一次寒潮天气过程对深圳沿海地区的局地性影响分析
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摘要
以梧桐山山脉为分界点,利用山顶及其东西两侧区域自动站探测的常规分钟气象观测资料和香港海表温度观测资料,对2016年1月21—24日广东珠三角地区寒潮过程对深圳沿海地区的局地性天气影响进行分析。结果表明:(1)气温:山顶>西侧>东侧。(2)气压:强冷空气入侵期间,海平面气压48 h内升高20.6 h Pa,同时东西侧站点海平面气压差有明显日变化,夜间气压差大,白天(尤其午后)气压差减小。(3)风速:可能由于山风和陆风叠加效应,北风阵风达到32.1 m/s(11级),并且东侧>山顶>西侧,这种局地性天气与台风天气过程的风力分布有明显的差异。
Setting the Wutong Mountains as the demarcation point,we studied the local weather influence of a cold wave process that happened on January 21~24,2016 in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong using the minute-based observations from automatic weather stations on top of the mountain and in the areas to both its east and west as well as sea surface temperature of Hong Kong.The results are shown as follows.1) For air temperature,it was highest at the mountain top,followed by the west side and east side in turn.2) For air pressure,sea surface pressure rose by 20.6 h Pa within 48 h during the visit of the severe cold air,and it also showed significant diurnal variation on both sides,large nighttime variation and small daytime(especially after midday) variation.3) For wind speed,the gust of northerly wind is as high as 32.1 m/s(at Beaufort scale 11) with the strength being the greatest in the east side,followed in turn by the mountain top and the west side,possibly due to the effect of mountain-valley breeze superimposed with land breeze.The distribution of such localized weather differs much from that of typhoon-related weather.
Setting the Wutong Mountains as the demarcation point,we studied the local weather influence of a cold wave process that happened on January 21~24,2016 in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong using the minute-based observations from automatic weather stations on top of the mountain and in the areas to both its east and west as well as sea surface temperature of Hong Kong.The results are shown as follows.1) For air temperature,it was highest at the mountain top,followed by the west side and east side in turn.2) For air pressure,sea surface pressure rose by 20.6 h Pa within 48 h during the visit of the severe cold air,and it also showed significant diurnal variation on both sides,large nighttime variation and small daytime(especially after midday) variation.3) For wind speed,the gust of northerly wind is as high as 32.1 m/s(at Beaufort scale 11) with the strength being the greatest in the east side,followed in turn by the mountain top and the west side,possibly due to the effect of mountain-valley breeze superimposed with land breeze.The distribution of such localized weather differs much from that of typhoon-related weather.
引文
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[2]陈豫英,陈楠,聂金鑫,等.2011年3月宁夏一次寒潮天气过程诊断[J].干旱气象,2012,30(1):88-93.
[3]张艳梅,张普宇,顾欣,等.贵州高原寒潮灾害的气候特征分析[J].中国农业气象,2010,31(1):151-154.
[4]姚永明,姚雷,邓伟涛.长江中下游地区类寒潮发生频次的变化特征分析[J].气象,2011,37(3):339-344.
[5]刘宪锋,朱秀芳,潘耀忠,等.近53年内蒙古寒潮时空变化特征及其影响因素[J].地理学报,2014,69(7):1013-1024.
[6]张培忠,陈光明.影响中国寒潮冷高压的统计研究[J].气象学报,1999,57(4):494-501.
[7]林巧美,陈映强,任文斌,等.2016年粤东一次寒潮天气过程及浅海养殖灾情分析[J].广东气象,2017,39(2):7-11.
[8]张立凤,张铭,林宏源.珠江口地区海陆风系的研究[J].大气科学,1999,23(5):581-589.