陕西汉中农村成年女性膳食模式及其影响因素分析
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摘要
目的评价陕西汉中农村女性膳食模式,并探讨其影响因素。方法采用横断面研究,利用半定量食物频率问卷调查汉中地区18～80岁农村女性居民的膳食情况。采用因子分析评估整体膳食状况;应用多因素线性回归方法分析不同膳食模式的影响因素。结果共调查1 467人,研究对象存在谷薯类和油脂摄入过量,而肉类及蛋奶类摄入不足情况。因子分析提取4个主要因子,反映四种膳食结构类型。多因素线性回归分析显示,年龄、劳动强度和吸烟情况与均衡模式呈负相关(P<0.05),受教育水平、经济状况及进行体育锻炼与均衡模式呈正相关(P<0.05);财富指数与蔬菜模式和节俭模式呈负相关(P<0.05);年龄与蔬菜模式、节俭模式呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论农村女性的膳食结构以相对均衡的模式为主,但食物种类尚有限。有必要在不同人群中开展有针对性的干预措施。
Objective To evaluate the dietary pattern of rural women in Hanzhong,Shaanxi Province,and to investigate the influencing factors.Methods A cross-sectional survey on dietary status with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was conducted among rural female residents aged between 18 and 80years in Hanzhong,Shaanxi Province,in 2010.Factor analysis was used to identify food patterns based on food amount.Linear regression models were developed to identify factors related to different dietary patterns.Results We surveyed 1 467 rural females.The daily intake of grains and oils exceeded the RNI while animal food,diary food were below the normal intake.Four main factors were derived as four dietary patterns by factor analysis.Results of linear regression models indicated age,labor intensity and smoking were inversely associated with the balanced dietary pattern(P <0.05).Negative associations were found of wealth index,education level and physical activity with the balanced dietary pattern(P<0.05).Education level was negatively associated with vegetable and the economical dietary patterns(P<0.05).Age was positively associated with vegetable and economical dietary patterns(P<0.05).Conclusion A balanced dietary pattern may be predominant although types of foods are limited.Our study results call for specific intervention in improving the quality of diet among the female residents in Hanzhong.
Objective To evaluate the dietary pattern of rural women in Hanzhong,Shaanxi Province,and to investigate the influencing factors.Methods A cross-sectional survey on dietary status with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was conducted among rural female residents aged between 18 and 80years in Hanzhong,Shaanxi Province,in 2010.Factor analysis was used to identify food patterns based on food amount.Linear regression models were developed to identify factors related to different dietary patterns.Results We surveyed 1 467 rural females.The daily intake of grains and oils exceeded the RNI while animal food,diary food were below the normal intake.Four main factors were derived as four dietary patterns by factor analysis.Results of linear regression models indicated age,labor intensity and smoking were inversely associated with the balanced dietary pattern(P <0.05).Negative associations were found of wealth index,education level and physical activity with the balanced dietary pattern(P<0.05).Education level was negatively associated with vegetable and the economical dietary patterns(P<0.05).Age was positively associated with vegetable and economical dietary patterns(P<0.05).Conclusion A balanced dietary pattern may be predominant although types of foods are limited.Our study results call for specific intervention in improving the quality of diet among the female residents in Hanzhong.
引文
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[13]SHI Z,HU ZX,YUAN B,et al.Association between dietary patterns and anemia in adults from Jiangsu Province in eastern China[J].Br J Nutr,2006,96(5):906-912.
[14]宓伟,练武,杨曼丽,等.烟台市老年人膳食模式及其影响因素[J].卫生研究,2017,46(1):27-31.
[15]SHIMAZU T,KURIYAMA S,HOZAWA A,et al.Dietary patterns and cardiovascular disease mortality in Japan:A prospective cohort study[J].Int J Epidemiol,2007,36(3):600-609.
[16]LUKSIENE DI,BACEVICIENE M,TAMOSIUNAS A,et al.Health,alcohol and psychosocial factors in Eastern Europe study:Dietary patterns and their association with socio-demographic factors in the Lithuanian urban population of Kaunas city[J].Int J Public Health,2011,56(2):209-216.
[17]GLYNIS G,ROBERT I,GORDON R,et al.Nutrient demand and the allocation of time:Evidence from Guam[J].Applied Economics,1993,25(6):811-830.
[2]APPEL LJ,SACKS FM,CAREY VJ,et al.Omni Heart Collaborative Research Group.Effects of protein,monounsaturated fat,and carbohydrate intake on blood pressure and serum lipids.Results of the Omni Heart Randomized Trial[J].JAMA,2005,294(19):2455-2464.
[3]LIU RR,DANG SN,YAN H,et al.Association between dietary protein intake and the risk of hypertension:A cross-sectional study from rural western China[J].Hypertens Res,2013,36(11):972-979.
[4]LIU RR,MI BB,ZHAO YL,et al.Effect of B vitamins from diet on hypertension[J].Arch Med Res,2017,48(2017):187-194.
[5]刘如如,赵亚玲,颜虹,等.利用修订膳食平衡指数评价陕西省汉中农村地区居民膳食质量[J].中华流行病学杂志,2014,35(10):1087-1090.
[6]何宇纳,翟凤英,葛可佑.建立中国膳食平衡指数[J].卫生研究,2005,34(2):208-211.
[7]GIBSON RS.Principles of nutritional assessment[M].2nd ed.Oxford University Press,2005:Chapter 3.
[8]BACKHOLER K,SPENCER E,GEARON E,et al.The association between socio-economic position and diet quality in Australian adults[J].Public Health Nutr,2016,19(3):477-485.
[9]XU XY,HALL J,BYLES J,et al.Assessing dietary quality of older Chinese people using the Chinese Diet Balance Index(DBI)[J].PLoS One,2015,10(3):e0121618.
[10]FILMER D,PRITCHETT LH.Estimating wealth effects without expenditure data-or tears:An application to educational enrollments in states of India[J].Demography,2001,8(1):115-132.
[11]HU FB.Dietary pattern analysis:A new direction in nutritional epidemiology[J].Curr Opin Lipidol,2002,13(1):3-9.
[12]党少农,王振杰,康轶君,等.运用半定量食物频率调查法评估拉萨农村藏族婴幼儿母亲的膳食结构[J].中华流行病学,2010,31(4):394-399.
[13]SHI Z,HU ZX,YUAN B,et al.Association between dietary patterns and anemia in adults from Jiangsu Province in eastern China[J].Br J Nutr,2006,96(5):906-912.
[14]宓伟,练武,杨曼丽,等.烟台市老年人膳食模式及其影响因素[J].卫生研究,2017,46(1):27-31.
[15]SHIMAZU T,KURIYAMA S,HOZAWA A,et al.Dietary patterns and cardiovascular disease mortality in Japan:A prospective cohort study[J].Int J Epidemiol,2007,36(3):600-609.
[16]LUKSIENE DI,BACEVICIENE M,TAMOSIUNAS A,et al.Health,alcohol and psychosocial factors in Eastern Europe study:Dietary patterns and their association with socio-demographic factors in the Lithuanian urban population of Kaunas city[J].Int J Public Health,2011,56(2):209-216.
[17]GLYNIS G,ROBERT I,GORDON R,et al.Nutrient demand and the allocation of time:Evidence from Guam[J].Applied Economics,1993,25(6):811-830.