粤港澳大湾区地热资源潜力评估
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摘要
粤港澳大湾区是中国参与全球竞争的重要空间载体,为平衡其区域经济发展对能源的需求与生态环境保护问题,大力开发地热资源是一种重要的途径。作者从大地构造、地层岩性和地温场特征分析入手,论证了大湾区赋存地热资源的可能性,综合考虑深部地温、岩石热物理性质和大地热流值等要素,通过建立网格单元对水热型和干热岩型地热资源量进行定量评价,并识别圈定地热资源高值区。初步研究结果表明:1)大湾区深、大断裂交汇发育,花岗岩广布,形成了有利于地热赋存和输送的地质环境,大地热流值也印证了该区域存在地热异常和良好热源。2)通过地温估算发现,当地层深度在1.3 km以下时,地温能达到70℃以上;当地层深度在5 km时,地温在168.81～233.61℃,干热岩具有较高的开采价值。3)大湾区5 km深度范围内,地热资源总量为5.83×1017 kJ,采收率取30%,预计可获取的地热能折合标准煤5.94×10~9 t,同时减少排放4.04×10~9 t的CO_2。4)地热资源赋存相对高值区主要沿东北向深大断裂带分布,集中在佛山、中山、江门、深圳和香港局部地区,单位面积上的资源赋存量为5.19×10~5 t/km2标准煤,建议为地热勘察与开采的重点区域。
As an important space carrier to participate in global competition,the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay area is facing the pressure from the energy demand and environment protection.Developing geothermal resources is an effective way to solve the problem.In this paper,the possibility of geothermal development in Greater Bay area was reasoned,based on the analysis of regional geotectonic,stratigraphic lithology and geothermal field.Considering deep ground temperature,rock thermal physical parameters and terrestrial heat flow,geothermal water resource and hot dry rock resource were quantitatively assessed through raster units.Further,high potential geothermal zones were distinguished.Results show that:1)the intersected fault structures and widely distributed granite in the Greater Bay area provide a favorable geological environment for the storage and formation of geothermal resource,which is verified by the measured terrestrial heat flow;2)the computing results indicates that temperature would be over 70℃at depth of over 1.3 km and 168.81～233.61℃at depth of 5 km,showing a high potential of geothermal resource;3)The estimate geothermal resources in the Greater Bay area amount to 5.83×1017 kJ within the depth of 5 km.It is equivalent to the thermal value of standard coal of 5.94×10~9 t and can reduce the emission of CO_2 by 4.04×109 t,when recovery rate is set at 30%.4)The area of high potential geothermal resources is mainly distributed along the northeast deep fault,i.e.in Foshan,Zhongshan,Jiangmen,Shenzhen and Hong Kong,where the unit geothermal resource potential is equivalent to standard coal of 5.19×10~5 t per square kilometer,and should be taken as key area for geothermal prospecting and exploitation.
As an important space carrier to participate in global competition,the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay area is facing the pressure from the energy demand and environment protection.Developing geothermal resources is an effective way to solve the problem.In this paper,the possibility of geothermal development in Greater Bay area was reasoned,based on the analysis of regional geotectonic,stratigraphic lithology and geothermal field.Considering deep ground temperature,rock thermal physical parameters and terrestrial heat flow,geothermal water resource and hot dry rock resource were quantitatively assessed through raster units.Further,high potential geothermal zones were distinguished.Results show that:1)the intersected fault structures and widely distributed granite in the Greater Bay area provide a favorable geological environment for the storage and formation of geothermal resource,which is verified by the measured terrestrial heat flow;2)the computing results indicates that temperature would be over 70℃at depth of over 1.3 km and 168.81～233.61℃at depth of 5 km,showing a high potential of geothermal resource;3)The estimate geothermal resources in the Greater Bay area amount to 5.83×1017 kJ within the depth of 5 km.It is equivalent to the thermal value of standard coal of 5.94×10~9 t and can reduce the emission of CO_2 by 4.04×109 t,when recovery rate is set at 30%.4)The area of high potential geothermal resources is mainly distributed along the northeast deep fault,i.e.in Foshan,Zhongshan,Jiangmen,Shenzhen and Hong Kong,where the unit geothermal resource potential is equivalent to standard coal of 5.19×10~5 t per square kilometer,and should be taken as key area for geothermal prospecting and exploitation.
引文
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[15]Hu Shengbiao,He Lijuan,Wang Jiyang.Compilation of heat flow data in the China continental area(3rd edition)[J].Geophys,2001,44(5):611-626.[胡圣标,何丽娟,汪集旸.中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编(第三版)[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(5):611-626.]
[16]Jiang Guangzheng,Gao Peng,Rao Sun.Compilation of heat flow data in the continental area of China(4th edition)[J].Geophys,2016,59(8):2892-2910.[姜光政,高堋,饶松,等.中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编(第四版)[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(8):2892-2910.]
[17]Lin Wenjing,Liu Zhiming,Wang Wanli.The assessment of geothermal resources potential of China[J].Geology in China,2013,40(1):312-321.[蔺文静,刘志明,王婉丽.中国地热资源及其潜力评估[J].中国地质,2013,40(1):312-321.]
[18]全国国土资源标准化技术委员会,地热资源地质勘查规范:GB/T 11615-2010[S].2010.
[19]汪集旸,熊亮萍,庞忠和.中地温对流型地热系统[M].北京:科学出版社,1993:1-233.
[20]Yang Lizhong,Sun Zhanxue,Liu Jinhui,et al.On deployment of high-temperature deep geothermal wells in typical areas with hot dry rock potential in China[J].Geology and Exploration,2017,53(2):151-156.[杨立中,孙占学,刘金辉,等.中国典型干热岩潜力区的地热深井部署[J].地质与勘探,2017,53(2):151-156.]
[21]Li Tongbiao.A review of geothermal resource evaluation methods[J].Energy and Environment,2015(5):91-92.[李同彪.地热资源评估方法综述[J].能源与环境,2015(5):91-92.]
[2]Wang Shaoting,Chen Xinming.Present status and development of geothermal power generation and geothermal resources in Xizang[J].Electric Power,1999,32(10):79-81.[王绍亭,陈新民.西藏地热资源及地热发电的现状与发展[J].中国电力,1999,32(10):79-81.]
[3]Breede K,Dzebisashvili K,Liu X,et al.A systematic review of enhanced(or engineered)geothermal systems:Past,present and future[J].Geothermal Energy,2013,1(1):4-13.
[4]Gan Haonan,Wang Guiling,Lin Wenjing,et al.Research on the occurrence types and genetic models of hot dry rock resources in China[J].Science&Technology Review,2015,33(19):22-27.[甘浩男,王贵玲,蔺文静.中国干热岩资源主要赋存类型与成因模式[J].科技导报,2015,33(19):22-27.]
[5]Zheng Keyan,Chen Zihui.Hot dry rock development in China:A long way to go[J].Sino Global Energy,2017,22(2):21-25.[郑克棪,陈梓慧.中国干热岩开发:任重而道远[J].中外能源,2017,22(2):21-25.]
[6]徐世光,郭远生:地热学基础[M].北京,科学出版社,2009:3-5.
[7]Chen Zihui,Zheng Keyan,Jiang Jianjun.Discussion on the development strategy of hot dry rock in China[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2015(3):161-166.[陈梓慧,郑克棪,姜建军.试论我国干热岩地热资源开发战略[J].水文地质工程地质,2015(3):161-166.]
[8]Burns E R,Ingebritsen S E,Manga M,et al.Evaluating geothermal and hydrogeologic controls on regional groundwater temperature distribution[J].Water Resources Research,2016,52(2):1328-1344.
[9]Zhang Baiming.Study of geothermal reservoir engineering in low middle temperature-example of geothermal fields of Tianjin[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2006:15-17.[张百鸣.中低温地热热储工程研究--以天津地热田为例[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2006:15-17.]
[10]Ma Xiangming,Chen Yang.The Guangdong-Hong KongMacao Greater Bay area:A new era and a big challenge[J].Tropical Geography,2017,37(6):762-774.[马向明,陈洋.粤港澳大湾区:新阶段与新挑战[J].热带地理,2017,37(6):762-774.]
[11]Wang Xiao.Formation conditions and hydrogeochemical characteristics of the geothermal water in typical coastal geothermal field with deep faults,Guangdong province[D].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences,2018:72-74.[汪啸.广东沿海典型深大断裂带地热水系统形成条件及水文地球化学特征[D].武汉:中国地质大学,2018:72-74.]
[12]Zhao hailing,Yu Junji,Deng Jinfu,et al.Characteristics and genesis of paleogene lithospheric mantle in southeast coastal area[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2003,10(3):77-85.[赵海玲,于俊吉,邓晋福,等.东南沿海地区古近纪大陆岩石圈地幔特征及成因[J].地学前缘,2003,10(3):77-85.]
[13]Lin Wenjing,Wang Fengyuan,Gan Haonan.Site selection and development prospect of a hot dry rock resource project in Zhangzhou geothermal field,Fujian Province[J].Science&Technology Review,2015,33(19):28-34.[蔺文静,王凤元,甘浩男,等.福建漳州干热岩资源选址与开发前景分析[J].科技导报,2015,33(19):28-34.]
[14]Yuan Yusong,Ma Yongsheng,Hu Shengbiao.Present-day geothermal characteristics in South China[J].Chinese J.Geophys,2006,49(4):1118-1126.[袁玉松,马永生,胡圣标.中国南方现今地热特征[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1118-1126.]
[15]Hu Shengbiao,He Lijuan,Wang Jiyang.Compilation of heat flow data in the China continental area(3rd edition)[J].Geophys,2001,44(5):611-626.[胡圣标,何丽娟,汪集旸.中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编(第三版)[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(5):611-626.]
[16]Jiang Guangzheng,Gao Peng,Rao Sun.Compilation of heat flow data in the continental area of China(4th edition)[J].Geophys,2016,59(8):2892-2910.[姜光政,高堋,饶松,等.中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编(第四版)[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(8):2892-2910.]
[17]Lin Wenjing,Liu Zhiming,Wang Wanli.The assessment of geothermal resources potential of China[J].Geology in China,2013,40(1):312-321.[蔺文静,刘志明,王婉丽.中国地热资源及其潜力评估[J].中国地质,2013,40(1):312-321.]
[18]全国国土资源标准化技术委员会,地热资源地质勘查规范:GB/T 11615-2010[S].2010.
[19]汪集旸,熊亮萍,庞忠和.中地温对流型地热系统[M].北京:科学出版社,1993:1-233.
[20]Yang Lizhong,Sun Zhanxue,Liu Jinhui,et al.On deployment of high-temperature deep geothermal wells in typical areas with hot dry rock potential in China[J].Geology and Exploration,2017,53(2):151-156.[杨立中,孙占学,刘金辉,等.中国典型干热岩潜力区的地热深井部署[J].地质与勘探,2017,53(2):151-156.]
[21]Li Tongbiao.A review of geothermal resource evaluation methods[J].Energy and Environment,2015(5):91-92.[李同彪.地热资源评估方法综述[J].能源与环境,2015(5):91-92.]