多影响因素作用下碳氢燃料跨临界过程换热恶化的数值研究
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摘要
为深入理解多影响因素作用下碳氢燃料跨临界过程换热恶化的特性,基于开源计算软件OpenFOAM对超临界RP-3的流动换热过程进行数值模拟。采用广义对应状态法则对碳氢燃料替代模型的物性进行计算,湍流模型选用SST(shear stress transport)k-ω湍流模型。与实验数据比较,热流密度为300～400kW/m2内的计算壁温平均误差小于3%。研究分析了换热恶化机理,讨论压力、进口温度、热流密度与质量流量之比对RP-3换热特性的影响。结果表明:拟临界温度附近RP-3热物性的剧烈变化是强制对流下发生换热恶化的主要原因;提高压力、降低热流密度与质量流量之比或减小进口温度是避免流体在拟临界温度附近发生换热恶化的有效措施;提出了换热恶化预测关联式,为主动再生冷却技术提供参考。
In order to deeply understand the heat transfer characteristics of supercritical hydrocarbon fuel in the process of active regeneration cooling,the heat transfer characteristics of supercritical RP-3 were numerically calculated based on the open source software OpenFOAM.The SST(shear stress transport)k-ω turbulence model was used and the physical properties of aviation kerosene alternative fuels were calculated by the generalized corresponding state law.Comparative analyses between numerical and experimental results were used to evaluate the reliability of calculation method,the average error of wall temperature was less than 3% with the heat flux ranging from 300 kW/m2 to 400 kW/m2.The mechanism of heat transfer deterioration was analyzed,the effects of pressure,inlet temperature and the ratio of heat flux and mass flow rate on the flow and heat transfer were discussed.Itindicated that the dramatic changes of hydrocarbon fuel physical properties near the pseudo critical temperature were the main cause of heat transfer deterioration under forced convection.Improving the pressure and the ratio of heat flux and mass flow rate or decreasing the inlet temperature were effective measures to avoid the heat transfer deterioration near the pseudo critical temperature.The predictive correlation formula of heat transfer deterioration had been proposed,providing a reference for the regeneration cooling technology.
In order to deeply understand the heat transfer characteristics of supercritical hydrocarbon fuel in the process of active regeneration cooling,the heat transfer characteristics of supercritical RP-3 were numerically calculated based on the open source software OpenFOAM.The SST(shear stress transport)k-ω turbulence model was used and the physical properties of aviation kerosene alternative fuels were calculated by the generalized corresponding state law.Comparative analyses between numerical and experimental results were used to evaluate the reliability of calculation method,the average error of wall temperature was less than 3% with the heat flux ranging from 300 kW/m2 to 400 kW/m2.The mechanism of heat transfer deterioration was analyzed,the effects of pressure,inlet temperature and the ratio of heat flux and mass flow rate on the flow and heat transfer were discussed.Itindicated that the dramatic changes of hydrocarbon fuel physical properties near the pseudo critical temperature were the main cause of heat transfer deterioration under forced convection.Improving the pressure and the ratio of heat flux and mass flow rate or decreasing the inlet temperature were effective measures to avoid the heat transfer deterioration near the pseudo critical temperature.The predictive correlation formula of heat transfer deterioration had been proposed,providing a reference for the regeneration cooling technology.
引文
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[21] DENG Hongwu,ZHANG Chunben,XU Guoqiang,et al.Visualization experiments of a specific fuel flow through quartz-glass tubes under both sub-and supercritical conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2012,25(3):372-380.
[22]张春本.超临界压力下碳氢燃料的流动与换热特性研究[D].北京:北京航空航天大学,2011.ZHANG Chunben.Study on flow and heat transfer characteristics of hydrocarbon fuel under supercritical pressure[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2011.(in Chinese)
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[2] SHIRALKAR B S,GRIFFITH P.Deterioration in heat transfer to fluids at supercritical pressure and high heat fluxes[J].Journal of Heat Transfer,1969,91(1):27-36.
[3] BOURKE P J,PULLING D J,GILL L E,et al.Forced convective heat transfer to turbulent CO2in the supercritical region[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,1970,13(8):1339-1348.
[4]张宇,姜培学,石润富,等.竖直圆管中超临界压力CO2在低Re下对流换热研究[J].工程热物理学报,2008,29(1):118-120.ZHANG Yu,JIANG Peixue,SHI Runfu,et al.Study on convective heat transfer of supercritical pressure CO2in vertical tubes at low Re[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2008,29(1):118-120.(in Chinese)
[5] MCELIGOT D M,COON C W,PERKINS H C.Relaminarization in tubes[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,1970,13(2):431-433.
[6]饶政华,廖胜明.超临界CO2水平细微管内层流流动与换热的数值模拟[J].热科学与技术,2005,4(2):113-117.RAO Zhenghua,MIU Shengming.Numerical simulation of laminar flow and heat transfer in microtubes with supercritical CO2 level[J].Journal of Thermal Science and Technology,2005,4(2):113-117.(in Chinese)
[7] ZHONG Fengquan,FAN Xuejun,YU Gong,et al.Heat transfer of aviation kerosene at supercritical conditions[J].Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer,2009,23(3):543-550.
[8] LIU Bo,ZHU Yinhai,YAN Junjie,et al.Experimental investigation of convection heat transfer of n-decane at supercritical pressures in small vertical tubes[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2015,91(1):734-746.
[9] JACKSON J D,COTTON M A,AXCELL B P.Studies of mixed convection in vertical tubes[J].International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow,1989,10(1):2-15.
[10]赵陈儒.超临界压力流体在圆管内流动与对流换热研究[D].北京:清华大学,2011.ZHAO Chenru.Study on flow and convection heat transfer of supercritical pressure fluid in a circular tube[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2011.(in Chinese)
[11] DANG Guoxin,ZHONG Fengquan,CHEN Lihong,et al.Numerical investigation on flow and convective heat transfer of aviation kerosene at supercritical conditions[J].Science China Technological Sciences,2013,56(2):416-422.
[12] ZHU Kun,XU Guoqiang,JIA Zhouxia,et al.Pressure effect on the heat transfer characteristics of hydrocarbon fuel in the horizontal circular tube at supercritical pressures[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2016,31(6):1289-1296.
[13] ZHOU Weixing,BAO Wen,QIN Jiang,et al.Deterioration in heat transfer of endothermal hydrocarbon fuel[J].Journal of Thermal Science,2011,20(2):173-180.
[14]王彦红,李素芬,东明.浮升力对水平管内超临界航空煤油传热影响数值研究[J].大连理工大学学报,2013,53(6):816-823.WANG Yanhong,LI Sufen,DONG Ming.Numerical study on the effect of floating force on heat transfer of supercritical aviation kerosene in horizontal pipe[J].Journal of Dalian University of Technology,2013,53(6):816-823.(in Chinese)
[15] ZHU Jianqin,TAO Zhi,DENG Hongwu,et al.Numerical investigation of heat transfer characteristics and flow resistance of kerosene RP-3under supercritical pressure[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2015,91(1):330-341.
[16] ZHAO Guozhu,SONG Wenyan ZHANG Ruoling,et al.Numerical simulation on flow and heat transfer of n-decane under supercritical pressure[J].Journal of Propulsion Technology,2014,35(4):537-543.
[17] MOHSENI M,BAZARGAN M.The effect of the low Reynolds number k-εturbulence models on simulation of the enhanced and deteriorated convective heat transfer to the supercritical fluid flows[J].Heat and Mass Transfer,2011,47(5):609-619.
[18] MENTER F R.Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications[J].AIAA Journal,1994,32(8):1598-1605.
[19] ANSYS Incorporation.Fluent 14.5user guide[M].Lebanon:Fluent Incorporation,2013.
[20]程泽源,朱剑琴,金钊.吸热型碳氢燃料RP-3替代模型研究[J].航空动力学报,2016,31(2):391-398.CHENG Zeyuan,ZHU Jianqin,JIN Zhao.Study on the replacement model of endothermic hydrocarbon fuel RP-3[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2016,31(2):391-398.(in Chinese)
[21] DENG Hongwu,ZHANG Chunben,XU Guoqiang,et al.Visualization experiments of a specific fuel flow through quartz-glass tubes under both sub-and supercritical conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2012,25(3):372-380.
[22]张春本.超临界压力下碳氢燃料的流动与换热特性研究[D].北京:北京航空航天大学,2011.ZHANG Chunben.Study on flow and heat transfer characteristics of hydrocarbon fuel under supercritical pressure[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2011.(in Chinese)
[23] URBANO A,NASUTI F.On the onset of heat transfer deterioration in supercritical coolant flow channels[R].AIAA-2012-2880,2012.
[24]张斌,张春本,邓宏武,等.超临界压力下碳氢燃料在竖直圆管内换热特性[J].航空动力学报,2012,27(3):595-603.ZHANG Bin,ZHANG Chunben,DENG Hongwu,et al.Heat transfer characteristics of hydrocarbon fuel in vertical tube under supercritical pressure[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2012,27(3):595-603.(in Chinese)