柴西地区基岩油藏形成的石油地质条件分析
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摘要
柴达木盆地基岩风化壳油藏普遍发育,在昆北等区已形成油田。然而,目前对基岩油藏的成藏背景认识不清,制约了勘探步伐。利用钻井、测井、试油和分析化验等资料对基岩油藏基本特征及成藏条件进行分析,认为该区油藏是受岩性及构造多重因素控制的复合油藏,成藏需紧邻富烃凹陷、具有良好的储盖组合和油源断裂3个基本条件。通过油藏解剖发现,基岩油藏属于源外次生成藏,根据油气侧向运移方式、远近不同建立2种成藏模式:1油源断裂+裂缝输导的近源成藏模式;2油源断裂+不整合面侧向运移+次级断裂辅助运移的远源成藏模式。研究以期对柴达木盆地基岩风化壳油气藏的勘探提供地质理论依据。
Oil reservoirs in top of weathering crust are widespread in Qaidam Basin,which have formed oilfield in areas such as Kunbei.However,the formation background of basement oil pools is unclear,which restricts the pace of exploration.This paper analyzed the basic characteristics and formation conditions of basement oil pools by using well drilling,earthquake,oil production testing and chemical analysis data.The bedrock reservoirs are mostly the composite reservoirs which are controlled by lithology and tectonic in western Qaidam Basin.There are three basic conditions which control the formation of oil pool,i.e.,close to the hydrocarbon-enriched depression,good reservoir-sealing assemblage,and oil-migrating fault which connects the source and reservoir providing mainly longitudinal channel system to form reservoirs.According to oil reservoir analysis,the oil reservoir in bedrock belongs to external source secondary reservoir.Therefore,two reservoir formation models are established according to the oil migration mode and distance,near-source box-type gas accumulation model which includes oil-migratingfault and fracture migration and far-source box-type gas accumulation model which includes oil-migrating fault,lateral migration on the unconformity surface and secondary fault migration.The aim of this research is to provide geological theory basis for exploration of the oil reservoirs of bedrock in western Qaidam Basin.
Oil reservoirs in top of weathering crust are widespread in Qaidam Basin,which have formed oilfield in areas such as Kunbei.However,the formation background of basement oil pools is unclear,which restricts the pace of exploration.This paper analyzed the basic characteristics and formation conditions of basement oil pools by using well drilling,earthquake,oil production testing and chemical analysis data.The bedrock reservoirs are mostly the composite reservoirs which are controlled by lithology and tectonic in western Qaidam Basin.There are three basic conditions which control the formation of oil pool,i.e.,close to the hydrocarbon-enriched depression,good reservoir-sealing assemblage,and oil-migrating fault which connects the source and reservoir providing mainly longitudinal channel system to form reservoirs.According to oil reservoir analysis,the oil reservoir in bedrock belongs to external source secondary reservoir.Therefore,two reservoir formation models are established according to the oil migration mode and distance,near-source box-type gas accumulation model which includes oil-migratingfault and fracture migration and far-source box-type gas accumulation model which includes oil-migrating fault,lateral migration on the unconformity surface and secondary fault migration.The aim of this research is to provide geological theory basis for exploration of the oil reservoirs of bedrock in western Qaidam Basin.
引文
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[2]Ma Long,Liu Quanxin,Zhang Jinglian,et al.A discussion of exploration potentials of basement hydrocarbon reservoir[J].Natural Gas Industry,2006,26(1):8-11.[马龙,刘全新,张景廉,等.论基岩油气藏的勘探前景[J].天然气工业,2006,26(1):8-11.]
[3]Xie Gongjian.Occurrence of the oil pool in the metamorphosed basement in Yaerxia in the western part of the Jiuquan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1981,2(3):23-30.[谢恭俭.酒泉盆地西部鸭儿峡变质基岩油藏的形成条件[J].石油学报,1981,2(3):23-30.]
[4]Qin Weijun,Guo Jinrui.Oil and gas exploration field in rift stratum in the south of the Songliao Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2010,32(4):326-329.[秦伟军,郭金瑞.松辽盆地南部断陷层油气勘探领域[J].石油实验地质,2010,32(4):326-329.]
[5]Pan Jianguo,Hao Fang,Zhang Huquan,et al.Formation of granite and volcanic rock reservoirs and their accumulation model[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2007,18(3):380-385.[潘建国,郝芳,张虎权,等.花岗岩和火山岩油气藏的形成及其勘探潜力[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(3):380-385.]
[6]Xiao Shurong,Zhang Yueming.Fractured reservoirs of buried-hill basement in Liaohe Basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas:Geology,2000,14(2):108-111.[肖淑蓉,张跃明.辽河盆地基岩潜山油藏裂缝型储层特征[J].中国海上油气:地质,2000,14(2):108-111.]
[7]Wang Yongjun,Zhang Baomin,Wang Zhengjun,et al.Geological characteristics of ordovician buried hill and main factors of oil/gas accumulation in Nanpu Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2012,23(1):51-59.[王拥军,张宝民,王政军,等.渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷奥陶系潜山油气地质特征与成藏主控因素[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(1):51-59.]
[8]Cheng Xuefeng.A study on petroleum accumulation in basement reservoir,Biyang Sag[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2006,27(3):294-298.[程学峰.泌阳凹陷基岩油气成藏条件分析[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(3):294-298.]
[9]Xiao Jun,Wang Hua,Ma Lijuan,et al.Characteristics of buried hill oil pool of W61area in Weixtnan Depression,Beibu gulf Basin[J].Journal of Xinjiang Petroleum Institute,2003,15(4):30-37.[肖军,王华,马丽娟,等.北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷W61潜山油气成藏条件分析[J].新疆石油学院学报,2003,15(4):30-37.]
[10]Cao Zhenglin,Sun Xiujian,Wang Liqun,et al.The gas accumulation conditions of Dongping-Niudong slope area in front of Aerjin Mountain of Qaidam Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(6):1125-1131.[曹正林,孙秀建,汪立群,等.柴达木盆地阿尔金山前东坪—牛东斜坡带天然气成藏条件[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(6):1125-1131.]
[11]Wu Youjia,Lui Dalin.Reservoir type and characterization of metamorphic and volcanic rock of china[J].Journal of South West Petroleum Institute,2004,26(1):1-4.[伍友佳,刘达林.中国变质岩火山岩油气藏类型及特征[J].西南石油学院学报,2004,26(1):1-4.]
[12]Fu Suotang,Guan Ping,Zhang Daowei.Consideration about recent oil and gas exploration of Qaidam Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2012,23(5):813-819.[付锁堂,关平,张道伟.柴达木盆地近期勘探工作思考[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(5):813-819.]
[13]Yuan Jianying,Chen Qilin,Chen Yingbin,et al.Petroleum geological character and favorable exploration domains of Qaidam Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2006,17(5):640-644.[袁剑英,陈启林,陈迎宾,等.柴达木盆地油气地质特征与有利勘探领域[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(5):640-644.]
[14]Zhai Guangming,Xu Fengyin.A reconsideration of Qaidam Basin for a great breakthrough in oil and natural gas exploration[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1997,18(2):1-7.[翟光明,徐凤银.重新认识柴达木盆地力争油气勘探获得新突破[J].石油学报,1997,18(2):1-7.]
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[19]Huang Hanchun,Huang Qinghua,Ma Yinsheng.Geology and Petroleum Prediction in Qaidam Basin[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1996.[黄汉纯,黄庆华,马寅生.柴达木盆地地质与油气预测[M].北京:地质出版社,1996.]
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