镉和酸雨对苦楝幼苗细胞膜透性及渗透调节物质含量的影响
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摘要
采用盆栽法研究了3个梯度模拟酸雨(p H=5.6、4.5、3.5)和不同剂量Cd2+(0、30、60、90、120、150、180 mg·kg~(-1))单一及复合处理,对苦楝(Melia azedarach L.)幼苗生长、质膜透性和主要渗透调节物质含量的影响.结果表明,p H=4.5和30 mg·kg~(-1)Cd2+复合处理对苦楝生物量的积累和幼苗的生长具有一定促进作用;p H=4.5和低剂量Cd2+(≤60 mg·kg~(-1))单一及复合处理下,株高和干重变化不显著(p>0.05),叶色、叶绿素含量、相对电导率和丙二醛含量也无明显变化;而强酸雨(p H=3.5)和高剂量Cd2+(≥90 mg·kg~(-1))处理下,叶片发黄卷曲,叶绿素含量下降,相对电导率和丙二醛含量增大,且酸雨和Cd2+复合处理较单一酸雨和单一Cd2+处理毒害作用更明显,表现为复合叠加效应;随酸雨强度和Cd2+剂量的增加,可溶性糖含量下降,可溶性蛋白和游离脯氨酸含量先升后降,二者峰值均出现在p H=4.5和60 mg·kg~(-1)Cd2+处理,且Cd2+剂量≤120 mg·kg~(-1)时,各酸雨梯度下可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量均高于CK.综上认为,在Cd2+剂量≤60 mg·kg~(-1)、酸雨p H≥4.5的区域,苦楝可以正常生长且保持较大生物量,可将其作为Cd污染典型酸雨区的绿化和修复树种.
In this study,the single and combined toxic effects of acid rain and Cd2+on growth,membrane permeability as well as main osmotic adjustment substance content in M.azedarach seedlings were investigated in a pot experiment.Results showed that the seedlings biomass accumulation and growth were enhanced with p H 4.5 and 30The treatment under p H 4.5 and low Cd content(≤60 mg·kg~(-1))had no significant effects on the dry weights,plant height,leaf color,chlorophyll content,relative conductivity,and the malondialdehyde content compared with CK(p>0.05).While under the condition of severe acid rain(p H 3.5)and high concentration of Cd2+(≥90 mg·kg~(-1)),the content of chlorophyll decreased and the relative electrical conductivity and the malondialdehyde content increased.The combined treatments of acid rain and Cd2+show more obvious influence than single treatments.With the increase of acid rain intensity and Cd2+concentration,the soluble sugar content reduced,and the soluble protein and free proline content increased first and then decreased,with maximum under p H 4.5 and 60.when Cd2+was below 120 mg·kg~(-1),the soluble protein and the free proline content at each level of simulated acid rain were always higher than at CK treatment.Above all M.azedarach could grow well and maintain a large biomass in the range Cd2+concentration≤60 mg·kg~(-1)and acid rain p H≥4.5,which could be used as the greening and soils restoration trees in the areas of contaminated with Cd and affected by acid rain.
In this study,the single and combined toxic effects of acid rain and Cd2+on growth,membrane permeability as well as main osmotic adjustment substance content in M.azedarach seedlings were investigated in a pot experiment.Results showed that the seedlings biomass accumulation and growth were enhanced with p H 4.5 and 30The treatment under p H 4.5 and low Cd content(≤60 mg·kg~(-1))had no significant effects on the dry weights,plant height,leaf color,chlorophyll content,relative conductivity,and the malondialdehyde content compared with CK(p>0.05).While under the condition of severe acid rain(p H 3.5)and high concentration of Cd2+(≥90 mg·kg~(-1)),the content of chlorophyll decreased and the relative electrical conductivity and the malondialdehyde content increased.The combined treatments of acid rain and Cd2+show more obvious influence than single treatments.With the increase of acid rain intensity and Cd2+concentration,the soluble sugar content reduced,and the soluble protein and free proline content increased first and then decreased,with maximum under p H 4.5 and 60.when Cd2+was below 120 mg·kg~(-1),the soluble protein and the free proline content at each level of simulated acid rain were always higher than at CK treatment.Above all M.azedarach could grow well and maintain a large biomass in the range Cd2+concentration≤60 mg·kg~(-1)and acid rain p H≥4.5,which could be used as the greening and soils restoration trees in the areas of contaminated with Cd and affected by acid rain.
引文
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陈丽君,刘明骞,廖柏勇,等.2016.苦楝SRAP分子标记及遗传多样性分析[J].华南农业大学学报,37(1):70-74
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刘佳敏,徐华潮.2014.苦楝对星天牛的引诱研究[J].浙江农林大学学报,31(3):437-441
刘建福,王明元,杨晨,等.2013.外源NO对酸雨胁迫下龙眼幼苗生理特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,24(8):2235-2240
刘柿良,杨容孑,马明东,等.2015.土壤镉胁迫对龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)幼苗生长及生理特性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,34(2):240-247
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饶中秀,朱奇宏,黄道友,等.2013.模拟酸雨条件下海泡石对污染红壤镉、铅淋溶的影响[J].水土保持学报,27(3):23-27
Rutkauskis J R,Jacomini D,Temponi L G,et al.2015.Pediculicidal treatment using ethanol and Melia azedarach L[J].Parasitology Research,114(6):2085-2091
宋春林,谢晶,毛栋平,等.2012.成都市雨水分布特征及其利用潜力分析[J].四川环境,31(6):79-83
苏明洁,廖源林,叶充,等.2016.镉胁迫下苦楝(Melia azedarach L.)幼苗的生长及生理响应[J].农业环境科学学报,35(11):2086-2093
Sun Z,Wang L,Chen M,et al.2012.Interactive effects of cadmium and acid rain on photosynthetic light reaction in soybean seedlings[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,79:62-68
Szewczuk V D,Mongelli E R,Pomilio A B.2006.In vitro anthelmintic activity of Melia azedarach naturalized in Argentina[J].Phytotherapy Research,20(11):993-996
Wang H,Han G.2011.Chemical composition of rainwater and anthropogenic influences in Chengdu,Southwest China[J].Atmospheric Research,99(2):190-196
汪赛,伊力塔,余树全,等.2014.模拟酸雨对青冈光合及叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].应用生态学报,25(8):2183-2192
王芳,廖柏勇,李培,等.2016.苦楝SSR-PCR反应体系优化及引物筛选[J].林业科学研究,29(2):167-175
王欣欣,邓明华,龚明,等.2016.Cd2+胁迫对小桐子幼苗叶片抗氧化系统的影响[J].西北植物学报,36(3):527-533
Won H C,In A L.2016.The anti-tubercular activity of Melia azedarach L.and Lobelia chinensis Lour.and their potential as effective antiMycobacterium tuberculosis candidate agents[J].Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine,6(10):830-835
熊庆娥.2003.植物生理学实验教程[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社
俞飞,宋琦,刘美华,等.2016.模拟酸雨不同处理对秃瓣杜英幼苗生物量和生理的影响[J].林业科学,52(5):92-100
张敏,王美娥,陈卫平,等.2015.湖南攸县典型煤矿和工厂区水稻田土壤镉污染特征及污染途径分析[J].环境科学,36(4):1425-1430
张然然,张鹏,都韶婷.2016.镉毒害下植物氧化胁迫发生及其信号调控机制的研究进展[J].应用生态学报,27(3):981-992
郑有飞,吴荣军,麦博儒.2011.酸雨变化及其作物响应[M].北京:气象出版社
朱虹,单淑芳,李增智,等.2010.苦楝内生真菌及其代谢产物的杀虫活性[J].中国生物防治,26(1):47-52
Andrei G M,Lampuri J S,Coto C E,et al.1986.An antiviral factor from Melia azedarach L.prevents Tacaribe virus encephalitis in mice[J].Experientia,42(7):843-845
白成科.2008.苦楝不同部位挥发油成分的气相色谱-质谱分析[J].天然产物研究与开发,20(4):662-666
Carpinella M C,Giorda L M,Ferrayoli C G,et al.2003.Antifungal effects of different organic extracts from Melia azedarach L.on phytopathogenic fungi and their isolated active components[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,51(9):2506-2511
陈丽君,刘明骞,廖柏勇,等.2015.苦楝SRAP-PCR反应体系的建立及优化[J].华南农业大学学报,36(3):104-108
陈丽君,刘明骞,廖柏勇,等.2016.苦楝SRAP分子标记及遗传多样性分析[J].华南农业大学学报,37(1):70-74
环境保护部,国土资源部.2014.全国土壤污染状况调查公报[R].北京:环境保护部,国土资源部
李虹颖,苏彦华.2012.镉对籽粒苋耐性生理及营养元素吸收积累的影响[J].生态环境学报,21(2):308-313
Liao B H,Liu H Y,Zeng Q R,et al.2005.Complex toxic effects of Cd2+,Zn2+,and acid rain on growth of kidney bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L)[J].Environment International,31(6):891-895
刘佳敏,徐华潮.2014.苦楝对星天牛的引诱研究[J].浙江农林大学学报,31(3):437-441
刘建福,王明元,杨晨,等.2013.外源NO对酸雨胁迫下龙眼幼苗生理特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,24(8):2235-2240
刘柿良,杨容孑,马明东,等.2015.土壤镉胁迫对龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)幼苗生长及生理特性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,34(2):240-247
Orhan I E,Guner E,Ozturk N,et al.2012.Enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activity of Melia azedarach L.naturalized in Anatolia and its phenolic acid and fatty acid composition[J].Industrial Crops and Products,37(1):213-218
秦海峰,仪慧兰.2008.小麦幼苗生长及其抗氧化酶活性对模拟酸雨与金属离子复合胁迫的响应[J].西北植物学报,28(2):2331-2335
饶中秀,朱奇宏,黄道友,等.2013.模拟酸雨条件下海泡石对污染红壤镉、铅淋溶的影响[J].水土保持学报,27(3):23-27
Rutkauskis J R,Jacomini D,Temponi L G,et al.2015.Pediculicidal treatment using ethanol and Melia azedarach L[J].Parasitology Research,114(6):2085-2091
宋春林,谢晶,毛栋平,等.2012.成都市雨水分布特征及其利用潜力分析[J].四川环境,31(6):79-83
苏明洁,廖源林,叶充,等.2016.镉胁迫下苦楝(Melia azedarach L.)幼苗的生长及生理响应[J].农业环境科学学报,35(11):2086-2093
Sun Z,Wang L,Chen M,et al.2012.Interactive effects of cadmium and acid rain on photosynthetic light reaction in soybean seedlings[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,79:62-68
Szewczuk V D,Mongelli E R,Pomilio A B.2006.In vitro anthelmintic activity of Melia azedarach naturalized in Argentina[J].Phytotherapy Research,20(11):993-996
Wang H,Han G.2011.Chemical composition of rainwater and anthropogenic influences in Chengdu,Southwest China[J].Atmospheric Research,99(2):190-196
汪赛,伊力塔,余树全,等.2014.模拟酸雨对青冈光合及叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].应用生态学报,25(8):2183-2192
王芳,廖柏勇,李培,等.2016.苦楝SSR-PCR反应体系优化及引物筛选[J].林业科学研究,29(2):167-175
王欣欣,邓明华,龚明,等.2016.Cd2+胁迫对小桐子幼苗叶片抗氧化系统的影响[J].西北植物学报,36(3):527-533
Won H C,In A L.2016.The anti-tubercular activity of Melia azedarach L.and Lobelia chinensis Lour.and their potential as effective antiMycobacterium tuberculosis candidate agents[J].Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine,6(10):830-835
熊庆娥.2003.植物生理学实验教程[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社
俞飞,宋琦,刘美华,等.2016.模拟酸雨不同处理对秃瓣杜英幼苗生物量和生理的影响[J].林业科学,52(5):92-100
张敏,王美娥,陈卫平,等.2015.湖南攸县典型煤矿和工厂区水稻田土壤镉污染特征及污染途径分析[J].环境科学,36(4):1425-1430
张然然,张鹏,都韶婷.2016.镉毒害下植物氧化胁迫发生及其信号调控机制的研究进展[J].应用生态学报,27(3):981-992
郑有飞,吴荣军,麦博儒.2011.酸雨变化及其作物响应[M].北京:气象出版社
朱虹,单淑芳,李增智,等.2010.苦楝内生真菌及其代谢产物的杀虫活性[J].中国生物防治,26(1):47-52