东山乌礁湾海滩表层沉积物粒度时空变化分析
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摘要
为了进一步了解海岛岬湾海岸表层沉积物粒度的时空分布特征和形成机制,作者以福建东山岛乌礁湾为典型研究区,通过秋、春、夏3个不同季节海滩表层沉积物的采集和点位测量,综合应用激光法和筛析法进行粒度测定。结果表明,东山乌礁湾海滩表层沉积物以0.16～0.50 mm之间的中、细砂为主,并含有少量的粗砂和细砾,这与区域砂质沉积背景有关;湾内从南到北剖面沉积物粒径由粗砂到细砂逐渐变细,主要受剖面地形、局地物源、季节性风浪作用和近岸往复水动力的影响。时间变化上,各取样站位表现出沉积物粒径粗、细不同程度的多种变化趋势,以秋季为参考,整体上表现为由南到北粒级的变小、增大和稳定,这与东北、南南西季风影响下的浪、潮作用以及沿岸流系格局变化下的水动力环境有关。
In order to further understand the spatial and temporal grain size distribution of surface sediments in a cape-bay coastal environment, Wujiao Bay, Dongshan Island, Fujian province was studied as a representative area. Surface sediment samples were collected during October 2013(autumn), February 2014(spring), and July 2014(summer). Sediment grain size was analyzed using a Mastersizer 2000 laser particle size analyzer and a sieve method. Sampling position and profile altitude were measured using a GPS. Results showed that sandy sediments(0.16–0.500 mm) were the dominant particles. Moreover, a small quantity of coarse sand or fine gravel existed, which was in agreement with the sandy sedimentary environment. From south to north, the sediments gradually changed from coarse to fine sand, and the grain size distribution tended to be smaller. This may be caused by the cape-bay coastal geomorphology, dynamic effects of wind and waves, and local sediment provenance. Seasonal variation of sediment grain sizes at each sampling point changed complicatedly with different degree. In general, grain sizes changed from smaller to larger and were more stable from south to north along the Wujiao Bay coastline, compared with sediments from autumn 2013. This may be due to different marine hydrodynamics during different seasons or due to the effects of the NE and SSW monsoon, wave, tide, and current systems.
In order to further understand the spatial and temporal grain size distribution of surface sediments in a cape-bay coastal environment, Wujiao Bay, Dongshan Island, Fujian province was studied as a representative area. Surface sediment samples were collected during October 2013(autumn), February 2014(spring), and July 2014(summer). Sediment grain size was analyzed using a Mastersizer 2000 laser particle size analyzer and a sieve method. Sampling position and profile altitude were measured using a GPS. Results showed that sandy sediments(0.16–0.500 mm) were the dominant particles. Moreover, a small quantity of coarse sand or fine gravel existed, which was in agreement with the sandy sedimentary environment. From south to north, the sediments gradually changed from coarse to fine sand, and the grain size distribution tended to be smaller. This may be caused by the cape-bay coastal geomorphology, dynamic effects of wind and waves, and local sediment provenance. Seasonal variation of sediment grain sizes at each sampling point changed complicatedly with different degree. In general, grain sizes changed from smaller to larger and were more stable from south to north along the Wujiao Bay coastline, compared with sediments from autumn 2013. This may be due to different marine hydrodynamics during different seasons or due to the effects of the NE and SSW monsoon, wave, tide, and current systems.
引文
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[19]蔡锋,苏贤泽,曹惠美,等.华南砂质海滩的动力地貌分析[J].海洋学报,2005,27(2):106-114.Cai Feng,Su Xianze,Cao Huimei,et al.Analysis on morphodynamics of sandy beaches in South China[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2005,27(2):106-114.
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[22]万小芳,潘爱军,郭小钢,等.台湾海峡西侧水动力环境的季节变化特征[J].应用海洋学学报,2013,32(2):156-163.Wan Xiaofang,Pan Aijun,Guo Xiaogang,et al.Seasonal variation features of the hydrodynamic environment in the western Taiwan Strait[J].Journal of Applied Oceanography,2013,32(2):156-163.
[23]汪亚平,高抒,贾建军.浪流联合作用下潮滩沉积动力过程的高分辨率数据采集与分析[J].科学通报,2006,51(3):338-348.Wang Yaping,Gao Shu,Jia Jianjun.High-resolution data collection for analysis of sediment dynamic process associated with combined current-wave action over intertidal flats[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2006,51(3):338-348.
[2]范恩梅,陈沈良,张国安.连云港近岸海域沉积物特征与沉积环境[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(2):33-40.Fan Enmei,Chen Shenliang,Zhang Guoan.Sediment characteristics and sedimentary environment in Lianyungang coastal waters[J].Arine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2009,29(2):33-40.
[3]田姗姗,张富元,阎丽妮,等.东海西南陆架表层沉积物粒度分布特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(5):13-20.Tian Shanshan,Zhang Fuyuan,Yan Lini,et al.Distribution characteristics of granularities of surface sediments in the southwestern shelf of the East China Sea[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2009,29(5):13-20.
[4]王敏京,徐军,冉娟,等.海南岛西南部砂质岸滩沉积特征[J].海洋通报,2011,30(1):60-64.Wang Minjing,Xu Jun,Ran Juan,et al.Sediment characteristics of southwest beach of Hainan Island[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2011,30(1):60-64.
[5]方建勇,陈坚,王爱军,等.台湾海峡表层沉积物的粒度和碎屑物分布特征[J].海洋学报,2012,34(5):91-99.Fang Jianyong,Chen Jian,Wang Aijun,et al.The distribution characteristics of grain size and mineral of surface sediment in the Taiwan Strait[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2012,34(5):91-99.
[6]张晓东,翟世奎,许淑梅.端元分析模型在长江口邻近海域沉积物粒度数据反演方面的应用[J].海洋学报,2006,28(4):159-166.Zhang Xiaodong,Zai Shikui,Xu Shumei.The application of grain size endmember modeling to the shelf near the estuary of Changjiang River in China[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2006,28(4):159-166.
[7]刘付程,张存勇,彭俊.海州湾表层沉积物粒度的空间变异特征[J].海洋科学,2010,34(7):54-58.Liu Fucheng,Zhang Cunyong,Peng Jun.Characteristics of spatial variability of sediment grain size in the Haizhou Bay[J].Marine Sciences,2010,34(7):54-58.
[8]石学法.中国近海海洋—海洋底质[M].北京:海洋出版社,2012.Shi Xuefa.Marine sediments[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,2012.
[9]Folk R L,Ward W C.Brazos River bar:a study in the significance of grain size parameters[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1957,27:3-26.
[10]国家海洋局908专项办公室.海洋底质调查技术规程[S].北京:海洋出版社,2006.908 special project office of State Oceanic Administration.Investigation technical specification of marine sediment[S].Beijing:Ocean Press,2006.
[11]曹惠美,蔡锋,苏贤泽.华南沿海若干砂质海滩沉积物粒度特征的分析[J].海洋通报,2005,24(4):36-45.Cao Huimei,Cai Feng,Su Xianze.Analysis on grain size characteristics of sediments on some sandy beaches along the coast in South China[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2005,24(4):36-45.
[12]王刚,马启敏.山东龙口港口区表层沉积物的粒度分析[J].海岸工程,2009,28(3):12-19.Wang Gang,Ma Qimin.Grain size analysis of surface sediments from Longkou Harbour area in Shandong[J].Coastal Engineering,2009,28(3):12-19.
[13]王伟,李安春,徐方建,等.北黄海表层沉积物粒度分布特征及其沉积环境分析[J].海洋与湖沼,2009,40(5):525-531.Wang Wei,Li Anchun,Xu Fangjian,et al.Distribution of surface sediments and sedimentary environment in the north Yellow Sea[J].Oceanlologia Et Limnologia Sinica,2009,40(5):525-531.
[14]侯景儒,尹镇南,李维明.实用地质统计学[M].北京:地质出版社,1998.Hou Jingru,Yin Zhennan,Li Weiming.Practical geostatistics[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1998.
[15]杨顺良,骆惠中,梁红星.东山岛以东近岸海域水下沙丘及其环境[J].台湾海峡,1996,15(4):324-330.Yang Shunliang,Luo Huizhong,Liang Hongxing.Submarine dunes and their sedimentary environment of eastern sea area of Dongshan Island,Fujian[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,1996,15(4):324-330.
[16]夏法,陈家杰.福建东山岛的若干地质地貌问题[J].华南地震,1986,6(3):44-53.Xia Fa,Chen Jiajie.Some geological and geomorphological issues of Dongshan Island,Fujian[J].South China Journal of Seismology,1986,6(3):44-53.
[17]黄建东,洪华生,彭荔红,等.厦门胡里山西侧海滩沉积物粒度特征分析[J].台湾海峡,1995,14(4):348-355.Huang Jiandong,Hong Huasheng,Peng Lihong,et al.Analysis of grain size characteristics in beach sediment south Xiamen Island[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,1995,14(4):348-355.
[18]曹惠美,蔡锋,苏贤泽.华南海滩剖面沉积物粒度特征影响因子分析[J].台湾海峡,2010,29(1):73-80.Cao Huimei,Cai Feng,Su Xianze.Analysis of factors impacting the granulometric character on the beach profile of South China coast[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,2010,29(1):73-80.
[19]蔡锋,苏贤泽,曹惠美,等.华南砂质海滩的动力地貌分析[J].海洋学报,2005,27(2):106-114.Cai Feng,Su Xianze,Cao Huimei,et al.Analysis on morphodynamics of sandy beaches in South China[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2005,27(2):106-114.
[20]夏东兴.海岸带地貌环境及其演化[M].北京:海洋出版社,2009.Xia Dongxing.Environment and evolution of coastal geomorphology[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,2009.
[21]苏纪兰.中国近海的环流动力机制研究[J].海洋学报,2001,23(4):1-16.Su Jilan.A review of circulation dynamics of the coastal oceans near China[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2001,23(4):1-16.
[22]万小芳,潘爱军,郭小钢,等.台湾海峡西侧水动力环境的季节变化特征[J].应用海洋学学报,2013,32(2):156-163.Wan Xiaofang,Pan Aijun,Guo Xiaogang,et al.Seasonal variation features of the hydrodynamic environment in the western Taiwan Strait[J].Journal of Applied Oceanography,2013,32(2):156-163.
[23]汪亚平,高抒,贾建军.浪流联合作用下潮滩沉积动力过程的高分辨率数据采集与分析[J].科学通报,2006,51(3):338-348.Wang Yaping,Gao Shu,Jia Jianjun.High-resolution data collection for analysis of sediment dynamic process associated with combined current-wave action over intertidal flats[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2006,51(3):338-348.