两种盐度下饲料蛋白水平对凡纳滨对虾消化酶活力的比较研究
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摘要
本研究以实用饲料配方为基础,用5种梯度蛋白水平(29%,32%,35%,38%及41%)的配合饲料,在海水(32‰)和淡化水(2‰)养殖条件下进行凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)全程养殖实验,为期10周。旨在从对虾消化系统消化酶指标方面评价饲料蛋白质含量对凡纳滨对虾的影响。海水和淡化水养殖条件下,饲料蛋白水平对凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺和胃的4种主要消化酶胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶均有显著影响(p<0.05);不同盐度下,凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺的胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶活力均高于胃。对虾肝胰腺和胃的胃蛋白酶分别在饲料蛋白为35%和38%时活力最高。对虾肝胰腺和胃的胰蛋白酶活力都是随蛋白水平增加而升高。脂肪酶和淀粉酶活力与前两种蛋白酶的趋势相反,随饲料蛋白水平的增加而降低。海养凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺的胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力普遍高于淡养凡纳滨对虾。结果表明,蛋白含量38%和35%的配合饲料,可分别满足海水和淡化水养殖条件下凡纳滨对虾的生长需求。
Based on practical feed formulation, this study used compound feed of 5 gradient protein levels(29%,32%, 35%, 38%, and 41%) to conduct the whole culture experiment of L. vannamei under the conditions of sea water(32‰) and desalinated water(2‰), which lasted for 10 weeks. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary protein content on L. vannamei in terms of digestive enzymes in the digestive system of L.vannamei. The experimental results showed that in marine and freshwater conditions, dietary protein level had significant effects on the activities of four main pancreatic digestive enzymes(pepsin, trypsin, lipase and amylase)of hepatopancreas and stomach(p<0.05). Under different salinities, pepsin, trypsin activities of hepatopancreas of L. vannamei were higher than those of stomach. The pepsin of hepatopancreas and stomach of L. vannamei reached the highest when the level of dietary protein was 35% and 38%, respectively. The trypsin activity of hepatopancreas and stomach increased with the increase of dietary protein level. However, lipase and amylase decreased with the increase of dietary protein level, showing a trend in contrast with the two proteases. Pepsin, trypsin and amylase activities of hepatopancreas of L. vannamei in marine were all higher than those of L. vannamei in freshwater. The results of study indicated that dietary crude protein of 38% and 35% level could satisfy the growth requirement of maricultured and freshwater-cultured L. vannamei.
Based on practical feed formulation, this study used compound feed of 5 gradient protein levels(29%,32%, 35%, 38%, and 41%) to conduct the whole culture experiment of L. vannamei under the conditions of sea water(32‰) and desalinated water(2‰), which lasted for 10 weeks. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary protein content on L. vannamei in terms of digestive enzymes in the digestive system of L.vannamei. The experimental results showed that in marine and freshwater conditions, dietary protein level had significant effects on the activities of four main pancreatic digestive enzymes(pepsin, trypsin, lipase and amylase)of hepatopancreas and stomach(p<0.05). Under different salinities, pepsin, trypsin activities of hepatopancreas of L. vannamei were higher than those of stomach. The pepsin of hepatopancreas and stomach of L. vannamei reached the highest when the level of dietary protein was 35% and 38%, respectively. The trypsin activity of hepatopancreas and stomach increased with the increase of dietary protein level. However, lipase and amylase decreased with the increase of dietary protein level, showing a trend in contrast with the two proteases. Pepsin, trypsin and amylase activities of hepatopancreas of L. vannamei in marine were all higher than those of L. vannamei in freshwater. The results of study indicated that dietary crude protein of 38% and 35% level could satisfy the growth requirement of maricultured and freshwater-cultured L. vannamei.
引文
Chen Y.F.,Li Z.J.,Niu J.,Wang S.,Liu H.Z.,Chen Y.Q.,Wang Y.,and Huang Z.,2012,E ffects of dietary protein level on protien appare nt d igestibility and digestive enzyme activitives of Litopenaeus vannamei at different sizes,Nanfang Shuichan Kexue(South China Fisheries Science),8(5):66-71(陈义方,李卓佳,牛津,王胜,林黑着,陈永青,王芸,黄忠,2012,饲料蛋白水平对不同规格凡纳滨对虾蛋白质表观消化率和消化酶活性的影响,南方水产科学,8(5):66-71)
Cheng K.M.,Hu C.Q.,Liu Y.N.,Zheng S.X.,and Qi X.J.,2005,Dietary magnesium requirement and physiological responses of marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei reared in low salinity water,Aquaculture Nutrition,11(5):385-393
He J.X.,Ding F.Q.,Song G.T.,and Wang X.,2009,Effects of dietary prot ein levels and energy to protein ratios on growth and protease activity in red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkia,Shuichan Kexue(Fisheries Science),28(12):741-744(何吉祥,丁凤琴,宋光同,汪翔,2009,蛋白质水平及能量蛋白比对克氏原螯虾生长与蛋白酶活力的影响,水产科学,28(12):741-744)
Hu Q.X.,and Lu J.S.,1990,Preliminary analysis of the relation of growth of Penaeus orientalis Kishinouye with environmental factors,Donghai Haiyang(Donghai Marine Science),8(2):59-62(胡钦贤,陆建生,1990,中国对虾生长与环境因子关系的初步探讨,东海海洋,8(2):58-62)
Huang Y.H.,Wang G.X.,Liu X.H.,Zhou Y.,and Cheng J.D.,2008,Effects of temperature and p H on activities of digestive enzymes in Penaeus vannamei,Huanan Nongye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of South China Agricultural University),29(4):87-90,94(黄燕华,王国霞,刘襄河,周晔,程军德,2008,温度和p H对南美白对虾主要消化酶活性的影响,华南农业大学学报,29(4):87-90,94)
Li S.J.,Tang H.,and Wang G.Z.,2000,Experiment studies on the diel variations of digestive enzyme activities in the larvae of mud crab,Scylla serrata(Forskal),Xiamen Daxue Xuebao(Ziran Kexue Ban)(Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science)),39(6):831-836(李少菁,汤鸿,王桂忠,2000,锯缘青蟹幼体消化酶活力昼夜节律的实验研究,厦门大学学报(自然科学版),39(6):831-836)
Li Y.,Sun G.X.,Liu Y.,Gao T.T.,Yu K.S.,and Liu J.L.,2011,Effect of temperature on feed intake,growth and digestive enzyme activity of turbot Scophthatmus maximus L.in high stocking density of closed recirculation aquaculture system,Yuye Kexue Jinzhan(Progress in Fishery Sciences),32(6):17-24(李勇,孙国祥,柳阳,高婷婷,于凯松,刘佳亮,2011,温度对高密度循环海水养殖大菱鲆摄食,生长及消化酶的影响,渔业科学进展,32(6):17-24)
Liang M.Q.,Wang S.W.,Wang J.L.,and Chang Q.,2008,Difference in growth performance,ACP and AKP activity and RNA/DNA ratio of Litopenaeus vannamei cultured in seawater and low salinity water,Haiyang Shuichan Yanjiu(Marine Fisheries Science),29(4):69-73(梁萌青,王士稳,王家林,常青,2008,海水养殖与低盐养殖凡纳滨对虾生长性能,酶活及RNA/DNA比值的差异,海洋水产研究,29(4):69-73)
Lin S.M.,Luo L.,Ye Y.T.,Zhou J.S.,and Yang J.K.,2000,Effects of protein to energy ration on protease activities and apparent digestibility for Eriocheir sinensis,Zhongguo Shuichan Kexue(Journal of Fishery Sciences of China),7(3):33-37(林仕梅,罗莉,叶元土,周继术,薛敏,杨军科,2000,蛋白能量比对中华绒螯蟹蛋白酶活力及饲料消化率的影响,中国水产科学,7(3):33-36)
Pan L.Q.,Ma S.,and Wang K.X.,1997,Effects of temperature on growth development and digestive enzyme activities of the larvae of Penaeus chinensis,Zhongguo Shuichan Kexue(Journal of Fishery Sciences of China),4(3):17-22(潘鲁青,马甡,王克行,1997,温度对中国对虾幼体生长发育与消化酶活力的影响,中国水产科学,4(3):17-22)
Pavasovicl A.,Anderson A.J.,Mather P.B.,and Richardson N.A.,2007,Influence of dietary protein on digestive enzyme activity,growth and tail muscle composition in redclaw crayfish,Cherax quadricarinatus(cvon Martens),Aquaculture Research,38(6):644-652
Shen W.Y.,Hu H.G.,and Pan Y.J.,2004,Effects of temperature and p H on activity of digestive enzymes in shrimp Penaeus vannmei,Haiyang Yu Huzhao(Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica),35(6):543-548(沈文英,胡洪国,潘雅娟,2004,温度和p H值对南美白对虾(Penaeus vannmei)消化酶活性的影响,海洋与湖沼,35(6):543-548)
Tang H.,Li S.J.,Wang G.Z.,and Lin Q.W.,1995,The expermental studies on the digestive enzyme activities in the larvae of the mud crab Scylla serrata(Forsk覽l),Xiamen Daxue Xuebao(Ziran Kexue Ban)(Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science)),34(1):88-93(汤鸿,李少菁,王桂忠,林琼武,1995,锯缘青蟹幼体消化酶活力,厦门大学学报(自然科版),34(1):88-93)
Wu Y.,Sun J.M.,and Zhou Z.C.,1997,The effect of temperature on the main digestive enzyme activity of Penaeus chinensis and Penaeus japonicus,Dalian Shuichan Xueyuan Xuebao(Journal of Dalian Fisheries University),12(2):15-22(吴垠,孙建明,周遵春,1997,温度对中国对虾,日本对虾主要消化酶活性的影响,大连水产学院学报,12(2):15-22)
Wu Y.,Sun J.M.,Zhou Z.C.,and Gui Y.M.,2003,The effects of dietary protein levels on the growth and activities of digestive enzymes in shrimp,Penaeus chinensis,Dalian Shuichan Xueyuan Xuebao(Journal of Dalian Fisheries University),18(4):258-262(吴垠,孙建明,周遵春,桂远明,2003,饲料蛋白质水平对中国对虾生长和消化酶活性的影响,大连水产学院学报,18(4):258-262)
Cheng K.M.,Hu C.Q.,Liu Y.N.,Zheng S.X.,and Qi X.J.,2005,Dietary magnesium requirement and physiological responses of marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei reared in low salinity water,Aquaculture Nutrition,11(5):385-393
He J.X.,Ding F.Q.,Song G.T.,and Wang X.,2009,Effects of dietary prot ein levels and energy to protein ratios on growth and protease activity in red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkia,Shuichan Kexue(Fisheries Science),28(12):741-744(何吉祥,丁凤琴,宋光同,汪翔,2009,蛋白质水平及能量蛋白比对克氏原螯虾生长与蛋白酶活力的影响,水产科学,28(12):741-744)
Hu Q.X.,and Lu J.S.,1990,Preliminary analysis of the relation of growth of Penaeus orientalis Kishinouye with environmental factors,Donghai Haiyang(Donghai Marine Science),8(2):59-62(胡钦贤,陆建生,1990,中国对虾生长与环境因子关系的初步探讨,东海海洋,8(2):58-62)
Huang Y.H.,Wang G.X.,Liu X.H.,Zhou Y.,and Cheng J.D.,2008,Effects of temperature and p H on activities of digestive enzymes in Penaeus vannamei,Huanan Nongye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of South China Agricultural University),29(4):87-90,94(黄燕华,王国霞,刘襄河,周晔,程军德,2008,温度和p H对南美白对虾主要消化酶活性的影响,华南农业大学学报,29(4):87-90,94)
Li S.J.,Tang H.,and Wang G.Z.,2000,Experiment studies on the diel variations of digestive enzyme activities in the larvae of mud crab,Scylla serrata(Forskal),Xiamen Daxue Xuebao(Ziran Kexue Ban)(Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science)),39(6):831-836(李少菁,汤鸿,王桂忠,2000,锯缘青蟹幼体消化酶活力昼夜节律的实验研究,厦门大学学报(自然科学版),39(6):831-836)
Li Y.,Sun G.X.,Liu Y.,Gao T.T.,Yu K.S.,and Liu J.L.,2011,Effect of temperature on feed intake,growth and digestive enzyme activity of turbot Scophthatmus maximus L.in high stocking density of closed recirculation aquaculture system,Yuye Kexue Jinzhan(Progress in Fishery Sciences),32(6):17-24(李勇,孙国祥,柳阳,高婷婷,于凯松,刘佳亮,2011,温度对高密度循环海水养殖大菱鲆摄食,生长及消化酶的影响,渔业科学进展,32(6):17-24)
Liang M.Q.,Wang S.W.,Wang J.L.,and Chang Q.,2008,Difference in growth performance,ACP and AKP activity and RNA/DNA ratio of Litopenaeus vannamei cultured in seawater and low salinity water,Haiyang Shuichan Yanjiu(Marine Fisheries Science),29(4):69-73(梁萌青,王士稳,王家林,常青,2008,海水养殖与低盐养殖凡纳滨对虾生长性能,酶活及RNA/DNA比值的差异,海洋水产研究,29(4):69-73)
Lin S.M.,Luo L.,Ye Y.T.,Zhou J.S.,and Yang J.K.,2000,Effects of protein to energy ration on protease activities and apparent digestibility for Eriocheir sinensis,Zhongguo Shuichan Kexue(Journal of Fishery Sciences of China),7(3):33-37(林仕梅,罗莉,叶元土,周继术,薛敏,杨军科,2000,蛋白能量比对中华绒螯蟹蛋白酶活力及饲料消化率的影响,中国水产科学,7(3):33-36)
Pan L.Q.,Ma S.,and Wang K.X.,1997,Effects of temperature on growth development and digestive enzyme activities of the larvae of Penaeus chinensis,Zhongguo Shuichan Kexue(Journal of Fishery Sciences of China),4(3):17-22(潘鲁青,马甡,王克行,1997,温度对中国对虾幼体生长发育与消化酶活力的影响,中国水产科学,4(3):17-22)
Pavasovicl A.,Anderson A.J.,Mather P.B.,and Richardson N.A.,2007,Influence of dietary protein on digestive enzyme activity,growth and tail muscle composition in redclaw crayfish,Cherax quadricarinatus(cvon Martens),Aquaculture Research,38(6):644-652
Shen W.Y.,Hu H.G.,and Pan Y.J.,2004,Effects of temperature and p H on activity of digestive enzymes in shrimp Penaeus vannmei,Haiyang Yu Huzhao(Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica),35(6):543-548(沈文英,胡洪国,潘雅娟,2004,温度和p H值对南美白对虾(Penaeus vannmei)消化酶活性的影响,海洋与湖沼,35(6):543-548)
Tang H.,Li S.J.,Wang G.Z.,and Lin Q.W.,1995,The expermental studies on the digestive enzyme activities in the larvae of the mud crab Scylla serrata(Forsk覽l),Xiamen Daxue Xuebao(Ziran Kexue Ban)(Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science)),34(1):88-93(汤鸿,李少菁,王桂忠,林琼武,1995,锯缘青蟹幼体消化酶活力,厦门大学学报(自然科版),34(1):88-93)
Wu Y.,Sun J.M.,and Zhou Z.C.,1997,The effect of temperature on the main digestive enzyme activity of Penaeus chinensis and Penaeus japonicus,Dalian Shuichan Xueyuan Xuebao(Journal of Dalian Fisheries University),12(2):15-22(吴垠,孙建明,周遵春,1997,温度对中国对虾,日本对虾主要消化酶活性的影响,大连水产学院学报,12(2):15-22)
Wu Y.,Sun J.M.,Zhou Z.C.,and Gui Y.M.,2003,The effects of dietary protein levels on the growth and activities of digestive enzymes in shrimp,Penaeus chinensis,Dalian Shuichan Xueyuan Xuebao(Journal of Dalian Fisheries University),18(4):258-262(吴垠,孙建明,周遵春,桂远明,2003,饲料蛋白质水平对中国对虾生长和消化酶活性的影响,大连水产学院学报,18(4):258-262)