources in Southwest China[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,27(5):495 -502(in Chinese with English abstract).
LIANG Yong-ping,WANG Wei-tai.2010.The Division and Characteristics of Karst Water Systems in Northern China[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,31(6):860-868(in Chinese with English abstract).
LUO Bing-jia,YANG Sheng-yuan,LUO Wei,YANG Xiu-li.2014.Analysis of Organic Pollution Characteristics of Karst Groundwater:A Case Study of a Gas Station in Guiyang[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,35(2):255-261(in Chinese with English abstract).
MA Rong,SHI Jian-sheng.2011.Assessing Groundwater Pollution Using Fuzzy factor Analysis Method:A Case Study of Luoy-ang City in Henan Province[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,32 (9):611-622(in Chinese with English abstract).
MENG Xian-meng,HU Hong-chang,XUE Xian-wu.2013.Influencing Factors Analysis and Assessment Model of Confined Aquifer Vulnerability in Leakage Area:A Case Study of Jining,China[J].Journal of Natural Resources,28(9):1615-1622(in Chinese with English abstract).
SUN Cai-jun,PAN Jun.1999.Concept and Assessment of Groundwater Vulnerability and Its Future Prospect[J].Advances in Water Science,10(4):444-449(in Chinese with English abstract).
VIAS J M,ANDREO B,PERLES M J,CARRASCO F,VADILLO I,JIMENEZ P.2002.Preliminary proposal of a method for contamination vulnerability mapping in carbonate aquifers[J].Karst and Environment,75-83,doi:10.1007/s10040-006-0023-6.
XING Li-ting,LüHua,GAO Zan-dong,ZHOU Rui.2009.Evaluation of Groundwater Vulnerability in Karst Areas Using COP Method[J].Nonferrous Metals,61(3):138-141(in Chinese with English abstract).
YAN Ming-jiang,ZHANG Guang-hui,WANG Jin-zhe,NIE Zhen-long,SHEN Jian-mei,HAO Ming-liang.2009.Discussion on the Groundwater Depth of the Optimal Groundwater System Vulnerability in Hufu Plain[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,30(2):243-248(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHANG Cheng,JIANG Yong-jun,MICHELE L,WANG Song.2007.Duality method for assessing karst groundwater vulnerability and its application in Jinfo mountain of Chongqing[J].Carsologica Sinica,26(4):334-340(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHANG Xin,JIANG Xiao-dong,ZHANG Long.2010.Methods and research progress of groundwater vulnerability assessment[J].Geology and Resources,19(3):253-258(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHANG Yi-long,CHEN Zong-yu,CAO Wen-geng,LI Zheng-hong,WANG Wen-zhong,WANG Li-juan,YU Juan,LIU Jun.2012.The Application of DRASTIC and Isotope Method to the Evaluation of Groundwater Vulnerability in Hohhot,Inner Mongolia[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,33(5):819-825(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHONG Zuo-shen.2005.A discussion of groundwater vulnerability assessment methods[J].Earth Science Frontiers,12(Sl):003 -013(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZOU Sheng-zhang,ZHANG Wen-hui,LIANG Bin,CHEN Hong-feng,LIANG Xiao-ping.2005.A discussion of the assessment of ground water vulnerability in epikarst zone of the karst area,Southwest China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,(S1):152 -158(in Chinese with English abstract).