辽西北风沙地不同植物群落土壤入渗特性
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摘要
采用野外双环入渗试验和室内土壤物理性质分析相结合的方法,研究辽西北风沙地不同植物群落(乔木林地、灌木林地、人工草地、荒草地)土壤入渗特征及影响因素。结果表明:不同植物群落的土壤初始入渗率、16min入渗率、稳定入渗率和累计入渗量等土壤入渗特征值均表现为荒草地>人工草地>灌木林地>乔木林地;土壤入渗特征值与毛管孔隙度呈显著负相关,与饱和含水量、粉粒含量呈负相关,与土壤初始含水率、土壤容重、非毛管孔隙度、砂粒、粘粒含量呈正相关,但未达显著水平。不同植物群落下土壤入渗过程的拟合优度存在差异,Horton模型、G-P综合模型、Philip模型、Kastiakov模型的平均拟合优度依次为0.948、0.896、0.893、0.868,Horton模型相对误差为15.71%~68.61%,可作为辽西北风沙地不同植物群落土壤入渗过程的预测模型;主成分分析评价的土壤入渗能力排序为荒草地>人工草地>灌木林地>乔木林地,初始入渗率、稳定入渗率、16 min入渗率和累积入渗量的主成分方差累积贡献率为99.628%,较好地表达了土壤入渗能力。
The method of field double ring infiltration test and indoor soil physical properties analysis was used to study the soil infiltration characteristics of different plant community( arbor forest land,shrub land,artificial meadow,wild meadow) in sandy land of northwestern liaoning. The results showed that soil infiltration characteristics such as initial infiltration rate,16 min infiltration rate,stable infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration rate of different plant communities were all represented as wild grassland > artificial grassland > shrub forest land > arbor woodland. Soil infiltration characteristics are negatively correlated with capillary porosity and silt content,soil infiltration characteristics are negatively correlated with soil initial moisture content,soil bulk density,non capillary porosity,sand and clay content,but not significant. The goodness of fit of soil infiltration process under different plant communities exist difference. The average goodness of fit of Horton Model,G-P Model,Philip Model,Kastiakov Model in turn was 0.948,0.896,0.893,0.868. The relative error of Horton Model was 15. 71% ~ 68. 61 %,which can be used as a prediction model for soil infiltration processes of different plant communities in sandy land of northwest liaoning. The ranking of soil infiltration capacity evaluated by principal component analysis is wasteland>artificial grassland> shrubbery> arbor woodland,The cumulative contribution rate of principal component variance of the initial infiltration rate of soil,the 16 min infiltration rate of soil,the stable infiltration rate of soil and the cumulative infiltration was 99.628%,which better expressed the infiltration capacity of soil.
The method of field double ring infiltration test and indoor soil physical properties analysis was used to study the soil infiltration characteristics of different plant community( arbor forest land,shrub land,artificial meadow,wild meadow) in sandy land of northwestern liaoning. The results showed that soil infiltration characteristics such as initial infiltration rate,16 min infiltration rate,stable infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration rate of different plant communities were all represented as wild grassland > artificial grassland > shrub forest land > arbor woodland. Soil infiltration characteristics are negatively correlated with capillary porosity and silt content,soil infiltration characteristics are negatively correlated with soil initial moisture content,soil bulk density,non capillary porosity,sand and clay content,but not significant. The goodness of fit of soil infiltration process under different plant communities exist difference. The average goodness of fit of Horton Model,G-P Model,Philip Model,Kastiakov Model in turn was 0.948,0.896,0.893,0.868. The relative error of Horton Model was 15. 71% ~ 68. 61 %,which can be used as a prediction model for soil infiltration processes of different plant communities in sandy land of northwest liaoning. The ranking of soil infiltration capacity evaluated by principal component analysis is wasteland>artificial grassland> shrubbery> arbor woodland,The cumulative contribution rate of principal component variance of the initial infiltration rate of soil,the 16 min infiltration rate of soil,the stable infiltration rate of soil and the cumulative infiltration was 99.628%,which better expressed the infiltration capacity of soil.
引文
[1]姚淑霞,赵传成,张铜会.科尔沁不同沙地土壤饱和导水率比较研究[J].土壤学报,2013,50(3):469-477.
[2]赵艳,关冰,于国庆.辽西北风沙半干旱区生态治理对策与建议[J].农业开发与装备,2016,(11):58-58.
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[12]鲁瑞洁,唐清亮,魏殿生,等.青海湖湖东沙地不同沙丘降雨入渗研究[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(3):797-803.
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[15]罗珠珠.保护性耕作对黄土高原旱地土壤渗透性能的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2005.
[16]姚淑霞,赵传成,张铜会.科尔沁不同沙地土壤饱和导水率比较研究[J].土壤学报,2013,50(3):469-477.
[17]周宏飞,汤英,周宝佳.荒漠灌木及冻融影响下的风沙土入渗特征[C]∥2009土壤资源持续利用与生态环境安全学术研讨会.南京:中国土壤协会,2009.
[18]蒋定生,黄国俊,谢永生.黄土高原土壤入渗能力野外测试[J].水土保持通报,1984,4(4):7-9.
[19]莫斌,陈晓燕,杨以翠,等.不同土地利用类型土壤入渗性能及其影响因素研究[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(1):13-17.
[20]张强,孙向阳,黄利江,等.毛乌素沙地土壤水分特征曲线和入渗性能的研究[J].林业科学研究,2004,17(s1):9-14.
[2]赵艳,关冰,于国庆.辽西北风沙半干旱区生态治理对策与建议[J].农业开发与装备,2016,(11):58-58.
[3]隋艳红.治理辽西北地区风沙土的主要植物工程技术[J].防护林科技,2014,(1):122-123.
[4]雷泽勇,刘心玲,周凯,等.辽西北沙地人工林植物水分亏缺与恢复研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(4):86-90.
[5]雷廷武,刘汗,潘英华,等.坡地土壤降雨入渗性能的径流-入流-产流测量方法与模型[J].中国科学:地球科学,2005,35(12):1180-1186.
[6]Yuan J.Factors affecting rainfall_runoff duration on sloping land[J].Journal of Mountain Research,1999,(03):259-264.
[7]冯伟,杨文斌,党宏忠,等.毛乌素沙地流动沙丘土壤水分对降雨的响应[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(2):400-406.
[8]周海,赵文智.河西走廊典型荒漠区土壤水分对降水脉动响应的稳定同位素分析[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(6):1637-1645.
[9]阿拉木萨,蒋德明,裴铁璠.科尔沁沙地人工小叶锦鸡儿植被水分入渗动态研究[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(1):56-59.
[10]汤英,周宏飞,徐利岗.荒漠植被影响下的沙地稳定入渗率变化特征[J].土壤通报,2009,40(2):235-239.
[11]原鹏飞,丁国栋,王炜炜,等.毛乌素沙地降雨入渗和蒸发特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2008,6(4):23-27.
[12]鲁瑞洁,唐清亮,魏殿生,等.青海湖湖东沙地不同沙丘降雨入渗研究[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(3):797-803.
[13]焦树仁.章古台固沙林生态系统的结构与功能[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1989.
[14]中科院南京土壤研究所土壤物理研究室.土壤物理性质测定法[M].北京:科学出版社,1978.
[15]罗珠珠.保护性耕作对黄土高原旱地土壤渗透性能的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2005.
[16]姚淑霞,赵传成,张铜会.科尔沁不同沙地土壤饱和导水率比较研究[J].土壤学报,2013,50(3):469-477.
[17]周宏飞,汤英,周宝佳.荒漠灌木及冻融影响下的风沙土入渗特征[C]∥2009土壤资源持续利用与生态环境安全学术研讨会.南京:中国土壤协会,2009.
[18]蒋定生,黄国俊,谢永生.黄土高原土壤入渗能力野外测试[J].水土保持通报,1984,4(4):7-9.
[19]莫斌,陈晓燕,杨以翠,等.不同土地利用类型土壤入渗性能及其影响因素研究[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(1):13-17.
[20]张强,孙向阳,黄利江,等.毛乌素沙地土壤水分特征曲线和入渗性能的研究[J].林业科学研究,2004,17(s1):9-14.