容重对铁尾矿水分运移特征的影响
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摘要
[目的]探究紧实度对铁尾矿水分运移特性的影响,为铁矿区水土保持及植被恢复提供科学依据。[方法]采用室内一维土柱试验和张力计法,分别测定1.50,1.55,1.60,1.65,1.70g/cm~3这5个容重水平下的入渗过程及水分特征曲线。[结果](1)随着容重增加,铁尾矿入渗能力降低,容重与稳渗率、湿润峰距离、累积入渗量呈显著线性负相关关系(p<0.05);(2)铁尾矿剖面水分含量随土层深度的增加而下降,1.50～1.60g/cm~3含水量在不同深度上分层明显,1.65和1.70g/cm~3尾矿砂剖面含水量分异性较小;(3)Green-Ampt模型拟合铁尾饱和导水率与实测值相关系数为0.886,计算精度较高,Kostiakov模型拟合不同容重铁尾矿入渗过程效果最佳(R~2=0.989);(4)铁尾矿在脱湿过程中,高容重下持水能力明显下降,1.60g/cm~3持水保水性最好,van Genuchten模型拟合水分特征曲线表明,饱和含水率(θ_s)、残余含水率(θ_r)、进气值(α)、形状系数(n)等参数随容重增大而减小。[结论]高度压实严重抑制铁尾矿水分入渗和持水能力,因此复垦修复中应以疏松尾矿基质改善结构特性为主。
[Objective]To investigate the influence of compactness on water transport characteristics of iron tailings sand,in order to provide scientific support for soil and water conservation and vegetation restoration in iron mining area.[Methods]The infiltration process and water characteristic curves were measured by means of one-dimensional soil column test and tensometer method at five bulk weight levels of 1.50,1.55,1.60,1.65 g/cm~3 and 1.70 g/cm~3.[Results](1) As the bulk density increased,the infiltration capacity of iron tailings decreased,and the bulk density had a significant linear negative correlation with the stability of the iron tailings,the cumulative infiltration and the wetting peak distance(p<0.05).(2) The water content of the tailings of 1.50～1.60 g/cm~3 was obviously stratified with depths,and the water content of the tailings sands of 1.65 g/cm~3 and 1.70 g/cm~3 was less.(3) The correlation coefficient between the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the iron tailings and the measured value of the Green-Ampt model was 0.886,and the calculation accuracy was high.The Kostiakov model was the best for fitting the different weight-bearing iron tailings infiltration process(R~2=0.989).(4) During the dehumidification process,the water holding capacity drop significantly at levels of high bulk density made.The water holding and water retention performance was the best at levels of 1.60 g/cm~3.The water characteristic curve fitted with van Genuchten model showed that the saturated water content,residual moisture content,air intake value and shape coefficient decreased with the increase of bulk density.[Conclusion]High compactness seriously inhibited water infiltration and water holding capacity of iron tailings.Loosing tailings matrix should be used to improve the structural properties in the reclamation.
[Objective]To investigate the influence of compactness on water transport characteristics of iron tailings sand,in order to provide scientific support for soil and water conservation and vegetation restoration in iron mining area.[Methods]The infiltration process and water characteristic curves were measured by means of one-dimensional soil column test and tensometer method at five bulk weight levels of 1.50,1.55,1.60,1.65 g/cm~3 and 1.70 g/cm~3.[Results](1) As the bulk density increased,the infiltration capacity of iron tailings decreased,and the bulk density had a significant linear negative correlation with the stability of the iron tailings,the cumulative infiltration and the wetting peak distance(p<0.05).(2) The water content of the tailings of 1.50～1.60 g/cm~3 was obviously stratified with depths,and the water content of the tailings sands of 1.65 g/cm~3 and 1.70 g/cm~3 was less.(3) The correlation coefficient between the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the iron tailings and the measured value of the Green-Ampt model was 0.886,and the calculation accuracy was high.The Kostiakov model was the best for fitting the different weight-bearing iron tailings infiltration process(R~2=0.989).(4) During the dehumidification process,the water holding capacity drop significantly at levels of high bulk density made.The water holding and water retention performance was the best at levels of 1.60 g/cm~3.The water characteristic curve fitted with van Genuchten model showed that the saturated water content,residual moisture content,air intake value and shape coefficient decreased with the increase of bulk density.[Conclusion]High compactness seriously inhibited water infiltration and water holding capacity of iron tailings.Loosing tailings matrix should be used to improve the structural properties in the reclamation.
引文
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[12]吴军虎,张铁钢,赵伟,等.容重对不同有机质含量土壤水分入渗特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(3):63-67.
[13]曾健,费良军,裴青宝.土壤容重对红壤水分垂直入渗特性的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报,2017,35(12):1081-1087.
[14]薛文强,周蓓蓓,毛通,等.纳米碳混合层对土壤水分入渗特性及水分分布影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(3):152-159.
[15]雷志栋,杨诗秀.土壤水动力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1988:5-216.
[16]佘冬立,刘营营,刘冬冬,等.土壤容重对海涂垦区粉砂土水分垂直入渗特征的影响研究[J].农业现代化研究,2012,33(6):749-761.
[17]张晓凤,张旭,蒋晶,等.北京奥林匹克森林公园典型下垫面入渗特性[J].清华大学学报:自然科学版,2012(2):223-228.
[18]赵云鹏,白一茹,王幼奇,等.城市绿地覆盖砂石后土壤水分入渗过程及模型分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2017,45(7):66-72.
[19]佘冬立,郑加兴,刘营营,等.围垦年限和土壤容重对海涂土壤水分运动参数的影响[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(2):120-125.
[20]吕殿青,邵明安,潘云.容重变化与土壤水分特征的依赖关系研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(3):209-212.
[21]付晓莉,邵明安.SWCC测定过程产生的容重变化对SWCC参数的影响[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(3):178-182.
[22]冯杰,尚熳廷,刘佩贵.大孔隙土壤与均质土壤水分特征曲线比较研究[J].土壤通报,2009,40(5):1006-1009.
[23]舒凯民,樊贵盛.砂壤黄土比水容量对土壤容重变异敏感性分析[J].土壤通报,2016,47(4):814-819.
[2]闵祥宇,李新举,李奇超.机械压实对复垦土壤粒径分布多重分形特征的影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(20):274-283.
[3]Stoessel F,Sonderegger T,Bayer P,et al.Assessing the environmental impacts of soil compaction in life cycle assessment[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,630(15):913-921.
[4]Bedi A,Singh B R,Deshmukh S K,et al.An Aspergillus aculateus strain was capable of producing agriculturally useful nanoparticles via bioremediation of iron ore tailings[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2018,215(1):100-107.
[5]吕春娟,毕如田,陈卫国,等.土壤结构调理剂PAM对复垦铁尾矿砂物理性状的影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(6):240-245.
[6]康金林,杨洁,刘窑军,等.初始含水率及容重影响下红壤水分入渗规律[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(1):122-126.
[7]裴青宝,赵新宇,张建丰,等.容重对红壤水平入渗特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(6):111-114.
[8]李卓,吴普特,冯浩,等.容重对土壤水分入渗能力影响模拟试验[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(6):40-45.
[9]孙增慧,张扬,王欢元.基于HYDRUS-1D模型的土壤容重对水分入渗影响的研究[J].西部大开发(土地开发工程研究),2017,2(7):20-17.
[10]胡振华,王电龙,呼起跃,等.风化煤矸石入渗规律模拟[J].中国水土保持科学,2008,6(2):55-59.
[11]赵新宇,高金龙,古鹏飞.容重对红壤水平入渗及氯离子运移特性影响[J].排灌机械工程学报,2016,34(4):346-350.
[12]吴军虎,张铁钢,赵伟,等.容重对不同有机质含量土壤水分入渗特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(3):63-67.
[13]曾健,费良军,裴青宝.土壤容重对红壤水分垂直入渗特性的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报,2017,35(12):1081-1087.
[14]薛文强,周蓓蓓,毛通,等.纳米碳混合层对土壤水分入渗特性及水分分布影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(3):152-159.
[15]雷志栋,杨诗秀.土壤水动力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1988:5-216.
[16]佘冬立,刘营营,刘冬冬,等.土壤容重对海涂垦区粉砂土水分垂直入渗特征的影响研究[J].农业现代化研究,2012,33(6):749-761.
[17]张晓凤,张旭,蒋晶,等.北京奥林匹克森林公园典型下垫面入渗特性[J].清华大学学报:自然科学版,2012(2):223-228.
[18]赵云鹏,白一茹,王幼奇,等.城市绿地覆盖砂石后土壤水分入渗过程及模型分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2017,45(7):66-72.
[19]佘冬立,郑加兴,刘营营,等.围垦年限和土壤容重对海涂土壤水分运动参数的影响[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(2):120-125.
[20]吕殿青,邵明安,潘云.容重变化与土壤水分特征的依赖关系研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(3):209-212.
[21]付晓莉,邵明安.SWCC测定过程产生的容重变化对SWCC参数的影响[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(3):178-182.
[22]冯杰,尚熳廷,刘佩贵.大孔隙土壤与均质土壤水分特征曲线比较研究[J].土壤通报,2009,40(5):1006-1009.
[23]舒凯民,樊贵盛.砂壤黄土比水容量对土壤容重变异敏感性分析[J].土壤通报,2016,47(4):814-819.