多因子胁迫下的西藏高原青稞生长动力学模拟
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摘要
【目的】探究耦合气象、土壤水分和氮素状态对青稞生长的影响机理,构建西藏地区青稞生长动力学模型。【方法】于2016─2017年在拉萨市墨达灌区开展了试验研究,测定了青稞生育期气象参数、土壤水分和氮素质量浓度变化过程。基于日光合作用和呼吸作用模拟日干物质增长量,提出了开关因子计算青稞由发育生长到生殖生长的临界时间,根据叶面积指数变化和干物质质量平衡,以及青稞生育期干物质分配和转化关系发展了干物质日增长量分配关系,基于动态平衡原理,提出了气象条件、土壤含水率和氮素影响下的干物质胁迫关系。基于2016年观测值率定模型参数,模拟2017年青稞生长。【结果】模型在本地参数下,模拟结果与实测结果符合良好,Nash-Sutcliffe系数和相对均方根误差分别为0.84和0.05;变化条件下,能够达到较好的模拟精度,Nash-Sutcliffe系数和相对均方根误差分别为0.67和0.11。【结论】所提出的模型能够描述多因子胁迫条件下的青稞生长动力学机制,具有完备的物理机制。
【Objective】Hulless barley is a stable crop in Tibet plateau and this paper presents a model to simulate its growth under multiple abiotic stresses.【Method】Field and lab experiments were conducted at Moda Irrigation District in Lhasa and the Irrigation and Drainage lab at Nyingchi during the 2016—2017 growth season respectively. During the experiment, meteorological data, soil water content and soil nitrogen were measured. Daily dry matters were simulated based on photosynthesis and respiration of the crop, in which a switch factor was used to determine the time at which the crop changed from developmental stage to reproduction stage. The daily increased dry matter were partitioned into root, stem, leaf and ear using the mass balance between leaf development and crop growth. The dry matters in the root, stem and leaf were allowed be transformed to the ears in the reproduction stage. The combined stress of water and nitrogen were described using calibrated functions, and the values of the model parameters were obtained by fitting the measured data in Moda Irrigation District in 2016, and they were then used to model the crop growth in 2017.【Result】The Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient and the relative root mean square error between the measured and simulated hulless barley dry matters were 0.84 and 0.05 respectively using the parameters estimated locally, and were 0.67 and 0.11 respectively using the parameters under changing condition.【Conclusion】The proposed model is able to describe growth of the hulless barley under the combined water and nitrogen stresses.
【Objective】Hulless barley is a stable crop in Tibet plateau and this paper presents a model to simulate its growth under multiple abiotic stresses.【Method】Field and lab experiments were conducted at Moda Irrigation District in Lhasa and the Irrigation and Drainage lab at Nyingchi during the 2016—2017 growth season respectively. During the experiment, meteorological data, soil water content and soil nitrogen were measured. Daily dry matters were simulated based on photosynthesis and respiration of the crop, in which a switch factor was used to determine the time at which the crop changed from developmental stage to reproduction stage. The daily increased dry matter were partitioned into root, stem, leaf and ear using the mass balance between leaf development and crop growth. The dry matters in the root, stem and leaf were allowed be transformed to the ears in the reproduction stage. The combined stress of water and nitrogen were described using calibrated functions, and the values of the model parameters were obtained by fitting the measured data in Moda Irrigation District in 2016, and they were then used to model the crop growth in 2017.【Result】The Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient and the relative root mean square error between the measured and simulated hulless barley dry matters were 0.84 and 0.05 respectively using the parameters estimated locally, and were 0.67 and 0.11 respectively using the parameters under changing condition.【Conclusion】The proposed model is able to describe growth of the hulless barley under the combined water and nitrogen stresses.
引文
[1]宁慧峰,崔嘉欣,刘浩,等.灌溉方式和施氮量对水稻产量和品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(12):1-7.
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[21]徐圆圆,高伟,曹峻松,等.植物生长用LED光照标准进展及体系建议[J].农业工程技术,2017,37(13):21-25.
[22]刘玉成.干旱胁迫对作物生长发育的影响[J].新农业,2017(7):9-10.
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[24]沈荣开,张瑜芳,黄冠华.作物水分生产函数与农田非充分灌溉研究述评[J].水科学进展,1995,6(3):248-254.
[25] VOLD A, BAKKEN L R, UHLEN G, et al. Use of data from long-term fertilizer experiments to model plant nitrogen uptake[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 1999, 55(3):197-206.
[26]王志强,刘康,彭凌馨,等.锌肥对干旱下冬小麦产量形成及籽粒锌积累动态的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,37(9):20-24.
[27]李亚龙,崔远来,李远华.作物水氮生产函数研究进展[J].水利学报,2006,37(6):704-709.
[28] JIANG X, KANG S, TONG L, et al. Crop coefficient and evapotranspiration of grain maize modified by planting density in an arid region of northwest China[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2014,142:135-143.
[29] MANDAL K, SARAVANAN R, MAITI S. Effect of different levels of N, P and K on downy mildew(Peronospora plantaginis)and seed yield of isabgol(Plantago ovata)[J]. Crop Protection, 2008, 27(6):988-995.
[30] JING Q, BOUMAN BAM, HENGSDIJK H, et al. Exploring options to combine high yields with high nitrogen use efficiencies in irrigated rice in China[J]. Europcan Journal of Agronomy, 2007,26:166-177.
[2]罗红英,崔远来,赵树君.西藏青稞灌溉定额的空间分布规律[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(10):116-122.
[3]罗红英,崔远来.西藏主要农区青稞作物系数的计算分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2014,33(1):116-119.
[4]马波,田军仓.作物生长模拟模型研究综述[J].节水灌溉,2010(2):1-5.
[5]庞桂斌,徐征和,王海霞,等.微咸水灌溉对冬小麦光合特征及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(1):35-41.
[6]杜勇利,周涛,杨欢,等.玉米/大豆套作体系中大豆茎秆生长过程模拟[J].草业科学,2018,35(3):624-634.
[7]王康,沈荣开,王富庆.冬小麦生长及根系吸氮的动态模拟研究[J].灌溉排水,2002,19(1):6-10.
[8]徐寿军,李志刚,杨恒山,等.大豆茎秆、叶片及豆荚生长的动态模拟[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(20):151-159.
[9]常丽英,汤亮,曹卫星,等.水稻地上部单位器官物质分配过程的定量模拟[J].中国农业科学,2008, 41(4):986-993.
[10]王康,沈荣开,王富庆.作物水分-氮素生产函数模型的研究[J].水科学进展, 2002,13(6):736-740.
[11]吕军.浙江红壤区水分条件对冬小麦生长的动态耦合模拟[J].水利学报,1998(7):68-72.
[12]张笑培,周新国,王静丽,等.耕作方式对豫东夏玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(9):13-19.
[13]黄冲平.马铃薯生长发育的动态模拟研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2003.
[14]赵明,郑丕尧,王瑞舫.夏玉米个体生长发育中叶片光合速率的动态特征[J].作物学报,1992,18(5):337-343.
[15]王康,沈荣开,覃奇志.不同水分、氮素条件下夏玉米生长的动态模拟[J].灌溉排水学报,2003,20(2):9-12.
[16]宋有洪,郭焱,李保国,等.基于器官生物量构建植株形态的玉米虚拟模型[J].生态学报,2003, 23(12):2 579-2 586.
[17]佟屏亚,程延年.夏播玉米产量形成动态模式的研究[J].玉米科学,1992(C/2):23-26,35.
[18]邱建军,肖荧南,辛德惠,等.作物生长模拟模型参数校正与有效化的理论和实践[J].应用生态学报,1999,10(6):679-682.
[19]花登峰,刘小军,汤亮,等.基于构件化生长模型的作物管理决策支持系统[J].南京农业大学学报,2008,31(1):17-22.
[20]王康,沈荣开,沈言俐,等.作物水分与氮素生产函数的实验研究[J].水科学进展, 2002, 13(3):308-312.
[21]徐圆圆,高伟,曹峻松,等.植物生长用LED光照标准进展及体系建议[J].农业工程技术,2017,37(13):21-25.
[22]刘玉成.干旱胁迫对作物生长发育的影响[J].新农业,2017(7):9-10.
[23]李颖,王康,周祖昊.基于SWAT模型的东北水稻灌区水文及面源污染过程模拟[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(7):42-53.
[24]沈荣开,张瑜芳,黄冠华.作物水分生产函数与农田非充分灌溉研究述评[J].水科学进展,1995,6(3):248-254.
[25] VOLD A, BAKKEN L R, UHLEN G, et al. Use of data from long-term fertilizer experiments to model plant nitrogen uptake[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 1999, 55(3):197-206.
[26]王志强,刘康,彭凌馨,等.锌肥对干旱下冬小麦产量形成及籽粒锌积累动态的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,37(9):20-24.
[27]李亚龙,崔远来,李远华.作物水氮生产函数研究进展[J].水利学报,2006,37(6):704-709.
[28] JIANG X, KANG S, TONG L, et al. Crop coefficient and evapotranspiration of grain maize modified by planting density in an arid region of northwest China[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2014,142:135-143.
[29] MANDAL K, SARAVANAN R, MAITI S. Effect of different levels of N, P and K on downy mildew(Peronospora plantaginis)and seed yield of isabgol(Plantago ovata)[J]. Crop Protection, 2008, 27(6):988-995.
[30] JING Q, BOUMAN BAM, HENGSDIJK H, et al. Exploring options to combine high yields with high nitrogen use efficiencies in irrigated rice in China[J]. Europcan Journal of Agronomy, 2007,26:166-177.