山区路侧土壤-油菜系统重金属来源及关联特征
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摘要
以安顺市至龙天村部分路段位置为基准,选取不同坡度采集距路侧不同距离、高度的油菜及表层土壤样品,测试了各样品中Cu、Pb、Cd、Cr、Zn、Ni、Hg、As元素含量,分析了路侧油菜与土壤中重金属的可能来源、分布规律及表层土壤组成的差异。结果表明:道路截面灰尘有机质含量较高;油菜土壤质地粗细不一,侵入类型以砾石、生活垃圾为主;表层土Cd的Igeo值最高为6.94,属极重污染,Cr、Pb属轻污染;油菜重金属Cd、Cr主要来源地质背景,Pb、Zn、Ni主要受非点源污染源路线影响,Hg、As、Cu与地质背景和人为活动有关;油菜组织重金属含量最大值主要集中在路侧10m内,叶、茎、根中Cr、Cd超标极其严重,分别为:14.49、12.96、15.54倍,35.13、9.54、19.72倍;5m处油菜叶、茎、根对As、Hg、Cr、Pb、Zn、Ni、Cu的富集能力远高于10 m、30 m处。
Rapes and corresponding surface soil samples from different locations with different roadside distances in partial position as reference of the road between Anshun City and Longtian Village were collected. The contents of heavy metals including Cu, Pb, Cd,Cr, Zn, Ni, Hg and As in the samples were analyzed. The possible sources and distribution regulations of the heavy metals and the differences of surface soil composition were studied. The results show that the organic matter content is very high in road section dusts;the particle sizes of the rape soil texture are different, and the types of the invasions are dominated by gravels and domestic wastes.The highest Igeo value of the surface soil Cd is 6.94, belonging to heavy pollution, while the Cr and Pb are in slight pollution. The main source of heavy metal Cd and Cr in the rapes is geological background, and the Pb, Zn, Ni are mainly affected by non point source pollution sources and Hg, As, Cu are related to the geological background and human activities. The maximum value of the heavy metal in the rapes is mainly concentrated within 10 m of the roadside. The contents of Cr, Cd in the leaves, stems, roots respectively are 14.49, 12.96, 15.54 times and 35.13, 9.54, 19.72 times, which exceed the standard extremely serious of rape. The enrichment ability of leaves, stems, roots in 5 m is maximum and geometric multiple higher than those in 10 m or 30 m.
Rapes and corresponding surface soil samples from different locations with different roadside distances in partial position as reference of the road between Anshun City and Longtian Village were collected. The contents of heavy metals including Cu, Pb, Cd,Cr, Zn, Ni, Hg and As in the samples were analyzed. The possible sources and distribution regulations of the heavy metals and the differences of surface soil composition were studied. The results show that the organic matter content is very high in road section dusts;the particle sizes of the rape soil texture are different, and the types of the invasions are dominated by gravels and domestic wastes.The highest Igeo value of the surface soil Cd is 6.94, belonging to heavy pollution, while the Cr and Pb are in slight pollution. The main source of heavy metal Cd and Cr in the rapes is geological background, and the Pb, Zn, Ni are mainly affected by non point source pollution sources and Hg, As, Cu are related to the geological background and human activities. The maximum value of the heavy metal in the rapes is mainly concentrated within 10 m of the roadside. The contents of Cr, Cd in the leaves, stems, roots respectively are 14.49, 12.96, 15.54 times and 35.13, 9.54, 19.72 times, which exceed the standard extremely serious of rape. The enrichment ability of leaves, stems, roots in 5 m is maximum and geometric multiple higher than those in 10 m or 30 m.
引文
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[20]刘世全,张世熔,伍钧,等.土壤pH与碳酸钙含量的关系[J].土壤,2002,5:279-282,288.
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[22]余海龙,顾卫.太原市绕城高速公路路域土壤特性与重金属污染评价研究[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(3):49-52,58.
[23]王冠星,闫学东,张凡,等.青藏高原路侧土壤重金属含量分布规律及影响因素研究[J].环境科学学报,2014,2(34):431-438.
[24]聂存庆.高海拔地区汽车排放特性研究[J].科学之友,2012,12(17):141-144.
[25]孙清斌,尹春芹,邓金锋,等.大冶矿区周边农田土壤和油菜重金属污染特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(1):85-91.
[2]蔡卓平,段舜山,朱红惠.海洋微藻对重金属镉胁迫的抗氧化应激适应性[J].生态科学,2012,31(5):591-595.
[3]钱鹏,郑祥民,周立旻,等.312国道沿线土壤、灰尘重金属污染现状及影响因素[J].环境化学,2010,29(6):1139-1146.
[4]STENSTROM M K,LAU S,LEE H,et al.First flush storm water runoff from highways[C].Orlando,Florida:ASCE,2001.
[5]李贺,张雪,高海鹰,等.高速公路路面雨水径流污染特征分析[J].中国环境科学,2008,28(11):1037-1041.
[6]唐荣莉,马克明,张育新,等.北京市道路灰尘中污染物含量沿城乡梯度、道路密度梯度的变化特征[J].环境科学,2013,34(1):364-372.
[7]蔡卓平,段舜山.微藻对污水中重金属的生物吸附(英文)[J].生态科学,2008,27(6):499-505.
[8]吴迪,杨秀珍,李存雄,等.贵州典型铅锌矿区水稻土壤和水稻中重金属含量及健康风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(10):1992-1998.
[9]张一修,王济,秦樊鑫,等.贵阳市道路灰尘和土壤重金属来源识别比较[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(1):204-212.
[10]卫宝立.高速公路路面颗粒物特性及与路面径流污染相关性研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2012.
[11]闫军,叶芝祥,闫琰,等.成雅高速公路两侧大气颗粒物中重金属分布规律研究[J].四川环境,2008,27(1):19-26.
[12]SAEEDI M.Assessment of heavy metals contamination and leaching characteristics in highway side soils,Iran[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2009,151:321-241.
[13]邵莉,肖化云,李南,等.高速公路沿线路面灰尘及土壤中重金属污染特征研究[J].地球与环境,2013,(41):661-668.
[14]郁建桥,温丽,王霞,等.京沪高速公路两侧土壤重金属污染状况的研究[J].生命科学仪器,2008,6(8):58-60.
[15]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1999:305-336.
[16]FRSTNER U,AHLF W,CALMANO W.Sediment quality objectives and criteria development in Germany[J].Water Science and Technology,1993,28(8/9):307-316.
[17]滕彦国,庹先国,倪师军,等.应用地质累积指数评价沉积物中重金属污染:选择地球化学背景的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2002,25(2):7-10.
[18]刘志彦,田耀武,陈桂珠.矿区周围稻米重金属积累及健康风险分析[J].生态与农村环境学报,2010,26(1):35-40.
[19]陈同斌,宋波,郑袁明,等.北京市蔬菜和菜地土壤砷含量及其健康风险分析[J].地理学报,2006,61(3):297-310.
[20]刘世全,张世熔,伍钧,等.土壤pH与碳酸钙含量的关系[J].土壤,2002,5:279-282,288.
[21]和博.石灰对土壤的影响研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2010.
[22]余海龙,顾卫.太原市绕城高速公路路域土壤特性与重金属污染评价研究[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(3):49-52,58.
[23]王冠星,闫学东,张凡,等.青藏高原路侧土壤重金属含量分布规律及影响因素研究[J].环境科学学报,2014,2(34):431-438.
[24]聂存庆.高海拔地区汽车排放特性研究[J].科学之友,2012,12(17):141-144.
[25]孙清斌,尹春芹,邓金锋,等.大冶矿区周边农田土壤和油菜重金属污染特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(1):85-91.