复合微生态制剂、饲用抗生素对肉鸡生长性能、肠道菌群数量和免疫性能的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究复合微生态制剂及饲用抗生素对肉鸡生长性能、肠道菌群数量和免疫性能的影响。选择体重接近、健康的600只1日龄白羽肉雏鸡随机分成5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;Ⅱ组为肽菌素T3组,在基础日粮中添加1.0‰的复合微生态制剂肽菌素T3;Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组为抗生素组,分别在基础日粮中添加20g/t硫酸黏杆菌素、50g/t杆菌肽锌及50g/t杆菌肽锌和10g/t硫酸黏杆菌素混合物。预试期3d,正试期35d。结果表明,与Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组相比,肽菌素T3组肉鸡各阶段平均日增重(ADG)、盲肠和直肠乳酸杆菌数量显著增高(P<0.05),料重比(F/G)、盲肠和直肠大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P<0.05);脾脏指数分别提高27.44%、40.27%、29.01%和29.81%(P<0.05),法氏囊指数分别提高12.82%、37.50%、33.33%和38.95%(P<0.05)。肽菌素T3组肉鸡血清内毒素含量低于Ⅰ组(P>0.05)和Ⅲ组(降低24.77%,P<0.05)。与Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组相比,肽菌素T3组盲肠内容物分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)含量分别提高32.37%和25.79%(P<0.05)。综合上述结果,本试验条件下,日粮中添加1.0‰肽菌素T3可提高肉鸡生长性能,改善肉鸡肠道菌群结构,促进肉鸡脾脏和法氏囊的发育,其提高盲肠内容物sIgA含量、降低血清内毒素含量的效果优于20g/t硫酸黏杆菌素。
This trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of compound probiotics and antibiotics on growth performance,intestinal microflora and immune function of broilers.Six hundred oneday-old female broiler chickens were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 20 broilers per replicate.The broilers in groupⅠ were fed basal diet,and the basal diet+1.0‰ T3(compound probiotics),the basal diet+20 g/t colistin sulphate,the basal diet+50 g/t bacitracin zinc,the basal diet+50 g/t bacitracin zinc+10 g/t colistin sulphate were provided to the broilers in group Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ andⅤ,respectively.The pre-trial period lasted for 3 days,and the experiment lasted for 35 days.The results showed as follows:Compared with groupⅠ,Ⅲ,ⅣandⅤ,the average daily gain(ADG)at each trial stage,the number of Lactobacillusin cecal and rectal were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the feed gain ratio(F/G),the number of Escherichia coli in cecal and rectal were significantly decreased in T3 group.Compared with group Ⅰ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ andⅤ,the spleen index of the group treated with T3 increased 27.44%,40.27%,29.01%and 29.81%(P <0.05);The bursa of Fabricius index increased significantly by 12.82%,37.50%,33.33% and 38.95%,respectively(P<0.05);The content of serum endotoxin in T3 group was lower than that of group Ⅰ(P>0.05)and group Ⅲ(24.77%,P<0.05).Compared with the groupⅠ andⅢ,the content of secreted immunoglobulin A(sIgA)in T3 group was significantly increased by 32.37% and 25.79%(P<0.05).In conclusion,adding 1.0‰ T3 could improve the growth performance and intestinal flora,promote the development of spleen and bursa in broilers.And the role of increasing the content of sIgA in cecal contents,decreasing the content of serum endotoxin of 1.0‰ T3 was better than the use of 20 g/t of clostridium sulfate.
This trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of compound probiotics and antibiotics on growth performance,intestinal microflora and immune function of broilers.Six hundred oneday-old female broiler chickens were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 20 broilers per replicate.The broilers in groupⅠ were fed basal diet,and the basal diet+1.0‰ T3(compound probiotics),the basal diet+20 g/t colistin sulphate,the basal diet+50 g/t bacitracin zinc,the basal diet+50 g/t bacitracin zinc+10 g/t colistin sulphate were provided to the broilers in group Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ andⅤ,respectively.The pre-trial period lasted for 3 days,and the experiment lasted for 35 days.The results showed as follows:Compared with groupⅠ,Ⅲ,ⅣandⅤ,the average daily gain(ADG)at each trial stage,the number of Lactobacillusin cecal and rectal were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the feed gain ratio(F/G),the number of Escherichia coli in cecal and rectal were significantly decreased in T3 group.Compared with group Ⅰ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ andⅤ,the spleen index of the group treated with T3 increased 27.44%,40.27%,29.01%and 29.81%(P <0.05);The bursa of Fabricius index increased significantly by 12.82%,37.50%,33.33% and 38.95%,respectively(P<0.05);The content of serum endotoxin in T3 group was lower than that of group Ⅰ(P>0.05)and group Ⅲ(24.77%,P<0.05).Compared with the groupⅠ andⅢ,the content of secreted immunoglobulin A(sIgA)in T3 group was significantly increased by 32.37% and 25.79%(P<0.05).In conclusion,adding 1.0‰ T3 could improve the growth performance and intestinal flora,promote the development of spleen and bursa in broilers.And the role of increasing the content of sIgA in cecal contents,decreasing the content of serum endotoxin of 1.0‰ T3 was better than the use of 20 g/t of clostridium sulfate.
引文
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[10]吴亨进,王明福,孙秋勇,等.复合微生态制剂对肉鸡生产性能及空气质量的影响[J].养殖与饲料,2008,5:81-84.WU H J,WANG M F,SUN Q Y,et al.Effect of compound probiotics on performance and air quality of broilers[J].Animals Breeding and Feed,2008,5:81-84.(in Chinese)
[11]RIVAS A,FABRICANT J.Indications of immune depression in chickens infected with various strains of Marek’s disease virus[J].Avian Diseases,1988,32(1):1-8.
[12]陈佳力,陈代文,余冰,等.苯甲酸对断奶仔猪生长性能、器官指数和胃肠道内容物pH的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(1):238-246.CHEN J L,CHEN D W,YU B,et al.Effects of benzoic acid on growth performance,organ index and pH of gastrointestinal contents in weaned piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2015,27(1):238-246.(in Chinese)
[13]MAROUFYANE E,KASIM A,HASHEMI S R,et al.Change in growth performance and liver function enzymes of broiler chickens challenged with infectious bursal disease virus to dietary supplementation of methionine and threonine[J].American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,2010,5(1):20-26.
[14]李可,罗建杰,孟昆,等.益生菌对肉仔鸡生产性能、胴体性状、免疫功能和肉品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(9):2903-2910.LI K,LUO J J,MENG K,et al.Effects of probiotics on broiler performance,carcass traits,immune function and meat quality[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2015,27(9):2903-2910.(in Chinese)
[15]郭欣怡,张曼,韩飞,等.不同益生菌制剂对肉鸡生产性能、免疫功能和肠道菌群的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2016,37(11):79-83.GUO X Y,ZHANG M,HAN F,et al.Effects of different probiotics on production performance,immune function and intestinal flora in broilers[J].Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology,2016,37(11):79-83.(in Chinese)
[16]PURCHIARONI F,TORTORA A,GABRIELLI M,et al.The role of intestinal microbiota and the immune system[J].European Review for Medical and Pharma-cological Sciences,2013 17(3):323-333.
[17]元娜,陈奇,刘丛敏,等.复合微生态制剂对蛋种鸡舍内氨气浓度、养分吸收率及肠道菌群的影响[J].饲料工业,2010,31(20):42-45.YUAN N,CHEN Q,LIU C M,et al.Effect of compound probiotics on ammonia concentration,nutrient uptake and gut microbiota in laying hen house[J].Feed Industry,2010,31(20):42-45.(in Chinese)
[18]VINDEROLA G,MATAR C,PERDIGON G.Role of intestinal epithelial cells in immune effects mediated by gram-positive probiotic bacteria:Inolvement of toll-like receptors[J].Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology,2005,12(9):1075-1084.
[19]李丹,张建梅,程秀芳,等.饲用抗生素、微生态制剂对肉鸡机体内毒素、细胞因子的影响[J].饲料与畜牧,2013,9:39-41.LI D,ZHANG J M,CHENG X F,et al.Effects of feeding antibiotics and probiotics on toxins and cytokines in broilers[J].Feed and Livestock Husbandry,2013,9:39-41.(in Chinese)
[20]LLOYD M.Mucosal immunity[J].Pediatrics,2003,111(3):1595-1600.
[2]唐茂妍,陈旭东,张朝晖.硫酸黏杆菌素及其替代物在饲料中的应用进展[J].饲料与畜牧,2017,1:43-46.TANG M Y,CHEN X D,ZHANG Z H.Application progress of colistin sulfate and its substitutes in feed[J].Feed and Livestock Husbandry,2017,1:43-46.
[3]谢全喜,亓秀晔,陈振,等.复合微生态制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率、免疫性能和肠道菌群的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(3):850-858.XIE Q X,QI X Y,CHEN Z,et al.Effect of compound probiotics on growth performance,diarrhea rate,immune function and intestinal microflora in weaned piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2017,29(3):850-858.(in Chinese)
[4]贾聪慧,杨彩梅,曾新福,等.丁酸梭菌对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化能力、免疫功能和血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(3):908-915.JIA C H,YANG C M,ZENG X F,et al.Effects of Clostridium butyricum on growth performance,antioxidant capacity,immune function and serum biochemical indexes in broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2016,28(3):908-915.(in Chinese)
[5]于卓腾,毛胜勇,朱伟云.微生态制剂和饲用抗生素对肉鸡盲肠VFA和微生物区系的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2007,30(3):110-114.YU Z T,MAO S Y,ZHU W Y.Effect of probiotics and feed antibiotics on caecal VFA and microflora of broilers[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2007,30(3):110-114.(in Chinese)
[6]张彩凤,王晓翠,张海军,等.乳酸菌和酵母菌复合制剂对肉仔鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和肠道健康的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(4):1248-1256.ZHANG C F,WANG X C,ZHANG H J,et al.Effect of lactic acid bacteria and yeast compound preparation on growth performance,slaughter performance and gut health of broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2017,29(4):1248-1256.(in Chinese)
[7]谢全喜,崔诗法,徐海燕,等.复合微生态制剂与饲用抗生素对肉鸡生长性能、免疫性能和抗氧化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(7):1336-1344.XIE Q X,CUI S F,XU H Y,et al.Effect of compound probiotics and feed antibiotics on growth performance,immune function and antioxidation of broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2012,24(7):1336-1344.(in Chinese)
[8]华洵璐,钱仁界,张宪中,等.芽孢杆菌复合制剂对断奶仔猪生长、腹泻和饲料消化率的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(3):166-170.HUA X L,QIAN R J,ZHANG X Z,et al.Effects of Bacillus coated preparation on growth,diarrhea and feed digestibility in weanling piglets[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(3):166-170.(in Chinese)
[9]MENG Q W,YAN L,AO X,et al.Influence of probiotics in different energy and nutrient density diets on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,meat quality,and blood characteristics in growing-finishing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2010,88(10):3320-3326.
[10]吴亨进,王明福,孙秋勇,等.复合微生态制剂对肉鸡生产性能及空气质量的影响[J].养殖与饲料,2008,5:81-84.WU H J,WANG M F,SUN Q Y,et al.Effect of compound probiotics on performance and air quality of broilers[J].Animals Breeding and Feed,2008,5:81-84.(in Chinese)
[11]RIVAS A,FABRICANT J.Indications of immune depression in chickens infected with various strains of Marek’s disease virus[J].Avian Diseases,1988,32(1):1-8.
[12]陈佳力,陈代文,余冰,等.苯甲酸对断奶仔猪生长性能、器官指数和胃肠道内容物pH的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(1):238-246.CHEN J L,CHEN D W,YU B,et al.Effects of benzoic acid on growth performance,organ index and pH of gastrointestinal contents in weaned piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2015,27(1):238-246.(in Chinese)
[13]MAROUFYANE E,KASIM A,HASHEMI S R,et al.Change in growth performance and liver function enzymes of broiler chickens challenged with infectious bursal disease virus to dietary supplementation of methionine and threonine[J].American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,2010,5(1):20-26.
[14]李可,罗建杰,孟昆,等.益生菌对肉仔鸡生产性能、胴体性状、免疫功能和肉品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(9):2903-2910.LI K,LUO J J,MENG K,et al.Effects of probiotics on broiler performance,carcass traits,immune function and meat quality[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2015,27(9):2903-2910.(in Chinese)
[15]郭欣怡,张曼,韩飞,等.不同益生菌制剂对肉鸡生产性能、免疫功能和肠道菌群的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2016,37(11):79-83.GUO X Y,ZHANG M,HAN F,et al.Effects of different probiotics on production performance,immune function and intestinal flora in broilers[J].Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology,2016,37(11):79-83.(in Chinese)
[16]PURCHIARONI F,TORTORA A,GABRIELLI M,et al.The role of intestinal microbiota and the immune system[J].European Review for Medical and Pharma-cological Sciences,2013 17(3):323-333.
[17]元娜,陈奇,刘丛敏,等.复合微生态制剂对蛋种鸡舍内氨气浓度、养分吸收率及肠道菌群的影响[J].饲料工业,2010,31(20):42-45.YUAN N,CHEN Q,LIU C M,et al.Effect of compound probiotics on ammonia concentration,nutrient uptake and gut microbiota in laying hen house[J].Feed Industry,2010,31(20):42-45.(in Chinese)
[18]VINDEROLA G,MATAR C,PERDIGON G.Role of intestinal epithelial cells in immune effects mediated by gram-positive probiotic bacteria:Inolvement of toll-like receptors[J].Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology,2005,12(9):1075-1084.
[19]李丹,张建梅,程秀芳,等.饲用抗生素、微生态制剂对肉鸡机体内毒素、细胞因子的影响[J].饲料与畜牧,2013,9:39-41.LI D,ZHANG J M,CHENG X F,et al.Effects of feeding antibiotics and probiotics on toxins and cytokines in broilers[J].Feed and Livestock Husbandry,2013,9:39-41.(in Chinese)
[20]LLOYD M.Mucosal immunity[J].Pediatrics,2003,111(3):1595-1600.