复合型螯合药肥对镉铅污染土壤的原位固定修复效应分析
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摘要
以镉铅复合污染土壤为对象,采用田间试验,通过种植水稻、红薯和小白菜,施用钠基、钾基和钙基3种复合型螯合药肥,分析土壤中Cd和Pb的固定效率,探讨复合型螯合药肥对降低农产品Cd和Pb含量的效果。结果表明,复合型螯合药肥施用量在耕层土重的0.5%以上即可有效降低土壤中Cd和Pb的移动性,土壤中Cd和Pb的固定效率分别达到49.2%-66.2%和79.9%-93.6%,且可使稻米、红薯干和小白菜等农产品中Cd含量降低至国家标准(GB 2762—2012)限值以内,其降低幅度分别为69.5%-79.7%、42.9%-47.6%和80.5%-83.7%;但对稻米和小白菜中Pb含量无明显的降低作用。同时,该药肥对土壤pH值和稻谷、红薯及小白菜的产量无明显影响。研究表明,供试钠基、钾基和钙基3种复合型螯合药肥可推荐用作镉污染土壤的原位固定修复材料。
To investigate the in-situ stabilization of Cd and Pb in polluted soil using sodium-, potassium- and calcium-compound chelating fertilizers, a field experiment was conducted in a Cd and Pb combined contaminated soil in Zhuzhou city, Hunan Province, P.R. China. Rice, sweat-potato and Chinese cabbage were planted, harvested and sampled. The results indicated that the 3 kinds of compound chelating fertilizers application significantly reduced the mobility of Cd and Pb in soil by 49.2%-66.2% and 79.9%-93.6%, respectively. Moreover, the contents of Cd in brown rice, dry sweat-potato and Chinese cabbage significantly decreased by 69.5-79.7%, 42.9%-47.6% and 80.5%-83.7%,respectively. However, no significant decrease of Pb contents in brown rice or Chinese cabbage was observed. This contradiction could be contributed to the deposition of Pb in the tested area. The field experiment was located in the downwind direction of a Smelter and there is heavily deposition of Pb in this area. Further, no significant effect of such fertilizers application on soil pH or yields of rice, sweat-potato or Chinese cabbage was observed. In conclusion, the 3tested compound chelating fertilizers could be recommended for the remediation of Cd contaminated soil.
To investigate the in-situ stabilization of Cd and Pb in polluted soil using sodium-, potassium- and calcium-compound chelating fertilizers, a field experiment was conducted in a Cd and Pb combined contaminated soil in Zhuzhou city, Hunan Province, P.R. China. Rice, sweat-potato and Chinese cabbage were planted, harvested and sampled. The results indicated that the 3 kinds of compound chelating fertilizers application significantly reduced the mobility of Cd and Pb in soil by 49.2%-66.2% and 79.9%-93.6%, respectively. Moreover, the contents of Cd in brown rice, dry sweat-potato and Chinese cabbage significantly decreased by 69.5-79.7%, 42.9%-47.6% and 80.5%-83.7%,respectively. However, no significant decrease of Pb contents in brown rice or Chinese cabbage was observed. This contradiction could be contributed to the deposition of Pb in the tested area. The field experiment was located in the downwind direction of a Smelter and there is heavily deposition of Pb in this area. Further, no significant effect of such fertilizers application on soil pH or yields of rice, sweat-potato or Chinese cabbage was observed. In conclusion, the 3tested compound chelating fertilizers could be recommended for the remediation of Cd contaminated soil.
引文
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[11]雷鸣,秦普丰,铁柏清.湖南湘江流域重金属污染的现状与分析[J].农业环境与发展,2010(2):62-65.
[12]刘春早,黄益宗,雷鸣,等.湘江流域土壤重金属污染及其生态环境风险评价[J].环境科学,2012,33(1):260-265.
[13]郭朝晖,肖细元,陈同斌,等.湘江中下游农田土壤和蔬菜的重金属污染[J].地理学报,2008,63(1):3-11.
[14]Wang L X,Cuo Z H,Xiao X Y,et al.Heavy metal pollution of soils and vegetables in the midstream and downstream of the Xiangjiang River,Hunan Province[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2008,18(3):353-362.
[15]吴双桃,吴晓芙,胡曰利,等.铅锌冶炼厂土壤污染及重金属富集植物的研究[J].生态环境,2004,13(2):156-157,160.
[2]Nicholson F A,Smith S R,Alloway B J,et al.An inventory of heavy metals inputs to agricultural soils in England and Wales[J].The ScienceoftheTotalEnvironment,2003,311(1-3):205-219.
[3]Cance B M,Ponthieu M,Castrec-Rouelle E,et al.Metal ions speciation in a soil and its solution:experimental data and model results[J].Geoderma,2003,113:341-355.
[4]唐成,宋同清,杨钙仁,等.大环江两岸农田重金属污染现状及健康风险评价[J].农业现代化研究,2013,34(5):613-616.
[5]曾希柏,苏世鸣,马世铭,等.我国农田生态系统重金属的循环与调控[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(9):2418-2426.
[6]曾希柏,徐建明,黄巧云,等.中国农田重金属问题的若干思考[J].土壤学报,2013,50(1):186-194.
[7]王立群,罗磊,马义兵,等.重金属污染土壤原位钝化修复研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(5):1214-1222.
[8]Guo G,Zhou Q,Ma L Q.Availability and assessment of fixing additives for the in situ remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils:a review[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2006,116(1-3):513-528.
[9]龙永珍,戴塔根,邹海洋.长沙、株洲、湘潭地区土壤重金属污染现状及评价[J].地球与环境,2008,36(3):231-236.
[10]息朝庄,戴塔根,黄丹艳.湖南株洲市土壤重金属分布特征及污染评价[J].中国地质,2008,35(3):524-530.
[11]雷鸣,秦普丰,铁柏清.湖南湘江流域重金属污染的现状与分析[J].农业环境与发展,2010(2):62-65.
[12]刘春早,黄益宗,雷鸣,等.湘江流域土壤重金属污染及其生态环境风险评价[J].环境科学,2012,33(1):260-265.
[13]郭朝晖,肖细元,陈同斌,等.湘江中下游农田土壤和蔬菜的重金属污染[J].地理学报,2008,63(1):3-11.
[14]Wang L X,Cuo Z H,Xiao X Y,et al.Heavy metal pollution of soils and vegetables in the midstream and downstream of the Xiangjiang River,Hunan Province[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2008,18(3):353-362.
[15]吴双桃,吴晓芙,胡曰利,等.铅锌冶炼厂土壤污染及重金属富集植物的研究[J].生态环境,2004,13(2):156-157,160.