沙石质建筑垃圾不同覆盖方式防风固沙效益
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摘要
为了解沙石质建筑垃圾不同覆盖方式防风固沙效益,在野外对不同覆盖方式的风蚀风积量、风沙流特征、土壤水分、植被生长状况进行了观测研究。结果表明:(1)不同覆盖方式年风蚀量较流沙减少了91%以上,其中平铺覆盖方式固沙效果好于带状和方格覆盖方式。平铺覆盖方式和流沙风沙流结构呈幂、指数函数分布,带状、方格覆盖方式呈多项式函数分布;(2)不同覆盖方式较流沙显著提高了土壤容积含水率(P<0.05),平铺方式保水效果好于方格和带状覆盖方式。覆盖度30%平铺、1.5m×1.5m方格和宽1.5m带状土壤各层平均容积含水率比流沙分别提高了3.1%、2.8%和1.5%;(3)不同的覆盖方式较流沙显著增加了植被盖度(P<0.05),其中平铺方式群落多样性指数最高。覆盖度30%平铺植被盖度较流沙提高了5%。1.5m×1.5m方格覆盖方式植被群落多样性指数最低,植被盖度最高,较流沙提高了14%。
In order to study the sand-fixing effect of sand-stone building waste,the amount of aeolian erosion,sand flow characteristics,soil moisture,vegetation growth under different cover methods were observed.The results show that:(1)The amounts of wind erosion under different covering methods are less91%than over blown sand for one year,and the sand fixation under tiled covering methods is better than under the strip and grid covering methods.The windblown sand structure over the tiled covering and blown sand conforms to power function and exponential function,the windblown sand structure over the strip and grid covering conforms to polynomial function.(2)The soil water content increases under different covering methods,and the water retention effect is better under tiled covering methods than under the strip and grid covering methods.The average soil volumetric water content increases by 3.1%,2.8% and 1.5% respectively under the covering methods of tile 30%coverage and1.5 m×1.5 m grid and strip of 1.5 m wide than in blown sand.(3)The vegetation coverage under different covering methods increases significantly than in blown sand,and the maximum increase was 14% under 1.5 m×1.5 m grid with the lowest diversity index.
In order to study the sand-fixing effect of sand-stone building waste,the amount of aeolian erosion,sand flow characteristics,soil moisture,vegetation growth under different cover methods were observed.The results show that:(1)The amounts of wind erosion under different covering methods are less91%than over blown sand for one year,and the sand fixation under tiled covering methods is better than under the strip and grid covering methods.The windblown sand structure over the tiled covering and blown sand conforms to power function and exponential function,the windblown sand structure over the strip and grid covering conforms to polynomial function.(2)The soil water content increases under different covering methods,and the water retention effect is better under tiled covering methods than under the strip and grid covering methods.The average soil volumetric water content increases by 3.1%,2.8% and 1.5% respectively under the covering methods of tile 30%coverage and1.5 m×1.5 m grid and strip of 1.5 m wide than in blown sand.(3)The vegetation coverage under different covering methods increases significantly than in blown sand,and the maximum increase was 14% under 1.5 m×1.5 m grid with the lowest diversity index.
引文
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[2]朱震达,赵兴梁,凌裕泉,等.治沙工程学[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1998.
[3]王仁德,肖登攀,常春平,等.农田风蚀量随风速的变化[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(5):1120-1127.
[4]胡广录,王德金,廖亚鑫,等.气象因子对黑河中游荒漠-绿洲过渡带斑块植被区风沙活动的影响[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(4):865-873.
[5]刘虎俊,袁宏波,郭春秀,等.均匀配置的两种仿真灌木林防风效应野外观测[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(1):8-13.
[6]屈建军,张伟民,彭期龙,等.论敦煌莫高窟的若干风沙问题[J].地理学报,1996,51(5):418-425.
[7]屈建军,张伟民,凌裕泉,等.莫高窟顶尼纶网栅栏防沙效应初步研究[J].干旱区研究,1993,10(3):16-20.
[8]Wohl E E,Hiroshi I.The effect of roughness configuration on velocity profiles in artificial channel[J].Earth Surface Progress and Landforms,1998,23(2):159-169.
[9]刘连友,刘玉璋,李小雁,等.砾石覆盖对土壤吹蚀的抑制效应[J].中国沙漠,1999,19(1):60-62.
[10]薛娴,张伟民,王涛,等.戈壁砾石防护效应的风洞实验与野外观测结果[J].地理学报,2000,55(3):375-381.