饶阳凹陷古近系沙河街组古地震记录及地质意义
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摘要
综合区域构造背景和岩心观察,对饶阳凹陷东部陡坡带、中央隆起带及北部任丘潜山上覆的古近系沙河街组地震成因的软沉积物变形构造类型、沉积特征、成因机制及地质意义展开研究。结果表明:研究区发育多种原地形成的拉伸—挤压作用及液化作用成因的软沉积物变形构造;由下至上依次为同沉积断裂层段、地震角砾岩层段、液化砂岩脉层段、软沉积变形层段和液化均一层段;沙三段沉积时期是控盆边界断层以及控制潜山活动的控山断层活动强烈时期,频繁引发震级高于5级的地震,且越靠近凹陷东部断裂带,地震构造发育的类型越多;微断层、微裂缝等的形成能极大地改善储层渗透率,使之成为潜在的油气储层或油气运移通道。
In Raoyang Sag,a large number of soft-sediment deformation structures caused by earthquakes were observed in Palaeogene Shahejie Formation along its east steep slope,the central uplift belt and the northern Renqiu paleoburial hill zone.These soft-sediment deformation structures were mainly autochthonously caused by liquefaction and stretch-extrusion effects.A vertical sequence of seismits could be established and classified into five intervals from bottom to top,which were syn-sedimentary fault interval,seismic breccia interval,liquefied sandstones dyke interval,soft-sediment deformation intervals and liquefies homogeneous interval,respectively.Our research shows that seismites were mostly developed in the third member of Shahejie Formation,indicating that basin-controlling and buried-hill-controlling faults were strongly active in the period and frequently triggered earthquakes of magnitude higher than 5.The closer to the eastern fault zone of the sag,the more types and bigger sizes of the seismitic structures were developed,whereas no ancient earthquake records have been found in the western gentle slope.Our results may help to recover tectonic activities and buried hill uplift features of Raoyang Sag in terms of sedimentology.Moreover,the research also has found that microfaults and microfissures developed in seismites are able to improve the reservoir permeability greatly,forming potential oil and gas reservoirs or migration channels.
In Raoyang Sag,a large number of soft-sediment deformation structures caused by earthquakes were observed in Palaeogene Shahejie Formation along its east steep slope,the central uplift belt and the northern Renqiu paleoburial hill zone.These soft-sediment deformation structures were mainly autochthonously caused by liquefaction and stretch-extrusion effects.A vertical sequence of seismits could be established and classified into five intervals from bottom to top,which were syn-sedimentary fault interval,seismic breccia interval,liquefied sandstones dyke interval,soft-sediment deformation intervals and liquefies homogeneous interval,respectively.Our research shows that seismites were mostly developed in the third member of Shahejie Formation,indicating that basin-controlling and buried-hill-controlling faults were strongly active in the period and frequently triggered earthquakes of magnitude higher than 5.The closer to the eastern fault zone of the sag,the more types and bigger sizes of the seismitic structures were developed,whereas no ancient earthquake records have been found in the western gentle slope.Our results may help to recover tectonic activities and buried hill uplift features of Raoyang Sag in terms of sedimentology.Moreover,the research also has found that microfaults and microfissures developed in seismites are able to improve the reservoir permeability greatly,forming potential oil and gas reservoirs or migration channels.
引文
[1]杜远生,韩欣.论震积作用和震积岩[J].地球科学进展,2000,15(4):389-394.DU Yuansheng,HAN Xin.Seismo-depression and seismites[J].Advanced in Earth Sciences,2000,15(4):389-394.
[2]杨剑萍,王海峰,聂玲玲,等.冀中坳陷晋县凹陷古近系震积岩的发现及地质意义[J].沉积学报,2014,32(4):634-642.YANG Jianping,WANG Haifeng,NIE Lingling,et al.Discovery and geological significance of seismites of paleogene in Jinxian Sag,Jizhong Depression[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2014,32(4):634-642.
[3]SEILACHER A.Fault-graded beds interpreted as seismites[J].Sedimentology,1969,13(1/2):155-159.
[4]宋天锐.北京十三陵前寒武纪碳酸盐岩地层中的一套可能的地震-海啸序列[J].科学通报,1988,33(8):609-611.SONG Tianrui.A set of possible earthquake-tsunami sequences of Beijing Ming tombs Precambnan carbonate formation[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1988,33(8):609-611.
[5]梁定益,聂泽同,万晓樵,等.试论震积岩及震积不整合:以川西、滇西地区为例[J].现代地质,1991,5(2):138-146.LIANG Dingyi,NIE Zetong,WANG Xiaoqiao et al.On the seismite and seismodisconformity:take the Western Sichuan and Yunnan as an example[J].Geoscience,1991,5(2):138-146.
[6]孙晓猛,梁定益,聂泽同.大陆边缘震积岩序列:以金沙江中段震积岩为例[J].现代地质,1995,9(3):271-278.SUN Xiaomeng,LIANG Dingyi,NIE Zetong.Seismite sequence in continental margin:take seismint in middle region of Jinsha River as an example[J].Geoscience,1995,9(3):271-278.
[7]石亚军,陈武杰,曹正林,等,柴达木盆地西南区震积岩的发现及其引发的勘探启迪[J].地质学报,2009,83(8):1178-1187.SHI Yajun,CHEN Wujie,CAO Zhenglin,et al.Discovery of seismites in the Southwestern Qaidam Basin and its significance for exploration[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2009,83(8):1178-1187.
[8]田景春,王文之,王峰,等.鄂尔多斯盆地华池:庆阳地区上三叠统延长组长6油层组古地震变形构造及砂体叠置关系[J].古地理学报,2012,14(3):303-310.TIAN Jingchun,WANG Wenzhi,WANG Feng,et al.Palaeoearthquake deformation structures of the Chang 6interval of Upper Triassic Yangchang Formation and superimposed relationship between sandbodies in HuachiQingyang area of Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2012,14(3):303-310.
[9]陈世悦,袁文芳,鄢继华.济阳坳陷早第三纪震积岩的发现及其意义[J].地质科学,2003,38(3):377-384.CHEN Shiyue,YUAN Wenfang,YAN Jihua.Discovery and significance of earthquake event deposits of early tertiary in the Jiyang depression[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2003,38(3):377-384.
[10]路慎强.济阳坳陷古近系碎屑岩地层中震积岩识别标志研究[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006,30(5):8-13.LU Shenqiang.Study on the distinguishing marks of seismites in clastic rock strata of Paleogene in Jiyang depression[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2006,30(5):8-13.
[11]袁静.山东惠民凹陷古近纪震积岩特征及其地质意义[J].沉积学报,2004,22(1):41-46.YUAN Jing.The property and geological significance of seismites of Paleogene in Huimin Sag,Shandong Province[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2004,22(1):41-46.
[12]袁静.中国震积作用和震积岩研究进展[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2005,29(1):144-149.YUAN Jing.Research of seismic deposition and seismites of China[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),2005,29(1):144-149.
[13]倪超,纪友亮.饶阳凹陷古近系沙河街组层序地层分析及沉积体系研究[J].中国地质,2006,33(1):193-200.NI Chao,JI Youliang.Sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary system of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the Raoyang subbasin[J].Geology in China,2006,33(1):193-200.
[14]杜远生.中国地震事件沉积研究的若干问题探讨[J].古地理学报,2011,13(6):581-590.DU Yuansheng.Discussion about studies of earthquake event deposit in China[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2011,13(6):581-590.
[15]李勇,钟建华,邵珠福,等.软沉积变形构造的分类和形成机制研究[J].地质论评,2012,58(5):829-838.LI Yong,ZHONG Jianhua,SHAO Zhufu,et al.An overview of the classification and genesis of soft-sediment deformation structure[J].Geological Review,2012,58(5):829-838.
[16]ARNAUD E.The paleoclimatic significance of deformation structures in Neoproterozoic successions[J].Sedimentary Geology,2012,243:33-56.
[17]袁静,陈鑫,张善文.济阳坳陷古近系软沉积变形层中的砂岩脉特征[J].石油学报,2008,29(3):336-340.YUAN Jing,CHEN Xin,ZHANG Shanwen.Characteristics of sand dikes in the Paleogene soft-sediments of Jiyang Depression[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(3):336-340.
[18]GHOSH S K,PANDEY A K,PANDEY P,et al.Softsediment deformation structures from the Paleoproterozoic Damtha Group of Garhwal Lesser Himalaya,India[J].Sedimentary Geology,2012,261:76-89.
[19]MORETTI M,RONCHI A.Liquefaction features interpreted as seismites in the Pleistocene fluvio-lacustrine deposits of the Neuquén Basin(Northern Patagonia)[J].Sedimentary Geology,2011,235:200-209.
[20]袁静,陈鑫,田洪水.济阳坳陷古近纪软沉积变形层中的环状层理及成因[J].沉积学报,2006,24(5):666-671.YUAN Jing,CHEN Xin,TIAN Hongshui.Formation of loop bedding in Jiyang Sub-basin Paleogene[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(5):666-671.
[21]OWEN G,MORETTI M.Identifying triggers for liquefaction-induced soft-sediment deformation in sands[J].Sedimentary Geology,2011,235(3):141-147.
[22]MORETTI M,ALFARO P,CASELLES O,et al.Modelling seismites with a digital shaking table[J].Tectonophysics,1999,304:369-383.
[23]梅冥相.震动变形构造所表征的震积岩:以河北宣化中元古界高于庄组第三段为例[J].地学前缘,2012,19(2):239-247.MEI Mingxiang.Seismite represented by shock deformation structure:a case study of the third member of Mesoproterozic Gaoyuzhuang Formation in Xuanhua County of Hebei Province[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(2):239-247.
[24]GALLI P.New empirical relationships between magnitude and distance for liquefaction[J].Tectonophysics,2000,324:169-187.
[25]BERRA F,FELLETTI F.Syndepositional tectonics recorded by soft-sediment deformation and liquefaction structures(continental Lower Permian sediments,Southern Alps,Northern Italy):stratigraphic significance[J].Sedimentary Geology,2011,235(3):249-263.
[2]杨剑萍,王海峰,聂玲玲,等.冀中坳陷晋县凹陷古近系震积岩的发现及地质意义[J].沉积学报,2014,32(4):634-642.YANG Jianping,WANG Haifeng,NIE Lingling,et al.Discovery and geological significance of seismites of paleogene in Jinxian Sag,Jizhong Depression[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2014,32(4):634-642.
[3]SEILACHER A.Fault-graded beds interpreted as seismites[J].Sedimentology,1969,13(1/2):155-159.
[4]宋天锐.北京十三陵前寒武纪碳酸盐岩地层中的一套可能的地震-海啸序列[J].科学通报,1988,33(8):609-611.SONG Tianrui.A set of possible earthquake-tsunami sequences of Beijing Ming tombs Precambnan carbonate formation[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1988,33(8):609-611.
[5]梁定益,聂泽同,万晓樵,等.试论震积岩及震积不整合:以川西、滇西地区为例[J].现代地质,1991,5(2):138-146.LIANG Dingyi,NIE Zetong,WANG Xiaoqiao et al.On the seismite and seismodisconformity:take the Western Sichuan and Yunnan as an example[J].Geoscience,1991,5(2):138-146.
[6]孙晓猛,梁定益,聂泽同.大陆边缘震积岩序列:以金沙江中段震积岩为例[J].现代地质,1995,9(3):271-278.SUN Xiaomeng,LIANG Dingyi,NIE Zetong.Seismite sequence in continental margin:take seismint in middle region of Jinsha River as an example[J].Geoscience,1995,9(3):271-278.
[7]石亚军,陈武杰,曹正林,等,柴达木盆地西南区震积岩的发现及其引发的勘探启迪[J].地质学报,2009,83(8):1178-1187.SHI Yajun,CHEN Wujie,CAO Zhenglin,et al.Discovery of seismites in the Southwestern Qaidam Basin and its significance for exploration[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2009,83(8):1178-1187.
[8]田景春,王文之,王峰,等.鄂尔多斯盆地华池:庆阳地区上三叠统延长组长6油层组古地震变形构造及砂体叠置关系[J].古地理学报,2012,14(3):303-310.TIAN Jingchun,WANG Wenzhi,WANG Feng,et al.Palaeoearthquake deformation structures of the Chang 6interval of Upper Triassic Yangchang Formation and superimposed relationship between sandbodies in HuachiQingyang area of Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2012,14(3):303-310.
[9]陈世悦,袁文芳,鄢继华.济阳坳陷早第三纪震积岩的发现及其意义[J].地质科学,2003,38(3):377-384.CHEN Shiyue,YUAN Wenfang,YAN Jihua.Discovery and significance of earthquake event deposits of early tertiary in the Jiyang depression[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2003,38(3):377-384.
[10]路慎强.济阳坳陷古近系碎屑岩地层中震积岩识别标志研究[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006,30(5):8-13.LU Shenqiang.Study on the distinguishing marks of seismites in clastic rock strata of Paleogene in Jiyang depression[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2006,30(5):8-13.
[11]袁静.山东惠民凹陷古近纪震积岩特征及其地质意义[J].沉积学报,2004,22(1):41-46.YUAN Jing.The property and geological significance of seismites of Paleogene in Huimin Sag,Shandong Province[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2004,22(1):41-46.
[12]袁静.中国震积作用和震积岩研究进展[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2005,29(1):144-149.YUAN Jing.Research of seismic deposition and seismites of China[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),2005,29(1):144-149.
[13]倪超,纪友亮.饶阳凹陷古近系沙河街组层序地层分析及沉积体系研究[J].中国地质,2006,33(1):193-200.NI Chao,JI Youliang.Sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary system of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the Raoyang subbasin[J].Geology in China,2006,33(1):193-200.
[14]杜远生.中国地震事件沉积研究的若干问题探讨[J].古地理学报,2011,13(6):581-590.DU Yuansheng.Discussion about studies of earthquake event deposit in China[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2011,13(6):581-590.
[15]李勇,钟建华,邵珠福,等.软沉积变形构造的分类和形成机制研究[J].地质论评,2012,58(5):829-838.LI Yong,ZHONG Jianhua,SHAO Zhufu,et al.An overview of the classification and genesis of soft-sediment deformation structure[J].Geological Review,2012,58(5):829-838.
[16]ARNAUD E.The paleoclimatic significance of deformation structures in Neoproterozoic successions[J].Sedimentary Geology,2012,243:33-56.
[17]袁静,陈鑫,张善文.济阳坳陷古近系软沉积变形层中的砂岩脉特征[J].石油学报,2008,29(3):336-340.YUAN Jing,CHEN Xin,ZHANG Shanwen.Characteristics of sand dikes in the Paleogene soft-sediments of Jiyang Depression[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(3):336-340.
[18]GHOSH S K,PANDEY A K,PANDEY P,et al.Softsediment deformation structures from the Paleoproterozoic Damtha Group of Garhwal Lesser Himalaya,India[J].Sedimentary Geology,2012,261:76-89.
[19]MORETTI M,RONCHI A.Liquefaction features interpreted as seismites in the Pleistocene fluvio-lacustrine deposits of the Neuquén Basin(Northern Patagonia)[J].Sedimentary Geology,2011,235:200-209.
[20]袁静,陈鑫,田洪水.济阳坳陷古近纪软沉积变形层中的环状层理及成因[J].沉积学报,2006,24(5):666-671.YUAN Jing,CHEN Xin,TIAN Hongshui.Formation of loop bedding in Jiyang Sub-basin Paleogene[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(5):666-671.
[21]OWEN G,MORETTI M.Identifying triggers for liquefaction-induced soft-sediment deformation in sands[J].Sedimentary Geology,2011,235(3):141-147.
[22]MORETTI M,ALFARO P,CASELLES O,et al.Modelling seismites with a digital shaking table[J].Tectonophysics,1999,304:369-383.
[23]梅冥相.震动变形构造所表征的震积岩:以河北宣化中元古界高于庄组第三段为例[J].地学前缘,2012,19(2):239-247.MEI Mingxiang.Seismite represented by shock deformation structure:a case study of the third member of Mesoproterozic Gaoyuzhuang Formation in Xuanhua County of Hebei Province[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(2):239-247.
[24]GALLI P.New empirical relationships between magnitude and distance for liquefaction[J].Tectonophysics,2000,324:169-187.
[25]BERRA F,FELLETTI F.Syndepositional tectonics recorded by soft-sediment deformation and liquefaction structures(continental Lower Permian sediments,Southern Alps,Northern Italy):stratigraphic significance[J].Sedimentary Geology,2011,235(3):249-263.