Cu和Pb对赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)生长的影响
|
摘要
以添加了不同浓度的CuSO_4和Pb(NO_3)_2混合液的f/2培养基培养赤潮异弯藻,通过分析藻的最大生长密度、生长周期及比生长率这3个参数与Cu和Pb之间的相关关系,讨论2种重金属对赤潮异弯藻生长的影响以及2种重金属之间的互作效应。结果表明,Cu为0～0.02 mg·L~(-1)或Pb为0～0.32 mg·L~(-1)时,对赤潮异弯藻生长有促进作用;当Pb浓度不同的条件下,Cu浓度达到0.5～2.5 mg·L~(-1)时,赤潮异弯藻生长受到明显抑制,甚至无法生长;在Cu浓度不同的条件下,Pb在1～9 mg·L~(-1)范围内,随着浓度的增加,对赤潮异弯藻生长抑制作用逐步增强。在Cu浓度为0～2.5 mg·L~(-1)或Pb浓度为1～9 mg·L~(-1)及两者互作条件下,赤潮异弯藻最大生长密度和生长周期都受到显著影响(P<0.01)。另外,Cu和Pb对赤潮异弯藻比生长率无显著影响,两者相互作用不明显。结合湛江海域已报道的这2种重金属实际含量,进一步评估了海区中重金属的潜在生态效应。
The objective of this work was to identify the effects of two heavy metals(Cu and Pb) on the growth of Heterosigma akashiwo and the interaction effects between each other. Correlations between the maximum algae density, sustained growth time, the specific growth rate of algae and Cu or Pb treatments were studied by culturing Heterosigma akashiwo in f/2 medium supplemented with CuSO_4 and Pb(NO_3)_2 in different concentrations. The results indicated that the alga was promoted when either Cu was in 0-0.02 mg·L~(-1) or Pb was in 0-0.32 mg·L~(-1). Regardless of the concentration of Pb, the growth of Heterosigma akashiwo was significantly inhibited, or even unable to grow when the Cu concentration reached 0.5-2.5 mg·L~(-1). Regardless of the concentration of Cu, the inhibitory growth effect of the alga was strengthened gradually with Pb concentration increased between 1 and 9 mg·L~(-1). Cu or Pb or both of them had extremely significant effects on the maximum density and sustained growth time of algae when Cu concentration was 0-0.5 mg·L~(-1) and Pb concentration was 1-9 mg·L~(-1)(P<0.01). Cu and Pb did not have significant effect on the specific growth rate of Heterosigma akashiwo, and the interaction effect was not obvious either.The potential ecological effects of heavy metals in Zhanjiang Bay were further evaluated based on the actual contents of these two heavy metals reported in Zhanjiang Bay.
The objective of this work was to identify the effects of two heavy metals(Cu and Pb) on the growth of Heterosigma akashiwo and the interaction effects between each other. Correlations between the maximum algae density, sustained growth time, the specific growth rate of algae and Cu or Pb treatments were studied by culturing Heterosigma akashiwo in f/2 medium supplemented with CuSO_4 and Pb(NO_3)_2 in different concentrations. The results indicated that the alga was promoted when either Cu was in 0-0.02 mg·L~(-1) or Pb was in 0-0.32 mg·L~(-1). Regardless of the concentration of Pb, the growth of Heterosigma akashiwo was significantly inhibited, or even unable to grow when the Cu concentration reached 0.5-2.5 mg·L~(-1). Regardless of the concentration of Cu, the inhibitory growth effect of the alga was strengthened gradually with Pb concentration increased between 1 and 9 mg·L~(-1). Cu or Pb or both of them had extremely significant effects on the maximum density and sustained growth time of algae when Cu concentration was 0-0.5 mg·L~(-1) and Pb concentration was 1-9 mg·L~(-1)(P<0.01). Cu and Pb did not have significant effect on the specific growth rate of Heterosigma akashiwo, and the interaction effect was not obvious either.The potential ecological effects of heavy metals in Zhanjiang Bay were further evaluated based on the actual contents of these two heavy metals reported in Zhanjiang Bay.
引文
[1]周成旭,傅永静,严小军.4种典型有害赤潮原因种的溶血特性研究[J].生态毒理学报,2007,2(1):78-82Zhou C X,Fu Y J,Yan X J.Hemolytic activity studies of several harmful alga strains[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2007,2(1):78-82(in Chinese)
[2]Keppler C J,Hoguet J,Smith K,et al.Sublethal effects of the toxic alga Heterosigma akashiwo on the southeastern oyster(Crassostrea virginica)[J].Harmful Algae,2005,4(2):275-285
[3]Kempton J,Keppler C J,Lewitus A,et al.A novel Heterosigma akashiwo(Raphidophyceae)bloom extending from a South Carolina bay to offshore waters[J].Harmful Algae,2008,7:235-240
[4]Haley S T,Alexander H,Juhl A R,et al.Transcriptional response of the harmful raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo to nitrate and phosphate stress[J].Harmful Algae,2017,68:258-270
[5]颜天,周名江,钱培元.赤潮异弯藻Heterosigma akashiwo的生长特性[J].海洋与湖沼,2002(2):209-214Yan T,Zhou M J,Qian P Y.Growth of fish-killing red tide species Raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2002(2):209-214(in Chinese)
[6]王燕,宋洪军,李艳,等.温度对赤潮异弯藻生长速率及细胞体积和生化组成影响的研究[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2015(1):41-46Wang Y,Song H J,Li Y,et al.Effect of temperature on the growth rate,cellvolume and biochemical composition of Heterosigma akashiwo Hada:An experimental study[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2015(1):41-46(in Chinese)
[7]Butrón A,Madariaga I,Orive E.Tolerance to high irradiance levels as a determinant of the bloom-forming Heterosigma akashiwo success in estuarine waters in summer[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2012,107(2):141-149
[8]刘青,张默,王仁锋,等.盐度和光照强度对赤潮异弯藻增长的效应[J].海洋湖沼通报,2015(1):35-40Liu Q,Zhang M,Wang R F,et al.Effects of salinity and illumination on the growth of Heterosigma akashiwo[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2015(1):35-40(in Chinese)
[9]Gao K S,Guan W C,Helbling E W.Effects of solar ultraviolet radiation on photosynthesis of the marine red tide alga Heterosigma akashiwo(Raphidophyceae)[J].Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B:Biology,2007,86(2):140-148
[10]刘青,王仁锋,王碧雪,等.光照强度和光照周期对赤潮异弯藻生长的影响[J].海洋环境科学,2013(1):43-48Liu Q,Wang R F,Wang B X,et al.Effects of photoperiod and irradiance on growth of Heterosigma akashiwo[J].Marine Environmental Science,2013(1):43-48(in Chinese)
[11]江艳,甘旭华,唐欣昀,等.氮磷营养因子对赤潮异弯藻生长的影响[J].应用生态学报,2006(3):3557-3559Jiang Y,Gan X H,Tang X Y,et al.Effects of nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus on Heterosigma akashiwo growth[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2006(3):3557-3559(in Chinese)
[12]张莹莹,王修林,战玉杰.Cu(Ⅱ)对海洋浮游植物生长影响的初步研究[J].生态毒理学报,2009,4(1):114-122Zhang Y Y,Wang X L,Zhan Y J.Effects of Cu(Ⅱ)on the growth of marine algae[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2009,4(1):114-122(in Chinese)
[13]张莹莹.Pb(Ⅱ)对海洋浮游植物生长的影响[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2004:15-28Zhang Y Y.Effects of Pb(Ⅱ)on the growth of marine phytoplankton[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2004:15-28(in Chinese)
[14]阎海,王杏君,林毅雄,等.铜、锌和锰抑制蛋白核小球藻生长的毒性效应[J].环境科学,2001,22(1):23-26Yan H,Wang X J,Lin Y X,et al.Toxic effects of Cu,Zn and Mn on the inhibition of Chlorella pyrenoidosa’s growth[J].Environmental Science,2001,22(1):23-26(in Chinese)
[15]杨世勇,王方,谢建春.重金属对植物的毒害及植物的耐性机制[J].安徽师范大学学报:自然科学版,2004,27(1):71-74Yang S Y,Wang F,Xie J C.Plant toxicity of heavy metals and the tolerant mechanisms of plants[J].Journal of Anhui Normal University:Nature Science,2004,27(1):71-74(in Chinese)
[16]Calabreseci E J.Evidence that hormesis represents an"overcompensation"response to a disruption in homeostasis[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,1999,42(2):135-137
[17]战玉杰,杨茹君,王修林,等.Hg(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)对海洋单细胞藻的急性毒性效应[J].生态毒理学报,2011,6(5):523-531Zhan Y J,Yang R J,Wang X L,et al.Acute toxic effect of Hg(Ⅱ)and Pb(Ⅱ)on marine unicellular algae[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2011,6(5):523-531(in Chinese)
[18]Corradi M G,Gorbi G.Chromium toxicity on two linked trophic levels II.Morphophysiological effects on Scenedesmus acutus[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,1993,25(1):72-78
[19]张首临,刘明星,李国基,等.4种重金属离子对海洋三角褐指藻生长影响的研究[J].海洋与湖沼,1995,26(6):582-585Zhang S L,Liu M X,Li G J,et al.Influence of toxicity of heavy metal ions to the growth of Phaeodactylum tricornutum[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,1995,26(6):582-585(in Chinese)
[20]Olguin H F,Salibian A,Puig A.Comparative sensitivity of Scenedesmus acutus and Chlorella pyrenoidosa as sentinel organisms for aquatic ecotoxicity assessment:Studies on a highly polluted urban river[J].Environmental Toxicology,2000,15(1):14-22
[21]Le J A,Charpin M,Deluchat V,et al.Effect of copper sulphate treatment on natural phytoplanktonic communities[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2006,80(3):267-280
[22]王丽,魏伟,周平,等.铜陵市河流冬季浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(1):243-250Wang L,Wei W,Zhou P,et al.Phytoplankton’s community structure and its relationships with environmental factors in the rivers of Tongling City,Anhui Province of East China in winter[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(1):243-250(in Chinese)
[23]田金,李超,宛立,等.海洋重金属污染的研究进展[J].水产科学,2009,28(7):413-418Tian J,Li C,Wan L,et al.The advances of heavy metal pollution in marine environment[J].Fisheris Science,2009,28(7):413-418(in Chinese)
[24]易志全,杨艺文,张际标,等.湛江港海水中铜、锌、铅、镉的周年变化与水质评价[J].广东海洋大学学报,2011,31(1):73-79Yi Z Q,Yang Y W,Zhang J B,et al.Seasonal change of contents of Cu,Zn,Pb and Cd and quality assessment in seawater of Zhanjiang Harbor[J].Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,2011,31(1):73-79(in Chinese)
[25]胡利芳.湛江湾海域养殖牡蛎的重金属富集及食用安全性分析[D].湛江:广东海洋大学,2011:24-35Hu L F.Heavy metal enrichment and edible safety analysis of cultured oyster in Zhanjiang Bay[D].Zhanjiang:Guangdong Ocean University,2011:24-35(in Chinese)
[26]刘芳文,颜文,苗莉,等.湛江港海域海水和表层沉积物重金属分布特征及其污染评价[J].海洋技术学报,2015,34(2):74-82Liu F W,Yan W,Miao L,et al.Distribution characteristics and pollution evaluation of heavy metals in the seawater and surface sediments from the Zhanjiang Harbor[J].Journal of Ocean Technology,2015,34(2):74-82(in Chinese)
[27]国家环境保护局.GB 3097—1997.海水水质标准[S].北京:国家环境保护局,1997State Bureau of Environmental Protection.GB 3097-1997.Seawater Quality Standard[S].Beijing:State Bureau of Environmental Protection,1997(in Chinese)
[28]陈清香,杨文,初庆柱.湛江硇洲岛海域19种贝类食用部位的重金属含量及评价[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(1):175-180Chen Q X,Yang W,Chu Q Z.Assessments on contents of heavy metals in the edible parts of 19 mollusks from Naozhou Island,Zhanjiang[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2011,20(1):175-180(in Chinese)
[29]Mohamed Z A,Al-Shehri A M.The link between shrimp farm runoff and blooms of toxic Heterosigma akashiwo in Red Sea coastal waters[J].Oceanologia,2012,54(2):287-309
[2]Keppler C J,Hoguet J,Smith K,et al.Sublethal effects of the toxic alga Heterosigma akashiwo on the southeastern oyster(Crassostrea virginica)[J].Harmful Algae,2005,4(2):275-285
[3]Kempton J,Keppler C J,Lewitus A,et al.A novel Heterosigma akashiwo(Raphidophyceae)bloom extending from a South Carolina bay to offshore waters[J].Harmful Algae,2008,7:235-240
[4]Haley S T,Alexander H,Juhl A R,et al.Transcriptional response of the harmful raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo to nitrate and phosphate stress[J].Harmful Algae,2017,68:258-270
[5]颜天,周名江,钱培元.赤潮异弯藻Heterosigma akashiwo的生长特性[J].海洋与湖沼,2002(2):209-214Yan T,Zhou M J,Qian P Y.Growth of fish-killing red tide species Raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2002(2):209-214(in Chinese)
[6]王燕,宋洪军,李艳,等.温度对赤潮异弯藻生长速率及细胞体积和生化组成影响的研究[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2015(1):41-46Wang Y,Song H J,Li Y,et al.Effect of temperature on the growth rate,cellvolume and biochemical composition of Heterosigma akashiwo Hada:An experimental study[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2015(1):41-46(in Chinese)
[7]Butrón A,Madariaga I,Orive E.Tolerance to high irradiance levels as a determinant of the bloom-forming Heterosigma akashiwo success in estuarine waters in summer[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2012,107(2):141-149
[8]刘青,张默,王仁锋,等.盐度和光照强度对赤潮异弯藻增长的效应[J].海洋湖沼通报,2015(1):35-40Liu Q,Zhang M,Wang R F,et al.Effects of salinity and illumination on the growth of Heterosigma akashiwo[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2015(1):35-40(in Chinese)
[9]Gao K S,Guan W C,Helbling E W.Effects of solar ultraviolet radiation on photosynthesis of the marine red tide alga Heterosigma akashiwo(Raphidophyceae)[J].Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B:Biology,2007,86(2):140-148
[10]刘青,王仁锋,王碧雪,等.光照强度和光照周期对赤潮异弯藻生长的影响[J].海洋环境科学,2013(1):43-48Liu Q,Wang R F,Wang B X,et al.Effects of photoperiod and irradiance on growth of Heterosigma akashiwo[J].Marine Environmental Science,2013(1):43-48(in Chinese)
[11]江艳,甘旭华,唐欣昀,等.氮磷营养因子对赤潮异弯藻生长的影响[J].应用生态学报,2006(3):3557-3559Jiang Y,Gan X H,Tang X Y,et al.Effects of nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus on Heterosigma akashiwo growth[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2006(3):3557-3559(in Chinese)
[12]张莹莹,王修林,战玉杰.Cu(Ⅱ)对海洋浮游植物生长影响的初步研究[J].生态毒理学报,2009,4(1):114-122Zhang Y Y,Wang X L,Zhan Y J.Effects of Cu(Ⅱ)on the growth of marine algae[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2009,4(1):114-122(in Chinese)
[13]张莹莹.Pb(Ⅱ)对海洋浮游植物生长的影响[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2004:15-28Zhang Y Y.Effects of Pb(Ⅱ)on the growth of marine phytoplankton[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2004:15-28(in Chinese)
[14]阎海,王杏君,林毅雄,等.铜、锌和锰抑制蛋白核小球藻生长的毒性效应[J].环境科学,2001,22(1):23-26Yan H,Wang X J,Lin Y X,et al.Toxic effects of Cu,Zn and Mn on the inhibition of Chlorella pyrenoidosa’s growth[J].Environmental Science,2001,22(1):23-26(in Chinese)
[15]杨世勇,王方,谢建春.重金属对植物的毒害及植物的耐性机制[J].安徽师范大学学报:自然科学版,2004,27(1):71-74Yang S Y,Wang F,Xie J C.Plant toxicity of heavy metals and the tolerant mechanisms of plants[J].Journal of Anhui Normal University:Nature Science,2004,27(1):71-74(in Chinese)
[16]Calabreseci E J.Evidence that hormesis represents an"overcompensation"response to a disruption in homeostasis[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,1999,42(2):135-137
[17]战玉杰,杨茹君,王修林,等.Hg(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)对海洋单细胞藻的急性毒性效应[J].生态毒理学报,2011,6(5):523-531Zhan Y J,Yang R J,Wang X L,et al.Acute toxic effect of Hg(Ⅱ)and Pb(Ⅱ)on marine unicellular algae[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2011,6(5):523-531(in Chinese)
[18]Corradi M G,Gorbi G.Chromium toxicity on two linked trophic levels II.Morphophysiological effects on Scenedesmus acutus[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,1993,25(1):72-78
[19]张首临,刘明星,李国基,等.4种重金属离子对海洋三角褐指藻生长影响的研究[J].海洋与湖沼,1995,26(6):582-585Zhang S L,Liu M X,Li G J,et al.Influence of toxicity of heavy metal ions to the growth of Phaeodactylum tricornutum[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,1995,26(6):582-585(in Chinese)
[20]Olguin H F,Salibian A,Puig A.Comparative sensitivity of Scenedesmus acutus and Chlorella pyrenoidosa as sentinel organisms for aquatic ecotoxicity assessment:Studies on a highly polluted urban river[J].Environmental Toxicology,2000,15(1):14-22
[21]Le J A,Charpin M,Deluchat V,et al.Effect of copper sulphate treatment on natural phytoplanktonic communities[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2006,80(3):267-280
[22]王丽,魏伟,周平,等.铜陵市河流冬季浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(1):243-250Wang L,Wei W,Zhou P,et al.Phytoplankton’s community structure and its relationships with environmental factors in the rivers of Tongling City,Anhui Province of East China in winter[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(1):243-250(in Chinese)
[23]田金,李超,宛立,等.海洋重金属污染的研究进展[J].水产科学,2009,28(7):413-418Tian J,Li C,Wan L,et al.The advances of heavy metal pollution in marine environment[J].Fisheris Science,2009,28(7):413-418(in Chinese)
[24]易志全,杨艺文,张际标,等.湛江港海水中铜、锌、铅、镉的周年变化与水质评价[J].广东海洋大学学报,2011,31(1):73-79Yi Z Q,Yang Y W,Zhang J B,et al.Seasonal change of contents of Cu,Zn,Pb and Cd and quality assessment in seawater of Zhanjiang Harbor[J].Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,2011,31(1):73-79(in Chinese)
[25]胡利芳.湛江湾海域养殖牡蛎的重金属富集及食用安全性分析[D].湛江:广东海洋大学,2011:24-35Hu L F.Heavy metal enrichment and edible safety analysis of cultured oyster in Zhanjiang Bay[D].Zhanjiang:Guangdong Ocean University,2011:24-35(in Chinese)
[26]刘芳文,颜文,苗莉,等.湛江港海域海水和表层沉积物重金属分布特征及其污染评价[J].海洋技术学报,2015,34(2):74-82Liu F W,Yan W,Miao L,et al.Distribution characteristics and pollution evaluation of heavy metals in the seawater and surface sediments from the Zhanjiang Harbor[J].Journal of Ocean Technology,2015,34(2):74-82(in Chinese)
[27]国家环境保护局.GB 3097—1997.海水水质标准[S].北京:国家环境保护局,1997State Bureau of Environmental Protection.GB 3097-1997.Seawater Quality Standard[S].Beijing:State Bureau of Environmental Protection,1997(in Chinese)
[28]陈清香,杨文,初庆柱.湛江硇洲岛海域19种贝类食用部位的重金属含量及评价[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(1):175-180Chen Q X,Yang W,Chu Q Z.Assessments on contents of heavy metals in the edible parts of 19 mollusks from Naozhou Island,Zhanjiang[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2011,20(1):175-180(in Chinese)
[29]Mohamed Z A,Al-Shehri A M.The link between shrimp farm runoff and blooms of toxic Heterosigma akashiwo in Red Sea coastal waters[J].Oceanologia,2012,54(2):287-309