不同强度净风频繁吹袭对樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)幼苗光合蒸腾特征的影响
|
摘要
为了解不同强度净风频繁吹袭对樟子松幼苗光合蒸腾特性的影响,2013年春季在内蒙古科尔沁沙地研究了0(对照)、6、9、12、15、18 m/s等6个风速处理(分别相当于0、4、5、6、7、8级风)4次吹袭下樟子松幼苗光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率等指标的变化。结果表明,净风频繁吹袭没有改变樟子松幼苗的光合速率和蒸腾速率的日变化规律,但可使其光合蒸腾的"午休"时间加长、"休眠"程度加深;随着风吹强度的增加,其日均光合能力和蒸腾速率显著降低,其中18 m/s处理较对照分别下降27.6%和22.3%;随着风吹强度增加,气孔导度、胞间CO_2浓度均先下降后回升,除18 m/s处理胞间CO_2浓度显著高于CK外,其他处理均显著低于CK;随着风吹强度增加,水分利用效率和光能利用效率均先增加后下降,其中除18 m/s处理的水分利用效率显著低于CK,6 m/s处理的光能利用效率高于CK外,其他处理的水分利用效率均高于CK,光能利用效率均低于CK;日均光合蒸腾速率的下降主要源于气孔导度的降低,而水分利用效率和光能利用效率的变化均受制于光合速率和蒸腾速率的变化。
To understand the effects of frequent gusts of wind on the rates of photosynthesis and transpiration in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica seedlings,a field wind-blowing experiment using a wind speed gradient of 0( CK),6,9,12,15,and 18 m/s and four episodes of wind blowing was conducted in the spring of 2013 in the Horqin Sand Land of Inner Mongolia. The results showed that: 1) Frequent wind blowing did not change the diurnal variation in the rates of photosynthesis and transpiration in seedlings,but resulted in in an extension of midday depression and a higher degree of dormancy in photosynthesis and transpiration. 2) Increasing the wind strength led to a significant decrease in the average daily rates of photosynthesis and transpiration,with a decrease of 27. 6% and 22. 3% in the 18 m/s-treated seedlings compared to the CK, respectively. With an increase in wind strength, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO_2 concentrations first increased and then decreased,and were significant lower in all treatment groups as compared with the CK group,with the exception of intercellular CO_2 concentration,which was higher in the 18 m/s group. 3) Increasing thewind-sand flow strength led to a significant increase in water-use efficiency,except for a significant decrease in the 18 m/s treatment group as compared with the CK group. In addition,the efficiency of sunlight energy use tended to decrease except for a significant increase in the 6 m/s-treatment group as compared with the CK group. 4) Decreases in the average daily rates of photosynthesis and transpiration resulted from a decrease in stomatal conductance,and changes in water-use efficiency and sunlight energy-use efficiency resulted from changes in the rates of photosynthesis and transpiration.
To understand the effects of frequent gusts of wind on the rates of photosynthesis and transpiration in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica seedlings,a field wind-blowing experiment using a wind speed gradient of 0( CK),6,9,12,15,and 18 m/s and four episodes of wind blowing was conducted in the spring of 2013 in the Horqin Sand Land of Inner Mongolia. The results showed that: 1) Frequent wind blowing did not change the diurnal variation in the rates of photosynthesis and transpiration in seedlings,but resulted in in an extension of midday depression and a higher degree of dormancy in photosynthesis and transpiration. 2) Increasing the wind strength led to a significant decrease in the average daily rates of photosynthesis and transpiration,with a decrease of 27. 6% and 22. 3% in the 18 m/s-treated seedlings compared to the CK, respectively. With an increase in wind strength, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO_2 concentrations first increased and then decreased,and were significant lower in all treatment groups as compared with the CK group,with the exception of intercellular CO_2 concentration,which was higher in the 18 m/s group. 3) Increasing thewind-sand flow strength led to a significant increase in water-use efficiency,except for a significant decrease in the 18 m/s treatment group as compared with the CK group. In addition,the efficiency of sunlight energy use tended to decrease except for a significant increase in the 6 m/s-treatment group as compared with the CK group. 4) Decreases in the average daily rates of photosynthesis and transpiration resulted from a decrease in stomatal conductance,and changes in water-use efficiency and sunlight energy-use efficiency resulted from changes in the rates of photosynthesis and transpiration.
引文
[1]张琳琳,赵晓英,原慧.风对植物的作用及植物适应对策研究进展.地球科学进展,2013,28(12):1349-1353.
[2]王艳红,何维明,于飞海,江洪,余树全,董鸣.植物响应对风致机械刺激研究进展.生态学报,2010,30(3):794-800.
[3]赵哈林,李瑾,周瑞莲,曲浩,云建英,潘成臣.玉米幼苗对风沙流强度变化的生理响应.应用生态学报,2015,26(1):61-66.
[4]Hughes L.Climate change and Australia:trends,projections and impacts.Austral Ecology,2003,28(4):423-443.
[5]Grace J.Plant Response to Wind.California:Academic Press,1977.
[6]唐霞,崔建垣,曲浩,李熙萌.风对科尔沁地区几种常见作物幼苗光合、蒸腾特性的影响.生态学杂志,2011,30(3):471-476.
[7]曲浩,赵学勇,岳广阳,王少昆.科尔沁沙地几种常见植物对风胁迫的生理响应.中国沙漠,2009,29(4):668-673.
[8]赵哈林,何玉惠,岳广阳,周瑞莲.风吹、沙埋对沙地植物幼苗生长和光合蒸腾特性的影响.生态学杂志,2010,29(3):413-419.
[9]Coutts M P,Grace J.Wind and Trees.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1995.
[10]Onoda Y,Anten N P R.Challenges to understand plant responses to wind.Plant Signaling&Behavior,2011,6(7):1057-1059.
[11]Anten N P R,Alcalá-Herrera R,Schieving F,Onoda Y.Wind and mechanical stimuli differentially affect leaf traits in Plantago major.New Phytologist,2010,188(2):554-564.
[12]赵兴梁,李万英.樟子松.北京:农业出版社,1963.
[13]李宏印,刘明国.樟子松人工固沙林发展现状.辽宁林业科技,2003,(5):35-36,39-39.
[14]吴春荣,金红喜,严子柱,满多清,马全林,安富博.樟子松在西北干旱沙区的光合日变化特征.干旱区资源与环境,2003,17(6):144-146.
[15]赵哈林,李瑾,周瑞莲,云建英,曲浩,潘成臣.风沙流频繁吹袭对樟子松幼苗光合水分代谢的影响.草业学报,2015,24(10):149-156.
[16]Vogel S.Leaves in the lowest and highest winds:temperature,force and shape.New Phytologist,2009,183(1):13-26.
[17]Vogel S.Drag and reconfiguration of broad leaves in high winds.Journal of Experimental Botany,1989,40(8):941-948.
[18]Grace J.Plant response to wind.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,1988,22-23:71-88.
[19]于云江,史培军,鲁春霞,刘家琼.不同风沙条件对几种植物生态生理特征的影响.植物生态学报,2003,27(1):53-58.
[20]赵文智,常学礼.樟子松针叶气孔运动与蒸腾强度关系研究.中国沙漠,1995,l5(3):241-243.
[21]陈根云,陈娟,许大全.关于净光合速率和胞间CO2浓度关系的思考.植物生理学通讯,2010,46(1):64-66.
[22]Bosabalidis A M,Kofidis G.Comparative effects of drought stress on leaf anatomy of two olive cultivars.Plant Science,2002,163(2):375-379.
[23]于云江,史培军,贺丽萍,刘家琼.风沙流对植物生长影响的研究.地球科学进展,2002,17(2):262-267.
[2]王艳红,何维明,于飞海,江洪,余树全,董鸣.植物响应对风致机械刺激研究进展.生态学报,2010,30(3):794-800.
[3]赵哈林,李瑾,周瑞莲,曲浩,云建英,潘成臣.玉米幼苗对风沙流强度变化的生理响应.应用生态学报,2015,26(1):61-66.
[4]Hughes L.Climate change and Australia:trends,projections and impacts.Austral Ecology,2003,28(4):423-443.
[5]Grace J.Plant Response to Wind.California:Academic Press,1977.
[6]唐霞,崔建垣,曲浩,李熙萌.风对科尔沁地区几种常见作物幼苗光合、蒸腾特性的影响.生态学杂志,2011,30(3):471-476.
[7]曲浩,赵学勇,岳广阳,王少昆.科尔沁沙地几种常见植物对风胁迫的生理响应.中国沙漠,2009,29(4):668-673.
[8]赵哈林,何玉惠,岳广阳,周瑞莲.风吹、沙埋对沙地植物幼苗生长和光合蒸腾特性的影响.生态学杂志,2010,29(3):413-419.
[9]Coutts M P,Grace J.Wind and Trees.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1995.
[10]Onoda Y,Anten N P R.Challenges to understand plant responses to wind.Plant Signaling&Behavior,2011,6(7):1057-1059.
[11]Anten N P R,Alcalá-Herrera R,Schieving F,Onoda Y.Wind and mechanical stimuli differentially affect leaf traits in Plantago major.New Phytologist,2010,188(2):554-564.
[12]赵兴梁,李万英.樟子松.北京:农业出版社,1963.
[13]李宏印,刘明国.樟子松人工固沙林发展现状.辽宁林业科技,2003,(5):35-36,39-39.
[14]吴春荣,金红喜,严子柱,满多清,马全林,安富博.樟子松在西北干旱沙区的光合日变化特征.干旱区资源与环境,2003,17(6):144-146.
[15]赵哈林,李瑾,周瑞莲,云建英,曲浩,潘成臣.风沙流频繁吹袭对樟子松幼苗光合水分代谢的影响.草业学报,2015,24(10):149-156.
[16]Vogel S.Leaves in the lowest and highest winds:temperature,force and shape.New Phytologist,2009,183(1):13-26.
[17]Vogel S.Drag and reconfiguration of broad leaves in high winds.Journal of Experimental Botany,1989,40(8):941-948.
[18]Grace J.Plant response to wind.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,1988,22-23:71-88.
[19]于云江,史培军,鲁春霞,刘家琼.不同风沙条件对几种植物生态生理特征的影响.植物生态学报,2003,27(1):53-58.
[20]赵文智,常学礼.樟子松针叶气孔运动与蒸腾强度关系研究.中国沙漠,1995,l5(3):241-243.
[21]陈根云,陈娟,许大全.关于净光合速率和胞间CO2浓度关系的思考.植物生理学通讯,2010,46(1):64-66.
[22]Bosabalidis A M,Kofidis G.Comparative effects of drought stress on leaf anatomy of two olive cultivars.Plant Science,2002,163(2):375-379.
[23]于云江,史培军,贺丽萍,刘家琼.风沙流对植物生长影响的研究.地球科学进展,2002,17(2):262-267.