不同植物油在反刍动物生产应用中的研究进展
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摘要
植物油是从植物种子、果肉及其他部分提取所得的脂肪,主要包括单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸和磷脂。反刍动物日粮中添加植物油不仅能提高日粮能量,还能提高动物体内必需脂肪酸及功能性脂肪酸在畜产品中的含量。植物油在反刍动物应用中较为广泛,饲料中添加植物油,提高了日粮能量水平、乳肉中共轭亚油酸(CLA)的含量、奶牛生产性能,缓解热应激带来的损失及奶牛能量负平衡,改善了饲料的适口性及动物乳肉品质,增加了牧场经济效益。根据饲料营养水平科学配比植物油的添加量,不仅提高饲料的利用效率,节省饲料成本,还能增强反刍动物生产性能,对发展绿色养殖业发挥了重要的作用。文章结合国内外研究进展,综述了不同植物油在反刍动物生产中的应用。
Vegetable oil is obtained from plant seeds, pulp and other parts, mainly including monounsaturated fatty acids,polyunsaturated fatty acids and phospholipids. The addition of vegetable oil to ruminant diets not only increases dietary energy, but also increases the levels of essential fatty acids and functional fatty acids in animal products. Vegetable oil is widely used in ruminant application. Vegetable oil is added to the feed, which improves the energy level of the diet, the content of CLA in the milk, the performance of the cow, alleviate the loss caused by heat stress and the negative balance of energy in dairy cows, improve the palatability of feed and the quality of animal milk, and increases the pasture economic benefits. According to the nutritional level of feed, the scientific addition ratio of vegetable oil can not only improve the utilization efficiency of feed, save feed cost, but also enhance the production performance of ruminant, and play an important role in the development of green farming. Based on the research progress from home and abroad, this paper reviews the application of vegetable oil in the production of ruminants.
Vegetable oil is obtained from plant seeds, pulp and other parts, mainly including monounsaturated fatty acids,polyunsaturated fatty acids and phospholipids. The addition of vegetable oil to ruminant diets not only increases dietary energy, but also increases the levels of essential fatty acids and functional fatty acids in animal products. Vegetable oil is widely used in ruminant application. Vegetable oil is added to the feed, which improves the energy level of the diet, the content of CLA in the milk, the performance of the cow, alleviate the loss caused by heat stress and the negative balance of energy in dairy cows, improve the palatability of feed and the quality of animal milk, and increases the pasture economic benefits. According to the nutritional level of feed, the scientific addition ratio of vegetable oil can not only improve the utilization efficiency of feed, save feed cost, but also enhance the production performance of ruminant, and play an important role in the development of green farming. Based on the research progress from home and abroad, this paper reviews the application of vegetable oil in the production of ruminants.
引文
[1]王颖,严昌国,金英海,等.植物油在反刍动物饲料中的应用[J].饲料工业,2006(23):49-51.
[2]吴越.植物油中不饱和脂肪酸的分析与提取[D].长沙:湖南师范大学,2014.
[3]薛莉,黄晓荣,汪雪芳,等.食用植物油营养功能成分及检测技术的研究进展[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2017,8(2):446-451.
[4]中华人民共和国国家标准.GB/T 1535-2017大豆油[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2018.
[5]Cleef f D O S V,Ezequiel J M B,D'AUREA A P,et al.Feeding behavior,nutrient digestibility,feedlot performance,carcass traits,and meat characteristics of crossbred lambs fed high levels of yellow grease or soybean oil[J].Small Ruminant Research,2016,137:151-156.
[6]Fiorentini G,Messana J D,Jose Neto A,et al.Performance and meat quality of Nellore bulls fed crude glycerin combined with soybean oil[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2018,241:45-54.
[7]Fiorentini G,Messana J D,Dian P H M,et al.Digestibility,fermentation and rumen microbiota of crossbred heifers fed diets with different soybean oil availabilities in the rumen[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2013,181(1/4):26-34.
[8]中华人民共和国国家标准.GB/T 10464-2017葵花籽油[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2018.
[9]Razzaghi A,Valizadeh R,Naserian A A,et al.Effects of sucrose and sunflower oil addition to diet of Saanen dairy goats on performance and milk fatty acid profile[J].Livestock Science,2015,173:14-23.
[10]Manriquea E P,Ledesmab L M,Arizala J A,et al.The effect of sunflower seed oil supplementation on the milk fatty acid contents of cows fed leucaena in an intensive silvopastoral system[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2018,239:55-65.
[11]Almeida O C,Pires A V,Susin I,et al.Milk fatty acids profile and arterial blood milk fat precursors concentration of dairy goats fed increasing doses of soybean[J].Small Ruminant Research,2013,114(1):152-160.
[12]Wanapat M,Mapato C,Pilajun R.Effects of vegetable oil supplementation on feed intake,rumen fermentation,growth performance,and carcass characteristic of growing swamp buffaloes[J].Livestock Science,2011,135(1):32-37.
[13]Elghandour M M Y,Vallejo L H,Salem A Z M,et al.Effects of Schizochytrium microalgae and sunflower oil as sources of unsaturated fatty acids for the sustainable mitigation of ruminal biogases methane and carbon dioxide[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017,168:1389-1397.
[14]Soliva C R,Meile L,Cieslak A,et al.Rumen simulation technique study on the interacti-ons of dietary lauric and myristic acid supplementation in suppressing ruminal methanogenesis[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2004,92:689-700.
[15]Castillejos L,Calsamiglia S,Ferret A.Effect of essential oil active compounds on rumen microbial fermentation and nutrient Flow in in vitro systems[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89(7):2649-2658.
[16]邓乾春,禹晓,黄庆德,等.亚麻籽油的营养特性研究进展[J].天然产物研究与开发,2010,22(4):715-721.
[17]Kholif A E,Morsy T A,Abdo M M.Crushed flaxseed versus flaxseed oil in the diets o-f Nubian goats:Effect on feed intake,digestion,ruminal fermentation,blood chemistry,milk p-roduction,milk composition and milk fatty acid profile[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2018,244:66-75.
[18]Emami A,Fathi Nasri M H,Ganjkhanlou M,et al.Effect of pomegranate seed oil as a source of conjugated linolenic acid on performance and milk fatty acid profile of dairy goats[J].Livestock Science,2016,193:1-7.
[19]Almeida O C,Susin I,Gentil R S,et al.Plasma and milk fatty acid profiles in goats fed diets supplemented with oils from soybean,linseed or fish[J].Small Ruminant Research,2019,170:125-130.
[20]Correddu F,Gaspa G,Pulina G,et al.Grape seed and linseed,alone and in combination,enhance unsaturated fatty acids in the milk of Sarda dairy sheep[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2016,99(3):1725-1735.
[21]Blom E J,Brake D W.Effects of intake of linseed oil or tallow on nutrient digestion and nitrogen balance of beef steers consuming diets based on dryrolled corn[J].The Professional Animal Scientist,2018,34(5):447-459.
[22]Shi H P,Luo J,Zhang W,et al.Using safflower supplementation to improve the fatty acid profile in milk of dairy goat[J].Small Ruminant Research,2015,127:68-73.
[23]于安乐,高巍,张鹏飞,等.日粮中添加不同水平红花油对绵羊瘤胃体外发酵动力学的影响[J].饲料工业,2012,33(15):54-57.
[24]于安乐.日粮中添加不同油脂对绵羊瘤胃发酵和泌乳羊乳脂脂肪酸组成的影响[D].石河子:石河子大学,2008.
[25]Dschaak C M,Noviandi C T,Eun J S,et al.Ruminal fermentation,milk fatty acid profiles,and productive performance of Holstein dairy cows fed 2 different safflower seeds[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(10):5138-5150.
[26]中华人民共和国国家标准.GB 1536-2004菜籽油[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005.
[27]Parvar R,Ghoorchi T,Shargh M S.Influence of dietary oils on performance,blood m-etabolites,purine derivatives,cellulase activity and muscle fatty acid composition in fattening lambs[J].Small Ruminant Research,2017,150:22-29.
[28]Karami M,Ponnampalam E N,Hopkins D L.The effect of palm oil or canola oil on feedlot performance,plasma and tissue fatty acid profile and meat quality in goats[J].Meat Science,2013,94(2):165-169.
[29]Hoffmann A,G?lich S,Steingass H,et al.Milk production and milk fatty acids in dairy cows fed crushed rapeseed or rapeseed oil[J].Livestock Science,2016,190:31-34.
[30]张海波.日粮添加不同脂肪酸对泌乳早期奶牛糖和脂肪代谢的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2018,54(1):85-88.
[31]李万栋,郝力壮,刘书杰,等.灌注不同水平双低菜籽油对牦牛瘤胃发酵及血液生化指标的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(17):59-63.
[32]中华人民共和国国家标准.GB/T 19111-2017玉米油[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2018.
[33]李胜利,孙海洲,赵存发,等.日粮内添加玉米油对绵羊瘤胃内环境的影响[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2010,31(6/7):475-477.
[34]赵广永,杨雅芳,莫放,等.玉米油对秸秆瘤胃降解率与肉牛日粮消化率的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2000,5(3):102-105.
[35]Corriher V A,Hill G M,Bernard J K,et al.Performance of Finishing Steers on Corn Silage or Forage Sorghum Silage with Corn Oil Supplementation[J].The Professional Animal Scientist,2010,26(4):387-392.
[36]王挥,宋菲,曹飞宇,等.棕榈油的营养及功能性成分分析[J].热带农业科学,2014,34(6):71-74.
[37]Eknaes M,Chilliard Y,Hove K,et al.Feeding of palm oil fatty acids or rapeseed oil throughout lactation:Effects on energy status,body composition,and milk production in Norwegian dairy goats[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2017,100(9):7588-7601.
[38]张微,邢壮,莫放,等.过瘤胃保护脂肪对肉牛增重和营养物质表观消化率的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2009,45(7):26-28.
[39]Fiorentini G,Messana J D,Detmann E,et al.Supplementation with lipid sources alters the ruminal fermentation and duodenal flow of fatty acids in grazing Nellore steers[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2017,227:142-153.
[40]Glasser F,Ferlay A,Doreau M,et al.Long-chain fatty acid metabolism in dairy cows:a meta-analysis of milk fatty acid yield in relation to duodenal flows and de novo synthesis[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2008,91(7):2771-2785.
[41]中华人民共和国国家标准.GB 1537-2003棉籽油[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2003.
[42]Paim T D P,Abdalla A L,Louvandini H,et al.Carcass traits and fatty acid prfile of m-eat from lambs fed different cottonseed by-products[J].Small Ruminant Research,2014,116(2/3):71-77.
[43]Silva R V M M,Carvalho G G P D,Pereira L,et al.Cottonseed cake in substitution of soybean meal in diets for finishing lambs[J].Small Ruminant Research,2016,137:183-188.
[44]王平,王加启,龚月生.日粮中不同棉籽水平对肉牛瘤胃发酵的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2004(1):39-41.
[45]Chuntrakort P,Sommart K,Hayashi K,et al.The effect of dietary coconut kernels,whole cottonseeds and sunflower seeds on the intake,digestibility and enteric methane emissions of Zebu beef cattle fed rice straw based diets[J].Livestock Science,2014,161:80-89.
[46]Ferrinhoa A M,Nassu R T,Todda B M.Whole cottonseed,vitamin Eand finishing period affect the fatty acid profile and sensory traits of meat products from Nellore cattle[J].Meat Science,2018,138:15-22.
[47]Beck M R,Thompson L R,White J E,et al.Whole cottonseed supplementation improves performance and reduces methane emission intensity of grazing beef steers[J].The Professional Animal Scientist,2018,34(4):339-345.
[48]Cetingul I S,Bayram I,Akkaya A B,et al.The effects of hazelnut oil usage on live weight,carcass,rumen,some blood parameters and femur head ash in Akkaraman lambs[J].Meat Science,2009,83(4):647-650.
[49]Ghafari H,Rezaeian M,Sharifi S D,et al.Effects of dietary sesame oil on growth performance and fatty acid composition of muscle and tail fat in fattening Chaal lambs[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2016,220:216-225.
[50]Cabiddu A,Addis M,Fiori M,et al.Pros and cons of the supplementation with oilseed enriched concentrates on milk fatty acid profile of dairy sheep grazing Mediterranean pastures[J].Small Ruminant Research,2017,147:63-72.
[51]Matloup O H,Tawab A M A E,Hadhoud F I,et al.Performance of lactating Friesian cows fed a diet supplemented coriander oil:Feed intake,nutrient digestibility,ruminal fermentation,blood chemistry,and milk production[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2017,226:88-97.
[52]Costa D F A,Quigley S P,Isherwood P,et al.The inclusion of low quantities of lipids in the diet of ruminants fed low quality forages has little effect on rumen function[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2017,234:20-28.
[2]吴越.植物油中不饱和脂肪酸的分析与提取[D].长沙:湖南师范大学,2014.
[3]薛莉,黄晓荣,汪雪芳,等.食用植物油营养功能成分及检测技术的研究进展[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2017,8(2):446-451.
[4]中华人民共和国国家标准.GB/T 1535-2017大豆油[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2018.
[5]Cleef f D O S V,Ezequiel J M B,D'AUREA A P,et al.Feeding behavior,nutrient digestibility,feedlot performance,carcass traits,and meat characteristics of crossbred lambs fed high levels of yellow grease or soybean oil[J].Small Ruminant Research,2016,137:151-156.
[6]Fiorentini G,Messana J D,Jose Neto A,et al.Performance and meat quality of Nellore bulls fed crude glycerin combined with soybean oil[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2018,241:45-54.
[7]Fiorentini G,Messana J D,Dian P H M,et al.Digestibility,fermentation and rumen microbiota of crossbred heifers fed diets with different soybean oil availabilities in the rumen[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2013,181(1/4):26-34.
[8]中华人民共和国国家标准.GB/T 10464-2017葵花籽油[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2018.
[9]Razzaghi A,Valizadeh R,Naserian A A,et al.Effects of sucrose and sunflower oil addition to diet of Saanen dairy goats on performance and milk fatty acid profile[J].Livestock Science,2015,173:14-23.
[10]Manriquea E P,Ledesmab L M,Arizala J A,et al.The effect of sunflower seed oil supplementation on the milk fatty acid contents of cows fed leucaena in an intensive silvopastoral system[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2018,239:55-65.
[11]Almeida O C,Pires A V,Susin I,et al.Milk fatty acids profile and arterial blood milk fat precursors concentration of dairy goats fed increasing doses of soybean[J].Small Ruminant Research,2013,114(1):152-160.
[12]Wanapat M,Mapato C,Pilajun R.Effects of vegetable oil supplementation on feed intake,rumen fermentation,growth performance,and carcass characteristic of growing swamp buffaloes[J].Livestock Science,2011,135(1):32-37.
[13]Elghandour M M Y,Vallejo L H,Salem A Z M,et al.Effects of Schizochytrium microalgae and sunflower oil as sources of unsaturated fatty acids for the sustainable mitigation of ruminal biogases methane and carbon dioxide[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017,168:1389-1397.
[14]Soliva C R,Meile L,Cieslak A,et al.Rumen simulation technique study on the interacti-ons of dietary lauric and myristic acid supplementation in suppressing ruminal methanogenesis[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2004,92:689-700.
[15]Castillejos L,Calsamiglia S,Ferret A.Effect of essential oil active compounds on rumen microbial fermentation and nutrient Flow in in vitro systems[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89(7):2649-2658.
[16]邓乾春,禹晓,黄庆德,等.亚麻籽油的营养特性研究进展[J].天然产物研究与开发,2010,22(4):715-721.
[17]Kholif A E,Morsy T A,Abdo M M.Crushed flaxseed versus flaxseed oil in the diets o-f Nubian goats:Effect on feed intake,digestion,ruminal fermentation,blood chemistry,milk p-roduction,milk composition and milk fatty acid profile[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2018,244:66-75.
[18]Emami A,Fathi Nasri M H,Ganjkhanlou M,et al.Effect of pomegranate seed oil as a source of conjugated linolenic acid on performance and milk fatty acid profile of dairy goats[J].Livestock Science,2016,193:1-7.
[19]Almeida O C,Susin I,Gentil R S,et al.Plasma and milk fatty acid profiles in goats fed diets supplemented with oils from soybean,linseed or fish[J].Small Ruminant Research,2019,170:125-130.
[20]Correddu F,Gaspa G,Pulina G,et al.Grape seed and linseed,alone and in combination,enhance unsaturated fatty acids in the milk of Sarda dairy sheep[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2016,99(3):1725-1735.
[21]Blom E J,Brake D W.Effects of intake of linseed oil or tallow on nutrient digestion and nitrogen balance of beef steers consuming diets based on dryrolled corn[J].The Professional Animal Scientist,2018,34(5):447-459.
[22]Shi H P,Luo J,Zhang W,et al.Using safflower supplementation to improve the fatty acid profile in milk of dairy goat[J].Small Ruminant Research,2015,127:68-73.
[23]于安乐,高巍,张鹏飞,等.日粮中添加不同水平红花油对绵羊瘤胃体外发酵动力学的影响[J].饲料工业,2012,33(15):54-57.
[24]于安乐.日粮中添加不同油脂对绵羊瘤胃发酵和泌乳羊乳脂脂肪酸组成的影响[D].石河子:石河子大学,2008.
[25]Dschaak C M,Noviandi C T,Eun J S,et al.Ruminal fermentation,milk fatty acid profiles,and productive performance of Holstein dairy cows fed 2 different safflower seeds[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(10):5138-5150.
[26]中华人民共和国国家标准.GB 1536-2004菜籽油[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005.
[27]Parvar R,Ghoorchi T,Shargh M S.Influence of dietary oils on performance,blood m-etabolites,purine derivatives,cellulase activity and muscle fatty acid composition in fattening lambs[J].Small Ruminant Research,2017,150:22-29.
[28]Karami M,Ponnampalam E N,Hopkins D L.The effect of palm oil or canola oil on feedlot performance,plasma and tissue fatty acid profile and meat quality in goats[J].Meat Science,2013,94(2):165-169.
[29]Hoffmann A,G?lich S,Steingass H,et al.Milk production and milk fatty acids in dairy cows fed crushed rapeseed or rapeseed oil[J].Livestock Science,2016,190:31-34.
[30]张海波.日粮添加不同脂肪酸对泌乳早期奶牛糖和脂肪代谢的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2018,54(1):85-88.
[31]李万栋,郝力壮,刘书杰,等.灌注不同水平双低菜籽油对牦牛瘤胃发酵及血液生化指标的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(17):59-63.
[32]中华人民共和国国家标准.GB/T 19111-2017玉米油[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2018.
[33]李胜利,孙海洲,赵存发,等.日粮内添加玉米油对绵羊瘤胃内环境的影响[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2010,31(6/7):475-477.
[34]赵广永,杨雅芳,莫放,等.玉米油对秸秆瘤胃降解率与肉牛日粮消化率的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2000,5(3):102-105.
[35]Corriher V A,Hill G M,Bernard J K,et al.Performance of Finishing Steers on Corn Silage or Forage Sorghum Silage with Corn Oil Supplementation[J].The Professional Animal Scientist,2010,26(4):387-392.
[36]王挥,宋菲,曹飞宇,等.棕榈油的营养及功能性成分分析[J].热带农业科学,2014,34(6):71-74.
[37]Eknaes M,Chilliard Y,Hove K,et al.Feeding of palm oil fatty acids or rapeseed oil throughout lactation:Effects on energy status,body composition,and milk production in Norwegian dairy goats[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2017,100(9):7588-7601.
[38]张微,邢壮,莫放,等.过瘤胃保护脂肪对肉牛增重和营养物质表观消化率的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2009,45(7):26-28.
[39]Fiorentini G,Messana J D,Detmann E,et al.Supplementation with lipid sources alters the ruminal fermentation and duodenal flow of fatty acids in grazing Nellore steers[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2017,227:142-153.
[40]Glasser F,Ferlay A,Doreau M,et al.Long-chain fatty acid metabolism in dairy cows:a meta-analysis of milk fatty acid yield in relation to duodenal flows and de novo synthesis[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2008,91(7):2771-2785.
[41]中华人民共和国国家标准.GB 1537-2003棉籽油[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2003.
[42]Paim T D P,Abdalla A L,Louvandini H,et al.Carcass traits and fatty acid prfile of m-eat from lambs fed different cottonseed by-products[J].Small Ruminant Research,2014,116(2/3):71-77.
[43]Silva R V M M,Carvalho G G P D,Pereira L,et al.Cottonseed cake in substitution of soybean meal in diets for finishing lambs[J].Small Ruminant Research,2016,137:183-188.
[44]王平,王加启,龚月生.日粮中不同棉籽水平对肉牛瘤胃发酵的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2004(1):39-41.
[45]Chuntrakort P,Sommart K,Hayashi K,et al.The effect of dietary coconut kernels,whole cottonseeds and sunflower seeds on the intake,digestibility and enteric methane emissions of Zebu beef cattle fed rice straw based diets[J].Livestock Science,2014,161:80-89.
[46]Ferrinhoa A M,Nassu R T,Todda B M.Whole cottonseed,vitamin Eand finishing period affect the fatty acid profile and sensory traits of meat products from Nellore cattle[J].Meat Science,2018,138:15-22.
[47]Beck M R,Thompson L R,White J E,et al.Whole cottonseed supplementation improves performance and reduces methane emission intensity of grazing beef steers[J].The Professional Animal Scientist,2018,34(4):339-345.
[48]Cetingul I S,Bayram I,Akkaya A B,et al.The effects of hazelnut oil usage on live weight,carcass,rumen,some blood parameters and femur head ash in Akkaraman lambs[J].Meat Science,2009,83(4):647-650.
[49]Ghafari H,Rezaeian M,Sharifi S D,et al.Effects of dietary sesame oil on growth performance and fatty acid composition of muscle and tail fat in fattening Chaal lambs[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2016,220:216-225.
[50]Cabiddu A,Addis M,Fiori M,et al.Pros and cons of the supplementation with oilseed enriched concentrates on milk fatty acid profile of dairy sheep grazing Mediterranean pastures[J].Small Ruminant Research,2017,147:63-72.
[51]Matloup O H,Tawab A M A E,Hadhoud F I,et al.Performance of lactating Friesian cows fed a diet supplemented coriander oil:Feed intake,nutrient digestibility,ruminal fermentation,blood chemistry,and milk production[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2017,226:88-97.
[52]Costa D F A,Quigley S P,Isherwood P,et al.The inclusion of low quantities of lipids in the diet of ruminants fed low quality forages has little effect on rumen function[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2017,234:20-28.