反刍动物饲用抗生素替代物研究进展
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摘要
抗生素的违规使用威胁着畜牧业的健康发展,寻找可靠的抗生素替代物以减少抗生素的使用已成为当务之急。作者总结了反刍动物饲料中使用的抗生素种类,综述了益生菌、植物提取物、酶制剂、有机酸、抗菌肽、功能性寡糖等主要的反刍动物饲用抗生素替代物的作用机理,重点阐述了反刍动物饲用抗生素替代物对反刍动物瘤胃发酵、微生物区系、免疫机能及生产性能影响的研究进展,并对反刍动物饲用抗生素替代物在实际生产中的应用进行了展望,以期为后续对反刍动物饲用抗生素替代物的研究和应用提供参考。
Misuse of antibiotics imperils the development of animal husbandry in China,it is important to find reliable alternatives to antibiotics to reduce the use of antibiotics.This review summarizes the most common antibiotic feed additives already being used in ruminant feed,and gives an overview of the mechanism of alternative feed additives,such as probiotics,plant extracts,exogenous enzymes,organic acid,antibiotic peptides and oligosaccharides.The influences of alternative feed additives on rumen fermentation,immunity,microbial flora and production performance are presented.Their utility and limitations in modern ruminant production are also discussed.It can provide basis and references for further research and application of alternatives to antibiotics.
Misuse of antibiotics imperils the development of animal husbandry in China,it is important to find reliable alternatives to antibiotics to reduce the use of antibiotics.This review summarizes the most common antibiotic feed additives already being used in ruminant feed,and gives an overview of the mechanism of alternative feed additives,such as probiotics,plant extracts,exogenous enzymes,organic acid,antibiotic peptides and oligosaccharides.The influences of alternative feed additives on rumen fermentation,immunity,microbial flora and production performance are presented.Their utility and limitations in modern ruminant production are also discussed.It can provide basis and references for further research and application of alternatives to antibiotics.
引文
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[10]WAGHORN G C,TAVENDALE M H,WOODFIELD D R.Methanogenesis from forages fed to sheep[A].Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association[C].2002.
[11]MOLAN A L,WAGHORN G C,MIN B R,et al.The effect of condensed tannins from seven herbages on Trichostrongylus colubriformis larval migrationin vitro[J].Folia Parasitologica,2000,47(1):39-44.
[12]MCINTOSH F M,WILLIAMS P,LOSA R,et al.Effects of essential oils on ruminal microorganisms and their protein metabolism[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2003,69(8):5011-5014.
[13]BROGDEN K A,ACKERMANN M,MCCRAY P B,et al.Antimicrobial peptides in animals and their role in host defences[J].International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents,2003,22(5):465-478.
[14]WANG Y,MCALLISTER T A.Rumen microbes,enzymes and feed digestion——A review[J].Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2002,15(11):1659-1676.
[15]YANG W Z,BEAUCHEMIN K A,RODE L M.Effects of an enzyme feed additive on extent of digestion and milk production of lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1999,82(2):391-403.
[16]徐晓锋,金亚东.寡糖对奶牛瘤胃发酵及乳脂调控的研究进展[J].畜牧与兽医,2016,48(1):116-119.XU X F,JIN Y D.Study progress of oligosaccharides on ruminal fermentation and milk regulation in dairy cows[J].Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2016,48(1):116-119.(in Chinese)
[17]BOUDRA H.Mycotoxins:An insidiously menacing factor for the quality of forages and the performances of the ruminants[J].Fourrages,2009,199:265-280.
[18]QADIS A Q,YO-HAN K I M,IKUTA K,et al.Effects of a bacterial probiotic on ruminal pH and volatile fatty acids during subacute ruminal acidosis(SARA)in cattle[J].Journal of Veterinary Medical Science,2016,78(10):1595-1600.
[19]PINLOCHE E,MCEWAN N,MARDEN J P,et al.The effects of a probiotic yeast on the bacterial diversity and population structure in the rumen of cattle[J].PLoS One,2013,8(7):e67824.
[20]王卫正,刘青,张香云,等.酵母培养物对奶牛生产性能及抗氧化功能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2016,19:61-66.WANG W Z,LIU Q,ZHANG X Y.Effects of yeast culture on production performance and antioxidant function in dairy cow[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2016,19:61-66.(in Chinese)
[21]周盟.植物乳杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌及其复合菌在断奶仔猪和犊牛日粮中的应用研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2013.ZHOU M.Study on application of Lactobacillus Plantar,Bacillus subtilis and complex-probiotics in diets for weaned piglets and calves[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2013.(in Chinese)
[22]ZHANG R,ZHOU M,TU Y,et al.Effect of oral administration of probiotics on growth performance,apparent nutrient digestibility and stress-related indicators in Holstein calves[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2016,100(1):33-38.
[23]HE Z X,FERLISI B,ECKERT E,et al.Supplementing a yeast probiotic to pre-weaning Holstein calves:Feed intake,growth and fecal biomarkers of gut health[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2017,226:81-87.
[24]ALUGONGO G M,XIAO J X,CHUNG Y H,et al.Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products on dairy calves:Performance and health[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2017,100(2):1189-1199.
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