抗稻瘟病杂交稻‘谷优168’的选育及产量结构分析
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摘要
为了选育抗稻瘟病杂交稻品种,揭示其高产结构特征,以福建省农业科学院水稻研究所选育的抗稻瘟病三系不育系‘谷丰A’为母本,以自选恢复系‘六恢168’为父本,配组育成高产、抗稻瘟病的杂交稻新品种‘谷优168’。根据‘谷优168’参加国家武陵山区区试结果,分析其生物学特性,进行产量及产量构成因素间的相关分析和通径分析。结果表明‘谷优168’高产、抗稻瘟病,感纹枯病,中感稻曲病,耐冷性强。产量结构分析,每公顷穗数对产量的贡献率为34.2%,每穗粒数为27.3%,千粒重为18.4%,结实率为17.5%。每公顷穗数和每穗粒数对每公顷总粒数的贡献率分别为30.6%和69.2%。每公顷总粒数对库容量的贡献率为92.9%,千粒重的贡献率为6.9%。库容量对稻谷产量的贡献率为79.5%,结实率的贡献率为17.5%。‘谷优168’高产的关键是在足穗的基础上培育大穗,增加单位面积的总粒数,扩大库容量,并以提高结实率为保证。
The aims are to breed new blast-resistant hybrid rice varieties and to reveal their structural characteristics of high yield.A new hybrid rice variety"Guyou 168"with high yield and blast resistance was bred by crossing'Gufeng A’(female parent,three-line sterile line bred by Rice Research Institute of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science)and'Liuhui 168’(male parent,restoring line).By the plot trial of'Guyou168’in Wulin mountainous region,Hunan Province,its biological characteristics were analyzed.The correlation analysis and path analysis between yield and component factors of yield were conducted.The results showed that'Guyou 168’had the characteristics of high yield,blast resistance,susceptibility to sheath blight,medium-susceptibility to false smut as well as strong cold resistance.The analysis of yield structure indicated that the contribution of spike number per hectare to yield amounted to 34.2%,while that of grain number per spike,1000-grain weight and seed-setting rate was 27.3%,18.4%and 17.5%respectively.The contributions of spike number per hectare and grain number per spike to total grain number per hectare came up to 30.6%and 69.2%respectively.The contribution of total grain number per hectare to sink capacity reached 92.9%while that of 1000-grain weight was 6.9%.The contribution of sink capacity to rice yield was79.5%while that of seed-setting rate was 17.5%.The keys to high yield of'Guyou 168’are cultivating large spikes,increasing the total grain numbers per unit area and enlarging sink capacity based on the full spikes,as well as improving the seed-setting rate as the guarantee.
The aims are to breed new blast-resistant hybrid rice varieties and to reveal their structural characteristics of high yield.A new hybrid rice variety"Guyou 168"with high yield and blast resistance was bred by crossing'Gufeng A’(female parent,three-line sterile line bred by Rice Research Institute of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science)and'Liuhui 168’(male parent,restoring line).By the plot trial of'Guyou168’in Wulin mountainous region,Hunan Province,its biological characteristics were analyzed.The correlation analysis and path analysis between yield and component factors of yield were conducted.The results showed that'Guyou 168’had the characteristics of high yield,blast resistance,susceptibility to sheath blight,medium-susceptibility to false smut as well as strong cold resistance.The analysis of yield structure indicated that the contribution of spike number per hectare to yield amounted to 34.2%,while that of grain number per spike,1000-grain weight and seed-setting rate was 27.3%,18.4%and 17.5%respectively.The contributions of spike number per hectare and grain number per spike to total grain number per hectare came up to 30.6%and 69.2%respectively.The contribution of total grain number per hectare to sink capacity reached 92.9%while that of 1000-grain weight was 6.9%.The contribution of sink capacity to rice yield was79.5%while that of seed-setting rate was 17.5%.The keys to high yield of'Guyou 168’are cultivating large spikes,increasing the total grain numbers per unit area and enlarging sink capacity based on the full spikes,as well as improving the seed-setting rate as the guarantee.
引文
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[21]郭生河,饶鸣钿,黄显波,等.抗稻瘟病、抗稻瘿蚊杂交稻“赣优明占”的生物学特性与产量结构分析[J].江西农业学报,2017,29(7):14-17.
[22]陈晓波,饶鸣钿,许旭明,等.抗稻瘟病杂交稻‘广优明118’的生物学特性及产量结构分析[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(33):11-16.
[23]陈晓波,饶鸣钿.超级杂交稻Ⅱ优航1号高产栽培产量结构分析[J].四川农业大学学报,2012,30(2):130-133,189.
[24]廖朝阳.杂交稻‘Ⅱ优1259’的生物学特性与产量结构分析[J].农学学报,2017,7(10):1-5.
[2]华南农学院,河北农业大学.植物病理学[M].北京:农业出版社,1980:75-83.
[3]董继新,董海涛,李德葆.水稻抗瘟性研究进展[J].农业生物技术学报,2000,8(1):99-102
[4]孙国昌,杜新法.水稻稻瘟病防治策略和21世纪研究展望[J].植物病理学报,1998,28(4):289-292.
[5]张锦文,谭亚玲,洪汝科,等.高原粳稻子预44抗稻瘟病基因遗传分析和定位[J].中国水稻科学,2009,23(1):31-35.
[6]陈进周,温庆元,陈德兰.2009年国家南方稻区水稻新品种区试抗稻瘟病鉴定与评价[J].福建农业科技,2010(2):48-50.
[7]郝中娜,罗乃强,张红志,等.浙江省水稻新品种(系)对稻瘟病的抗性研究[J].植物保护,2007,33(1):88-90.
[8]黄利兴,张以华,游年顺,等.抗稻瘟病水稻不育系谷丰A选育与利用[J].杂交水稻,2013,298(5):6-10.
[9]李文绍.水稻不育系谷丰A高产繁殖技术[J].杂交水稻,2006,21(2):27-28.
[10]蔡巨广,李昭明,胡荣华,等.水稻不育系谷丰A的遗传提纯与原种繁殖技术[J].福建稻麦科技,2017,35(3):9-12.
[11]蔡亚港,苏连庆,陈进明,等.优质稻佳辐占的高产结构分析[J].福建稻麦科技,2005,23(1):3-5.
[12]李义珍,黄育民,庄占龙,等.杂交稻高产结构研究[J].福建省农科院学报,1995,10(1):1-6.
[13]杨惠杰,李义珍,黄育民,等.超高产水稻的产量构成和库源结构[J]福建农业学报.1999,14(1):1-5.
[14]谢华安,王乌齐,杨惠杰,等.杂交水稻超高产特性研究[J].福建农业学报,2003,18(4):201-204.
[15]杨惠杰,郑景生,姜照伟,等.再生稻超高产库的结构特征[J].福建农业学报,2005,20(2):65-68.
[16]张上守,卓传营,姜兆伟,等.超高产再生稻产量形成与栽培技术分析[J].福建农业学报,2003,18(1):1-6.
[17]林玉棋,饶鸣钿,张冬松,等.杂交水稻Ⅱ优航1号产量构成因素分析与高产栽培技术研究[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(5):166-169.
[18]南京农业大学.田间试验与统计方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1999:128-155.
[19]刘德金,肖承和.农业试验设计与分析[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2005:505-533.
[20]王钦德,杨坚主编.高级食品试验设计与统计分析(第2版)[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2009:37-53.
[21]郭生河,饶鸣钿,黄显波,等.抗稻瘟病、抗稻瘿蚊杂交稻“赣优明占”的生物学特性与产量结构分析[J].江西农业学报,2017,29(7):14-17.
[22]陈晓波,饶鸣钿,许旭明,等.抗稻瘟病杂交稻‘广优明118’的生物学特性及产量结构分析[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(33):11-16.
[23]陈晓波,饶鸣钿.超级杂交稻Ⅱ优航1号高产栽培产量结构分析[J].四川农业大学学报,2012,30(2):130-133,189.
[24]廖朝阳.杂交稻‘Ⅱ优1259’的生物学特性与产量结构分析[J].农学学报,2017,7(10):1-5.