青海共和盆地风况及风沙地貌
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摘要
利用共和盆地茶卡、共和、贵南站2012—2015年的风资料,分析盆地风向、风速和输沙势的变化特征,并结合Google Earth高清影像,对盆地风能环境与风沙地貌进行探讨。结果表明:(1)盆地年平均风速1.6~2.7m·s~(-1),西北部、中部和东南部年起沙风出现的频率分别为7.7%、3.5%、0.9%,起沙风主要发生在冬、春季,风向以WNW和W为主。(2)盆地属于低风能环境,风沙活动自西北部向东南部减弱,方向变率指数0.7~0.96,风况为窄单峰或宽单峰风况,西北部和中部风向变率属于低变率,东南部属于中等变率,合成输沙方向较一致,为281.0°~286.7°。(3)盆地沙丘类型有新月形沙丘(链)、格状沙丘、复合型链状沙丘、沙山、沙垄、抛物线沙丘等,沙丘类型和风况较吻合。
Based on the wind data collected from automatic meteorological stations of Chaka,Gonghe and Guinan in the Gonghe Basin,this paper analyzed the variation characteristics of wind speed,wind direction and sand drift potential.Combining with high resolution images of Google Earth,the relationship between wind regime and aeolian geomorphology is discussed.The results are as follows:(1)The annual mean wind speed ranges in 1.6-2.7 m·s~(-1) in the Gonghe Basin.The frequency of threshold wind in northwest region,middle region and southeast region were 7.7%,3.5% and 0.9%,respectively.The threshold wind mainly occurs in the winter and spring.Its direction is mainly WNW and W.(2)The wind energy is low.The sand activity weakens from northwest to southeast in the Gonghe Basin.The wind direction variability ranges in 0.7-0.96,and wind regime is narrow unimodal or wide unimodal.The wind direction variability belongs to high ratio in northwest region and middle region,but in southeast region,it belongs to intermediate.RDP is almost the same,and its value ranges in 281°-287.1°.(3)Dune field patterns conclude barchans dunes,reticulate dunes,compound dunes chain,mega dunes,longitudinal dunes and parabolic dunes etc.That fits well with wind regime in the Gonghe Basin.
Based on the wind data collected from automatic meteorological stations of Chaka,Gonghe and Guinan in the Gonghe Basin,this paper analyzed the variation characteristics of wind speed,wind direction and sand drift potential.Combining with high resolution images of Google Earth,the relationship between wind regime and aeolian geomorphology is discussed.The results are as follows:(1)The annual mean wind speed ranges in 1.6-2.7 m·s~(-1) in the Gonghe Basin.The frequency of threshold wind in northwest region,middle region and southeast region were 7.7%,3.5% and 0.9%,respectively.The threshold wind mainly occurs in the winter and spring.Its direction is mainly WNW and W.(2)The wind energy is low.The sand activity weakens from northwest to southeast in the Gonghe Basin.The wind direction variability ranges in 0.7-0.96,and wind regime is narrow unimodal or wide unimodal.The wind direction variability belongs to high ratio in northwest region and middle region,but in southeast region,it belongs to intermediate.RDP is almost the same,and its value ranges in 281°-287.1°.(3)Dune field patterns conclude barchans dunes,reticulate dunes,compound dunes chain,mega dunes,longitudinal dunes and parabolic dunes etc.That fits well with wind regime in the Gonghe Basin.
引文
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[22]朱雅娟,李虹,赵淑伶,等.共和盆地不同类型防护林的改善小气候效应[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(3):842-848
[23]马玉凤,严平,张登山.基于GIS的青海共和盆地风水交互侵蚀格局初析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,25(1):151-156.
[24]沙占江,马海州,李玲琴,等.共和盆地龙羊峡库1987—1999年间土地覆被变化过程[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(1):20-26.
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[26]丁国栋.风沙物理学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2010:226-227.
[27]张正偲,董治宝,赵爱国.输沙势计算中的“时距”问题[J].干旱区地理,2010,33(2):177-182.
[28]Pearce K I,Walker I J.Frequency and magnitude biases in the‘Fryberger’model,with implications for characterizing geomorphically effective winds[J].Geomorphology,2005,68:39-55.
[29]王涛.中国沙漠与沙漠化[M].石家庄:河北科学技术出版社,2003:704-706.
[30]青海省地质局区域地质测量队.区域地质测量报告(共和幅)[R].西宁:青海省地质局,1971:10-12.
[31]王江山.青海天气气候[M].北京:气象出版社,2004:27-36.
[2]吴正.风沙地貌与治沙工程学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:139-169.
[3]Goudie A S.Dust storms in space and time[J].Progress in Physical Geography,1983,7:502-520.
[4]俎瑞平,张克存,屈建军,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠风况特征研究[J].干旱区地理,2005,28(2):167-170.
[5]董光荣,高尚玉,金炯,等.青海共和盆地土地沙漠化与防治[M].北京:科学出版社,1993:0-48.
[6]张登山,高尚玉,石蒙沂,等.青海高原土地沙漠化及其防治[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:9-96.
[7]俎瑞平,张克存,屈建军.塔克拉玛干沙漠风沙活动强度特征[J].地理研究,2005,24(5):699-707.
[8]Wang X M,Dong Z B,Yan P,et al.Wind energy environment and dune field activity in the Chinese desert[J].Geomorphology,2005,65(1):33-48.
[9]李晋昌,韩柳彦,赵艳芳,等.晋北沙漠化地区起沙风风况与输沙势[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(4):911-917.
[10]李振山,张琦峰,包慧娟.我国北方典型沙漠化地区近30a风速变化特征[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(1):20-26.
[11]何毅,杨太保,陈杰,等.1960-2013年南北疆风速变化特征分析[J].干旱区地理,2015,38(2):250-259.
[12]李静,俞炳丰,姜盈霓.乌鞘岭地区风速数据分析及风能密度计算[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(5):10-13.
[13]沈晶,赖旭.峡谷地形条件下风电场风况数值模拟研究[J].水电能源科学,2011,29(8):167-171.
[14]董治宝,苏志珠,钱广强,等.库木塔格沙漠风沙地貌[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:150-159.
[15]刘涛,杨小平,董巨峰,等.巴丹吉林沙漠沙丘形态与风动力关系的初步研究[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(6):1286-1291.
[16]张正偲,董治宝.黑河流域中游风能环境与风沙地貌[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(2):332-341.
[17]刘强吉,武胜利.新疆博斯腾湖流域风沙环境特征[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(5):39-47.
[18]鲍锋,董治宝,张正偲.柴达木盆地风沙地貌区风况特征[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(3):549-554.
[19]赵景峰,李崇舜,何清.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中一井地区起沙风分析和输沙量的估算[J].干旱区地理,1995,18(3):39-47.
[20]徐叔鹰,徐德馥,石生仁.青海共和盆地的风沙堆积[J].中国沙漠,1982,2(3):1-8.
[21]张登山.青海共和盆地土地沙漠化影响因子的定量分析[J].中国沙漠,2003,20(1):59-62.
[22]朱雅娟,李虹,赵淑伶,等.共和盆地不同类型防护林的改善小气候效应[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(3):842-848
[23]马玉凤,严平,张登山.基于GIS的青海共和盆地风水交互侵蚀格局初析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,25(1):151-156.
[24]沙占江,马海州,李玲琴,等.共和盆地龙羊峡库1987—1999年间土地覆被变化过程[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(1):20-26.
[25]Fryberger S G.沙丘形态和风况[M]//Mckee E D.世界沙海的研究.赵兴梁译.银川:宁夏人民出版社,1993:125-162.
[26]丁国栋.风沙物理学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2010:226-227.
[27]张正偲,董治宝,赵爱国.输沙势计算中的“时距”问题[J].干旱区地理,2010,33(2):177-182.
[28]Pearce K I,Walker I J.Frequency and magnitude biases in the‘Fryberger’model,with implications for characterizing geomorphically effective winds[J].Geomorphology,2005,68:39-55.
[29]王涛.中国沙漠与沙漠化[M].石家庄:河北科学技术出版社,2003:704-706.
[30]青海省地质局区域地质测量队.区域地质测量报告(共和幅)[R].西宁:青海省地质局,1971:10-12.
[31]王江山.青海天气气候[M].北京:气象出版社,2004:27-36.