饲用高粱营养价值及人工瘤胃降解特性
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摘要
为了探讨甘肃河西盐碱地区海牛、大卡、大奖1180、大奖3180四个饲用高粱(Sorghum bicolor)品种各生育期不同部位的营养价值变化规律,利用常规化学成分分析和体外模拟发酵产气技术测定了4种饲用高粱品种分蘖期、拔节期、抽穗期的主要营养成分、体外消化率和瘤胃微生物体外发酵产气量。结果表明,随着生育期的推进,4个品种饲用高粱株高、鲜重、茎叶比在显著增加,其中海牛鲜重和茎叶比最高,大奖1180鲜重和茎叶比最低。同一品种不同部位的粗蛋白含量也不同,大致为茎秆<全株<叶。随着生育期的推进,各品种植株内粗蛋白、粗灰分含量显著下降(P<0.05),中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量显著上升,在拔节期和抽穗期海牛和大卡全株的中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维较另外2个品种低,使得饲草的饲喂价值也相对较高,同时海牛和大卡茎秆、叶及全株也含有较高的可溶性糖。海牛和大卡的72h体外发酵产气量、瘤胃液氨态氮浓度及干物质消失率较其他2个品种高,甲烷产量在4个品种间无显著差异(P>0.05)。综合考虑来看,海牛和大卡具有较高的营养价值及饲喂价值,是优良的饲草品种,很适合在甘肃河西干旱盐碱地种植。
The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in nutritional value of four sorghum varieties of Hainiu,Big kahuna,Dajiang 3180,and Dajiang 1180 at different stages of development,in the Hexi saline-alkali area of Gansu Province.The main nutrient components,in vitro digestibility,and in vitro fermentation gas production of the four varieties during branching period,jointing stage,and heading stage were determined by proximate analysis and in vitro gas production techniques.The results showed that the height and fresh weight of the four varieties were significantly different.Furthermore,a significant increase in the height and fresh weight of the four varieties was observed(P>0.05).The results also revealed that the fresh weight and ratio of stems to leaves of Hainiu was the highest,while those of Dajiang 1180 were the lowest with prolonged harvest.Further,the crude protein content in different parts of the same species was also different,in the order stem
The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in nutritional value of four sorghum varieties of Hainiu,Big kahuna,Dajiang 3180,and Dajiang 1180 at different stages of development,in the Hexi saline-alkali area of Gansu Province.The main nutrient components,in vitro digestibility,and in vitro fermentation gas production of the four varieties during branching period,jointing stage,and heading stage were determined by proximate analysis and in vitro gas production techniques.The results showed that the height and fresh weight of the four varieties were significantly different.Furthermore,a significant increase in the height and fresh weight of the four varieties was observed(P>0.05).The results also revealed that the fresh weight and ratio of stems to leaves of Hainiu was the highest,while those of Dajiang 1180 were the lowest with prolonged harvest.Further,the crude protein content in different parts of the same species was also different,in the order stem
引文
[1]张桂杰,王红梅,罗海玲,张英俊,王海,朱虹,孟慧.应用体外产气与体外消化法评定不同生育期豆科牧草营养价值.动物营养学报,2011,23(3):387-394.Zhang G J,Wang H M,Luo H L,Zhang J Y,Wang H,Zhu H,Meng H.Evaluation of nutritional values of leguminous forages in different growing periods by in vitro gas production and in vitro digestion techniques.Acta Zoonutrimenta Sinica,2011,23(3):387-394.(in Chinese)
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[6]牟芝兰.种植方式与种植密度对大力士高粱的影响.四川草原,2004(3):27-28.Mou Z L.Effects of planting density and methods on Hunnigreen forage sorghum.Journal of Sichuan Grassland,2004(3):27-28.(in Chinese)
[7]郑庆福,李凤山,杨恒山,赵雅莲,郑威,王振国.种植密度对杂交甜高粱“甜格雷兹”生长、品质及产量的影响.草原与草坪,2005(4):61-65.Zheng Q F,Li F S,Yang H S,Zhao Y L,Zheng W,Wang Z G.Effect of sowing density on growth,quality and yield of Sorghum bicolour sugargraze.Prairie and Lawn,2005(4):61-65.(in Chinese)
[8]Weaver R M,Goldstein H M,Green B,Perkins C.Gray scale ultrasonographic evaluation of hepatic cystic disease.American Journal of Roentgenology,1978,130(5):849-852.
[9]罗峰,高建明,李子芳,裴忠有,孙守钧.不同类型饲用高粱粗蛋白积累规律研究.中国作物学会50周年庆祝会暨2011年学术年会论文集,2011.Luo F,Gao J M,Li Z F,Pei Z Y,Sun S J.Accumulation laws of crude protein of different type of sorghum.//Poccedings of the Crop Science Society of China in 2011.Chengdu:The Crop Science Society of China,2011.(in Chinese)
[10]陈鹏,罗峰,高建明,姜连彬,胡鹏果,郭佳丽,孙守钧,裴忠有.不同播期对不同生育时期甜高粱品质性状的影响.安徽农业科学,2012,40(5):2608-2609.Chen P,Luo F,Gao J M,Jiang L B,Hu P G,Guo J L,Sun S J,Pei Z Y.Effects of different sowing times on qualities of sweet sorghum(Sorghum dochna)at different growth stages.Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2012,40(5):2608-2609.(in Chinese)
[11]李源,游永亮,赵海明,谢楠,翟兰菊,刘贵波.褐色中脉饲草高粱品种产量品质与抗逆性分析.草地学报,2014,22(4):889-896.Li Y,You Y L,Zhao H M,Xie N,Zhai L J,Liu G B.Analysis on the yield,quality and stress resistance of brown midrib forage sorghum varieties.Acta Agrectir Sinica,2014,22(4):889-896.(in Chinese)
[12]Butler L G,Riedl D J,Lebryk D G,Blytt H J.Interaction of proteins with sorghum tannin:Mechanism,specificity and significance.Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society,1984,61(5):916-920.
[13]Barry T N,Manley T R.The role of condensed tannins in the nutritional value of Lotus pedunculatus for sheep.Quantitative digestion of carbohydrates and proteins.The British Journal of Nutrition,1984,5(13):21-25.
[14]Clark J K,Klusmeyer T H,Cameron M R.Nitrogen metabolism and amino acid nutrition in dairy cattle:Microbial protein synthesis and flows of nitrogen fractions to the duodenum of dairy cows.Journal of Dairy Science,1992,75:2304-2323.
[15]余苗,钟荣珍,周道玮,高凤仙.不同生育期虎尾草的体外发酵产气特性.草业科学,2014,31(5):956-964.Yu M,Zhong R Z,Zhou D W,Gao F X.Research on in vitro fermentation characteristics of Chloris virgataat different growth stages.Pratacultural Science,2014,31(5):956-964.(in Chinese)
[16]Preston T,Leng R.Manipulation of Feeding and the Rumen Ecosystem.Arnlidale,Australia:Penambul Books,1987:83-101.
[17]Mao H L,Wang J K,Zhou Y Y,Liu J X.Effect of addition of tea saponins and soybean oil on methane production,fermentation and microbiol population in the rumen of growing lambs.Livestock Science,2010,129:56-62.
[18]王丽凤.日粮中添加甲烷抑制剂对绵羊瘤胃中甲烷产量影响的研究.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学硕士学位论文,2004.Wang L F.The effect of dietary addition of different methane inhibitors on sheep rumen methane production.Master Thesis.Huhhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2004.(in Chinese)
[2]杨恩忠,蒋瑞芬,陈容.牧草营养物质及消化动态的研究.中国草地,1987(6):36-39.Yang E Z,Jiang R F,Chen R.Study on forage nutrition and digestion dynamics.Grassland of China,1987(6):36-39.(in Chinese)
[3]李建平.不同饲用高粱品种的营养价值及其人工瘤胃降解动态的研究.晋中:山西农业大学硕士学位论文,2004.Li J P.Study on the nutrient of different forage sorghums and the trend of rumen degradation.Master Thesis.Jinzhong:Shanxi Agricultural University,2004.(in Chinese)
[4]贺春贵,何振富,王斐.夏播复种光敏型高丹草的养分含量与产量.草业学报,2017,26(7):177-189.He C G,He F Z,Wang F.Nutrient contents and yields of photoperiod-sensitive sorghum:Sudangrass hybrids grown in summer after a winter wheat crop.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2017,26(7):177-189.(in Chinese)
[5]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术.2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.Zhang L Y.Feed Analysis and Feed Quality Inspect Technology.2nd edition.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2003.(in Chinese)
[6]牟芝兰.种植方式与种植密度对大力士高粱的影响.四川草原,2004(3):27-28.Mou Z L.Effects of planting density and methods on Hunnigreen forage sorghum.Journal of Sichuan Grassland,2004(3):27-28.(in Chinese)
[7]郑庆福,李凤山,杨恒山,赵雅莲,郑威,王振国.种植密度对杂交甜高粱“甜格雷兹”生长、品质及产量的影响.草原与草坪,2005(4):61-65.Zheng Q F,Li F S,Yang H S,Zhao Y L,Zheng W,Wang Z G.Effect of sowing density on growth,quality and yield of Sorghum bicolour sugargraze.Prairie and Lawn,2005(4):61-65.(in Chinese)
[8]Weaver R M,Goldstein H M,Green B,Perkins C.Gray scale ultrasonographic evaluation of hepatic cystic disease.American Journal of Roentgenology,1978,130(5):849-852.
[9]罗峰,高建明,李子芳,裴忠有,孙守钧.不同类型饲用高粱粗蛋白积累规律研究.中国作物学会50周年庆祝会暨2011年学术年会论文集,2011.Luo F,Gao J M,Li Z F,Pei Z Y,Sun S J.Accumulation laws of crude protein of different type of sorghum.//Poccedings of the Crop Science Society of China in 2011.Chengdu:The Crop Science Society of China,2011.(in Chinese)
[10]陈鹏,罗峰,高建明,姜连彬,胡鹏果,郭佳丽,孙守钧,裴忠有.不同播期对不同生育时期甜高粱品质性状的影响.安徽农业科学,2012,40(5):2608-2609.Chen P,Luo F,Gao J M,Jiang L B,Hu P G,Guo J L,Sun S J,Pei Z Y.Effects of different sowing times on qualities of sweet sorghum(Sorghum dochna)at different growth stages.Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2012,40(5):2608-2609.(in Chinese)
[11]李源,游永亮,赵海明,谢楠,翟兰菊,刘贵波.褐色中脉饲草高粱品种产量品质与抗逆性分析.草地学报,2014,22(4):889-896.Li Y,You Y L,Zhao H M,Xie N,Zhai L J,Liu G B.Analysis on the yield,quality and stress resistance of brown midrib forage sorghum varieties.Acta Agrectir Sinica,2014,22(4):889-896.(in Chinese)
[12]Butler L G,Riedl D J,Lebryk D G,Blytt H J.Interaction of proteins with sorghum tannin:Mechanism,specificity and significance.Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society,1984,61(5):916-920.
[13]Barry T N,Manley T R.The role of condensed tannins in the nutritional value of Lotus pedunculatus for sheep.Quantitative digestion of carbohydrates and proteins.The British Journal of Nutrition,1984,5(13):21-25.
[14]Clark J K,Klusmeyer T H,Cameron M R.Nitrogen metabolism and amino acid nutrition in dairy cattle:Microbial protein synthesis and flows of nitrogen fractions to the duodenum of dairy cows.Journal of Dairy Science,1992,75:2304-2323.
[15]余苗,钟荣珍,周道玮,高凤仙.不同生育期虎尾草的体外发酵产气特性.草业科学,2014,31(5):956-964.Yu M,Zhong R Z,Zhou D W,Gao F X.Research on in vitro fermentation characteristics of Chloris virgataat different growth stages.Pratacultural Science,2014,31(5):956-964.(in Chinese)
[16]Preston T,Leng R.Manipulation of Feeding and the Rumen Ecosystem.Arnlidale,Australia:Penambul Books,1987:83-101.
[17]Mao H L,Wang J K,Zhou Y Y,Liu J X.Effect of addition of tea saponins and soybean oil on methane production,fermentation and microbiol population in the rumen of growing lambs.Livestock Science,2010,129:56-62.
[18]王丽凤.日粮中添加甲烷抑制剂对绵羊瘤胃中甲烷产量影响的研究.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学硕士学位论文,2004.Wang L F.The effect of dietary addition of different methane inhibitors on sheep rumen methane production.Master Thesis.Huhhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2004.(in Chinese)