复合植物提取物替代饲用抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清指标的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加复合植物(含石榴皮、艾叶、南五味子和吴茱萸)提取物替代饲用抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清指标的影响。试验1:选取8 kg、30日龄左右的断奶仔猪160头,随机分为4组,各组分别在基础饲粮中添加金霉素107 mg/kg+黄霉素40 mg/kg(对照)及0.05%、0.10%和0.20%的复合植物提取物,每组4个重复,每个重复10头仔猪,试验期28 d。试验2:选取11 kg、40日龄左右的断奶仔猪120头,随机分为3组,无抗组采用基础饲粮,另外2组分别在基础饲粮中添加金霉素67 mg/kg+黄霉素20 mg/kg(抗生素组)和0.10%的复合植物提取物组,试验期35 d。试验1结果显示:与对照组相比,各复合植物提取物组仔猪平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)和料重比(F/G)均无显著变化(P>0.05),且0.10%的添加量具有较好的ADG,比对照组提高2.44%。试验2结果显示:与无抗组相比,0.10%的复合植物提取物可使仔猪ADG显著提高21.39%(P<0.05),使血清中白蛋白(ALB)、胆固醇(CHOL)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和一氧化氮(NO)含量均显著降低(P<0.05),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力显著升高(P<0.05),铜蓝蛋白(CER)活力显著降低(P<0.05);与抗生素组相比,0.10%的复合植物提取物可使仔猪ADG显著提高15.07%(P<0.05),使血清中尿素氮(UN)、LDL-C和NO含量均显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,0.10%的复合植物提取物可替代饲用抗生素(金霉素+黄霉素),提高仔猪的生长性能,具有抗应激和抗氧化功能。
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of composite plant extracts( CPE)( from granatum,argy wormwood leaf,Kadsura japonica L. and Fructus evodiae rutaecarpae) replacing feed antibiotics on growth performance and serum indexes of weaned piglets. In experiment 1,a total of 160 weaned piglets weighted about 8 kg at about 30 days of age were selected and randomly allocated into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 4 piglets per replicate. Piglets in different groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with aureomycin 107 mg/kg+flavomycin 40 mg/kg( control) and CPE at 0.05%,0.10% and 0.20% for 28 d,respectively.In experiment 2,a total of 120 weaned piglets weighted about 11 kg at about 40 days of age were selected and randomly allocated into 3 groups. Piglets in antibiotic-free group were fed the basal diet,and those in the other two groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with aureomycin 67 mg/kg+flavomycin 20 mg/kg( antibiotics group) and CPE at 0.10% for 35 d,respectively. The results of experiment 1 showed as follows:compared with control group,average daily gain( ADG),average daily feed intake( ADFI) and feed/gain( F/G) of CPE groups were not significantly changed( P>0.05),and 0.10% CPE group had better ADG,which was 2.44% higher than control group( P>0.05). The results of experiment 2 showed as follows: compared with antibiotic-free group,in 0. 10% CPE group,ADG was significantly increased by 21. 39%( P <0.05),the contents of serum albumin( ALB),cholesterol( CHOL),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol( LDL-C) and nitric oxide( NO) were significantly decreased( P < 0. 05),serum glutathione peroxidase( GSH-Px) activity was significantly increased( P<0.05),and serum ceruloplasmin( CER) activity was significantly decreased( P<0.05); compared with antibiotic group,in 0.10% CPE group,ADG was significantly increased by 15.07%( P<0.05),the contents of serum urea nitrogen( UN),LDL-C and NO were significantly decreased( P < 0. 05). Collectively, CPE supplementation at 0. 10% can replace feed antibiotics( aureomycin+flavomycin),improve growth performance,and has anti-stress and anti-oxidation functions in weaned piglets.
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of composite plant extracts( CPE)( from granatum,argy wormwood leaf,Kadsura japonica L. and Fructus evodiae rutaecarpae) replacing feed antibiotics on growth performance and serum indexes of weaned piglets. In experiment 1,a total of 160 weaned piglets weighted about 8 kg at about 30 days of age were selected and randomly allocated into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 4 piglets per replicate. Piglets in different groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with aureomycin 107 mg/kg+flavomycin 40 mg/kg( control) and CPE at 0.05%,0.10% and 0.20% for 28 d,respectively.In experiment 2,a total of 120 weaned piglets weighted about 11 kg at about 40 days of age were selected and randomly allocated into 3 groups. Piglets in antibiotic-free group were fed the basal diet,and those in the other two groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with aureomycin 67 mg/kg+flavomycin 20 mg/kg( antibiotics group) and CPE at 0.10% for 35 d,respectively. The results of experiment 1 showed as follows:compared with control group,average daily gain( ADG),average daily feed intake( ADFI) and feed/gain( F/G) of CPE groups were not significantly changed( P>0.05),and 0.10% CPE group had better ADG,which was 2.44% higher than control group( P>0.05). The results of experiment 2 showed as follows: compared with antibiotic-free group,in 0. 10% CPE group,ADG was significantly increased by 21. 39%( P <0.05),the contents of serum albumin( ALB),cholesterol( CHOL),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol( LDL-C) and nitric oxide( NO) were significantly decreased( P < 0. 05),serum glutathione peroxidase( GSH-Px) activity was significantly increased( P<0.05),and serum ceruloplasmin( CER) activity was significantly decreased( P<0.05); compared with antibiotic group,in 0.10% CPE group,ADG was significantly increased by 15.07%( P<0.05),the contents of serum urea nitrogen( UN),LDL-C and NO were significantly decreased( P < 0. 05). Collectively, CPE supplementation at 0. 10% can replace feed antibiotics( aureomycin+flavomycin),improve growth performance,and has anti-stress and anti-oxidation functions in weaned piglets.
引文
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[16]韩杰,张飞,边连全.刺五加多糖对免疫应激断奶仔猪免疫器官指数、粪便微生物菌群数量和胃肠道pH的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(8):2314-2319.
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[19]GONEAU L W,HANNAN T J,MACPHEE R A,et al.Subinhibitory antibiotic therapy alters recurrent urinary tract infection pathogenesis through modulation of bacterial virulence and host immunity[J].mBio,2015,6(2):e00356.
[20]WANG J P,YOO J S,KIM H J,et al.Nutrient digestibility,blood profiles and fecal microbiota are influenced by chitooligosaccharide supplementation of growing pigs[J].Livestock Science,2009,125(2/3):298-303.
[21]FU L,XU J,BAO X W,et al.Study on antioxidation effect of polyphenols from pomegranate peel in vivo[J].Agricultural Science&Technology,2016,17(1):164-167.
[22]BRENES A,ROURA E.Essential oils in poultry nutrition:main effects and modes of action[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2010,158(1/2):1-14.
[23]LILAMAND M,KELAIDITI E,GUYONNET S,et al.Flavonoids and arterial stiffness:promising perspectives[J].Nutrition,Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases,2014,24(7):698-704.
[24]CHUNG Y H,MC GEOUGH E J,ACHARYA S,et al.Enteric methane emission,diet digestibility,and nitrogen excretion from beef heifers fed sainfoin or alfalfa[J].Journal of Animal Science,2013,91(10):4861-4874.
[25]OZDAL T,SELA D A,XIAO J B,et al.The reciprocal interactions between polyphenols and gut microbiota and effects on bioaccessibility[J].Nutrients,2016,8(2):78.
[26]杨炳友,孟永海,宋佳欣,等.吴茱萸多糖水提工艺优化研究[J].中医药学报,2012,40(2):66-69.
[27]张勇,李跃,朱宇旌,等.急性期蛋白及其在动物应激过程中的作用[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(11):1877-1883.
[28]王若瑾,袁保京,金立志.天然植物提取物添加剂生物学功能与综合性功能研究综述[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(8):72-8.
[2]VAN BOECKEL T P,BROWER C,GILBERT M,et al.Global trends in antimicrobial use in food animals[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2015,112(18):5649-5654.
[3]孙雨晴.复合植物提取物的组方、安全性评价及其在小鼠上的应用研究[D].硕士学位论文.金华:浙江师范大学,2012.
[4]ABREU A C,MCBAIN A J,SIMOES M.Plants as sources of new antimicrobials and resistance-modifying agents[J].Natural Product Reports,2012,29(9):1007-1021.
[5]BRAVO D,PIRGOZLIEV V,ROSE S P.A mixture of carvacrol,cinnamaldehyde,and capsicum oleoresin improves energy utilization and growth performance of broiler chickens fed maize-based diet[J].Journal of Animal Science,2014,92(4):1531-1536.
[6]MURPHYA P,BELLO F D,O’DOHERTY J V,et al.The effects of liquid versus spray-dried Laminaria digitata extract on selected bacterial groups in the piglet gastrointestinal tract(GIT)microbiota[J].Anaerobe,2013,21:1-8.
[7]FASINA F O,OLAOKUN O O,OLADIPO O O,et al.Phytochemical analysis and in-vitro anti-African swine fever virus activity of extracts and fractions of Ancistrocladus uncinatus,Hutch and Dalziel(Ancistrocladaceae)[J].BMC Veterinary Research,2013,9:120.
[8]DE SANTIS FERREIA L,CALLEJOND R,ENGEMANN A,et al.In vitro metabolism of grandisin,alignan with anti-chagasic activity[J].Planta Medica,2012,78(18):1939-1941.
[9]WINDISCH W,SCHEDLE K,PLITZNER C,et al.Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry[J].Journal of Animal Science,2008,86(Suppl.14):E140-E148.
[10]GESSNER D K,FIESEL A,MOST E,et al.Supplementation of a grape seed and grape marc meal extract decreases activities of the oxidative stress-responsive transcription factors NF-κB and Nrf2 in the duodenal mucosa of pigs[J].Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica,2013,55:18.
[11]PLACHA I,TAKACOVA J,RYZNER M,et al.Effect of thyme essential oil and selenium on intestine integrity and antioxidant status of broilers[J].British Poultry Science,2014,55(1):105-114.
[12]黄其春,黄翠琴,陈彤,等.银杏叶提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠黏膜形态及屏障通透性的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2014,50(19):74-77.
[13]LIU G,GUAN G P,FANG J,et al.Macleaya cordata extract decreased diarrhea score and enhanced intestinal barrier function in growing piglets[J].BioMed Research International,2016,2016:1069585.
[14]史东辉,李轶欣,马学会,等.止痢草提取物的抗氧化作用及其对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2010,46(7):46-49.
[15]HAO Y,LI D F,PIAO X L,et al.Forsythia suspensa extract alleviates hypersensitivity induced by soybeanβ-conglycinin in weaned piglets[J].Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2010,128(2):412-418.
[16]韩杰,张飞,边连全.刺五加多糖对免疫应激断奶仔猪免疫器官指数、粪便微生物菌群数量和胃肠道pH的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(8):2314-2319.
[17]李枚,高鹏,徐良梅,等.五味子提取物对断奶仔猪血液生化指标和抗氧化能力的影响[J].中国饲料,2007(20):17-19.
[18]胡金杰,曹霞,吴志锋.植物提取物在猪生产中的研究进展.饲料博览,2016(9):25-27.
[19]GONEAU L W,HANNAN T J,MACPHEE R A,et al.Subinhibitory antibiotic therapy alters recurrent urinary tract infection pathogenesis through modulation of bacterial virulence and host immunity[J].mBio,2015,6(2):e00356.
[20]WANG J P,YOO J S,KIM H J,et al.Nutrient digestibility,blood profiles and fecal microbiota are influenced by chitooligosaccharide supplementation of growing pigs[J].Livestock Science,2009,125(2/3):298-303.
[21]FU L,XU J,BAO X W,et al.Study on antioxidation effect of polyphenols from pomegranate peel in vivo[J].Agricultural Science&Technology,2016,17(1):164-167.
[22]BRENES A,ROURA E.Essential oils in poultry nutrition:main effects and modes of action[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2010,158(1/2):1-14.
[23]LILAMAND M,KELAIDITI E,GUYONNET S,et al.Flavonoids and arterial stiffness:promising perspectives[J].Nutrition,Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases,2014,24(7):698-704.
[24]CHUNG Y H,MC GEOUGH E J,ACHARYA S,et al.Enteric methane emission,diet digestibility,and nitrogen excretion from beef heifers fed sainfoin or alfalfa[J].Journal of Animal Science,2013,91(10):4861-4874.
[25]OZDAL T,SELA D A,XIAO J B,et al.The reciprocal interactions between polyphenols and gut microbiota and effects on bioaccessibility[J].Nutrients,2016,8(2):78.
[26]杨炳友,孟永海,宋佳欣,等.吴茱萸多糖水提工艺优化研究[J].中医药学报,2012,40(2):66-69.
[27]张勇,李跃,朱宇旌,等.急性期蛋白及其在动物应激过程中的作用[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(11):1877-1883.
[28]王若瑾,袁保京,金立志.天然植物提取物添加剂生物学功能与综合性功能研究综述[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(8):72-8.