小麦抗干热风制剂配方鉴选与作用机制研究
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摘要
为了提高小麦抗干热风的能力和产量,进行小麦抗干热风配方鉴选研究,以舜麦1718小麦为材料,采用田间试验与模拟试验相结合,对自研的16个配方进行了配方初选、多点鉴选、同类产品比较、盆栽模拟4个阶段的鉴选研究。结果表明,鉴选出的配方KN-8和KN-2与同类产品天达2116效果均显著,其千粒质量、产量均显著高于FA旱地龙、磷酸二氢钾和清水对照。在中度干热风胁迫下,KN-8和KN-2的千粒质量比对照提高2.5,2.2 g,产量显著提高了11.4%和10.1%;相对电导率比对照显著降低20.5%和18.5%;叶片相对含水量显著提高7.0%和7.9%;荧光参数(Fm/Fv)显著提高4.6%和4.7%;光合速率显著提高20.0%和15.6%;超氧化物歧化酶显著提高21.4%和15.4%;丙二醛含量显著降低21.0%和19.6%。说明喷施KN-8和KN-2抗干热风制剂能调节小麦生理机能,减少细胞膜电解质外渗,抑制蒸腾,减少体内水分损耗,提高细胞活力和光化学效率,增强抗干热风能力,提高小麦千粒质量和产量。因此,KN-8和KN-2是较好的抗干热风制剂配方,应示范推广。
To increase crop dry-hot wind tolerance and crop yield, the author conducted screening of 16 complex drought tolerance agents in wheat basing on formula selection, comparable product comparison and potted simulation. The results showed that KN-8 and KN-2 had significant effect compared with Tianda-2116, whose grain and yield were promoted than FA, KH2 PO4 and control. Compared with control, the 1 000-kernel quality of KN-8 and KN-2 increased 2.5, 2.2 g, the yield increased 11.4% and 10.1%, the relative conductivity decreased 20.5% and 18.5%, the relative water content of leaves increased 7.0% and 7.9%, the fluorescence parameters(Fm/Fv)significantly increased 4.6% and 4.7%, the photosynthetic rate increased 20.0% and 15.6%, respectively. Superoxide dismutase of KN-8 and KN-2 significantly increased 21.4% and 15.4%, malondialdehyde contents decreased significantly 21.0% and 19.6%,respectively. KN-8 and KN-2 can regulate wheat physiological function, reduce the membrane electrolyte leakage, inhibit transpiration,reduce loss of moisture content, improve cell vitality and efficiency, strengthen the dry-hot wind resistance, improve the wheat grains and yield. Therefore, KN-8 and KN-2 are better formulation of dry-hot wind, which should be demonstrated and promoted.
To increase crop dry-hot wind tolerance and crop yield, the author conducted screening of 16 complex drought tolerance agents in wheat basing on formula selection, comparable product comparison and potted simulation. The results showed that KN-8 and KN-2 had significant effect compared with Tianda-2116, whose grain and yield were promoted than FA, KH2 PO4 and control. Compared with control, the 1 000-kernel quality of KN-8 and KN-2 increased 2.5, 2.2 g, the yield increased 11.4% and 10.1%, the relative conductivity decreased 20.5% and 18.5%, the relative water content of leaves increased 7.0% and 7.9%, the fluorescence parameters(Fm/Fv)significantly increased 4.6% and 4.7%, the photosynthetic rate increased 20.0% and 15.6%, respectively. Superoxide dismutase of KN-8 and KN-2 significantly increased 21.4% and 15.4%, malondialdehyde contents decreased significantly 21.0% and 19.6%,respectively. KN-8 and KN-2 can regulate wheat physiological function, reduce the membrane electrolyte leakage, inhibit transpiration,reduce loss of moisture content, improve cell vitality and efficiency, strengthen the dry-hot wind resistance, improve the wheat grains and yield. Therefore, KN-8 and KN-2 are better formulation of dry-hot wind, which should be demonstrated and promoted.
引文
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[4]马雅丽,栾青,李伟伟,等.山西冬小麦干热风分布特征及对产量的影响[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(7):1134-1138.
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[9]许旭旦,诸涵素,杨德兴,等.灌浆初期叶面喷施黄腐酸提高小麦抗干热风能力及其增产效果的研究[J].江西腐植酸,1984(2):1-7.
[10]李云春,王亚艺.喷施宝对小麦干热风的抗灾作用及机理研究[J].中国农技推广,2013,29(3):47-49.
[11]孙颖,赵晋蓉,苑刚峰,等. FA旱地龙在农作物上抗旱增产效果研究[J].山西农业科学,2002,30(3):38-41.
[12]毕勇刚,宋其龙. FA旱地龙应用试验及推广研究[J].节水灌溉,2002(2):33-35.
[13]海江波,由海霞,张保军.植物生长调节剂天达2116对冬小麦产量和品质及生理特性的影响[J].西北农业学报,2002,11(3):21-24.
[14]曹宏,姚志龙.天达2116在陇东旱地冬小麦上应用效果研究[J].西北农业学报,2005,14(4):35-38.
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[17]武仙山,昌小平,景蕊莲.小麦灌浆期抗旱性鉴定指标的综合评价[J].麦类作物学报,2008,28(4):626-632.
[18]席吉龙,杨娜,郝佳丽,等.播期和密度对晋麦84号旗叶光合特性及产量的影响[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(8):1253-1257.
[19]王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:172-173,280-281.
[20]王正旺,苗爱梅,李毓富,等.长治小麦干热风预报研究[J].中国农业气象,2010,31(4):600-606.
[21]王勇,马廷蕊,赵刚,等.遮荫补灌提高陇东旱塬区小麦对干热风的抗逆适应[J].灌溉排水学报,2013,32(2):78-80,110.
[22]屈振江,郑小华,李星敏.陕西省冬小麦干热风分布特征及预测研究[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(18):50-56.
[23]刘玲,刘建栋,邬定荣,等.气候变化情景下华北地区干热风的时空分布特征[J].科技导报,2012,30(19):24-27.
[24]成林,张志红,方文松.干热风对冬小麦灌浆速率和千粒质量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2014,34(2):248-254.
[25]赵俊芳,赵艳霞,郭建平,等.基于干热风危害指数的黄淮海地区冬小麦干热风灾损评估[J].生态学报,2015,35(16):5287-5293.
[26]王明涛,马焕香,翟贵明,等.山东省滨州市干热风气候特征及对小麦千粒质量的影响分析[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(23):12898-12900,12920.
[27]北方十三省(市)小麦干热风科研协作组.小麦干热风伤害机理的研究[J].作物学报,1984,10(2):105-112.
[28]张志红,成林,李书岭.我国小麦干热风灾害研究进展[J].气象与环境科学,2013,36(2):72-76.
[2]陈怀亮,邹春辉,付祥建,等.河南省小麦干热风发生规律分析[J].自然资源学报,2001,16(1):59-64.
[3]孟自力,闫向泉,朱倩,等.豫东地区小麦常见气象灾害的发生规律探讨[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(5):767-772.
[4]马雅丽,栾青,李伟伟,等.山西冬小麦干热风分布特征及对产量的影响[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(7):1134-1138.
[5]喇永昌,张磊,张晓煜,等.小麦干热风气象灾害研究综述[J].农村经济与科技,2017,28(1):7-9.
[6]尹立震.小麦喷施磷酸二氢钾防御干热风[J].农业科技通讯,1983(4):10.
[7]刘瑞生,梁振鸾.用氯化钙拌种增强小麦抗旱、抗寒、抗干热风能力的研究[J].河北农业科技,1979(5):19.
[8]刘振英,林玉福,吴尔福.喷三十烷醇防御小麦干热风的初步研究[J].山东农业科学,1983(1):28.
[9]许旭旦,诸涵素,杨德兴,等.灌浆初期叶面喷施黄腐酸提高小麦抗干热风能力及其增产效果的研究[J].江西腐植酸,1984(2):1-7.
[10]李云春,王亚艺.喷施宝对小麦干热风的抗灾作用及机理研究[J].中国农技推广,2013,29(3):47-49.
[11]孙颖,赵晋蓉,苑刚峰,等. FA旱地龙在农作物上抗旱增产效果研究[J].山西农业科学,2002,30(3):38-41.
[12]毕勇刚,宋其龙. FA旱地龙应用试验及推广研究[J].节水灌溉,2002(2):33-35.
[13]海江波,由海霞,张保军.植物生长调节剂天达2116对冬小麦产量和品质及生理特性的影响[J].西北农业学报,2002,11(3):21-24.
[14]曹宏,姚志龙.天达2116在陇东旱地冬小麦上应用效果研究[J].西北农业学报,2005,14(4):35-38.
[15]席吉龙.一种农作物干热风模拟与监测温棚:中国,ZL 201621380341.7[P]. 2017-08-11.
[16]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:167.
[17]武仙山,昌小平,景蕊莲.小麦灌浆期抗旱性鉴定指标的综合评价[J].麦类作物学报,2008,28(4):626-632.
[18]席吉龙,杨娜,郝佳丽,等.播期和密度对晋麦84号旗叶光合特性及产量的影响[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(8):1253-1257.
[19]王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:172-173,280-281.
[20]王正旺,苗爱梅,李毓富,等.长治小麦干热风预报研究[J].中国农业气象,2010,31(4):600-606.
[21]王勇,马廷蕊,赵刚,等.遮荫补灌提高陇东旱塬区小麦对干热风的抗逆适应[J].灌溉排水学报,2013,32(2):78-80,110.
[22]屈振江,郑小华,李星敏.陕西省冬小麦干热风分布特征及预测研究[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(18):50-56.
[23]刘玲,刘建栋,邬定荣,等.气候变化情景下华北地区干热风的时空分布特征[J].科技导报,2012,30(19):24-27.
[24]成林,张志红,方文松.干热风对冬小麦灌浆速率和千粒质量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2014,34(2):248-254.
[25]赵俊芳,赵艳霞,郭建平,等.基于干热风危害指数的黄淮海地区冬小麦干热风灾损评估[J].生态学报,2015,35(16):5287-5293.
[26]王明涛,马焕香,翟贵明,等.山东省滨州市干热风气候特征及对小麦千粒质量的影响分析[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(23):12898-12900,12920.
[27]北方十三省(市)小麦干热风科研协作组.小麦干热风伤害机理的研究[J].作物学报,1984,10(2):105-112.
[28]张志红,成林,李书岭.我国小麦干热风灾害研究进展[J].气象与环境科学,2013,36(2):72-76.