花前及花期高温对香白杏开花坐果的影响
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摘要
以‘香白杏’(Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.‘Xiangbaixing’)成年树和离体花束状果枝为试材,研究开花前及花期高温对花质量和物候期变化的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,扣棚期间棚内日均温升高3.6℃,日均最高温升高12℃,日均最低温降低0.5℃;开花前及花期高温使物候期加快,花期变短,棚内出现畸形花,高温(25℃)处理的离体果枝出现花蕾干枯、脱落的现象;开花前及花期高温会促使雌蕊长度、子房横径变小,雌蕊重量、完全花比例、花粉发芽率和座果率降低。由此可见,开花前和花期高温可促使香白杏提前开花,花期缩短,雌蕊长度、子房横径变短,完全花比例降低,雌蕊重量减小,花粉发芽率降低,从而导致雌蕊败育,雄蕊质量降低,最终造成座果率下降。
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of high temperature on the quality of flower and phenophases in the pre-blossom and blooming periods by using adult trees and in vitro bouquet branches of Xiangbaixing(Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.).The results indicated that:compared to the control,in the plastic greenhouse,the daily mean temperatures increased by 3.6 ℃,mean maximum temperatures increased by 12 ℃ and mean minimum temperatures reduced by 0.5 ℃;increase in temperature accelerated flower bud development,caused a hastening in flowering time and abnormal flowers emerged.The flower bud of vitro bouquet branches dried-up and shed in the treatment of high temperature(25 ℃);at higher temperatures,pistils showed short styles and unswelled ovaries.In the same time,the weight,the proportion of perfect flower,the rate of pollen germination and fruit set reduced.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of high temperature on the quality of flower and phenophases in the pre-blossom and blooming periods by using adult trees and in vitro bouquet branches of Xiangbaixing(Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.).The results indicated that:compared to the control,in the plastic greenhouse,the daily mean temperatures increased by 3.6 ℃,mean maximum temperatures increased by 12 ℃ and mean minimum temperatures reduced by 0.5 ℃;increase in temperature accelerated flower bud development,caused a hastening in flowering time and abnormal flowers emerged.The flower bud of vitro bouquet branches dried-up and shed in the treatment of high temperature(25 ℃);at higher temperatures,pistils showed short styles and unswelled ovaries.In the same time,the weight,the proportion of perfect flower,the rate of pollen germination and fruit set reduced.
引文
[1]闪崇辉.北京名果[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,2004:168
[2]陈雷.龙泉雾村的香白杏树[J].绿化与生活,2002(6):29
[3]Suzuki N,Wang X Y,Kataoka I,et al.Effects of temperature on flowering and pollen germination in Japanese apricot cv Nanko[J].Journa of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science,1993,62(3):539-542
[4]李疆,罗淑萍,杨序德,等.花期低温对仁用杏花器官危害程度的影响[J].新疆农业大学学报,2001(4):22-24
[5]Rodrigo J,Herrero M.Effects of pre-blossom temperatures on flower development and fruit set in apricot[J].Scientia Horticulture,2002(92):125-135
[6]夏春森,陈加美,周萍,等.杏花雌蕊发育与坐果关系的研究[J].河北果树,1998(4):10-11
[7]孔云,沈红香,姚允聪,等.临近开花前玉巴达杏花芽形态特征变化[J].中国农学通报,2008(6):310-313
[8]吕增仁.杏树栽培与杏加工[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,1990:81-82
[9]欧阳汝欣.温度对设施桃花器官发育的影响[J].北方园艺,2010(20):93-95
[10]沈红香,孔云,姚允聪,等.杏花雌蕊败育的研究进展[J].中国果树,2007(3):57-59
[11]刘华堂,王家盛,刘文剑,等.杏树花期性状研究[J].中国农学通报,2008(5):171-175
[12]Viti R,Monteleone P.High temperature influence on the presence of flower bud anomalies in two apricot varieties characterized by different productivity[J].Acta Horticulture,1995,384:283-289
[13]沈元月,郭家选,刘成连,等.温度对桃花器官发育的影响[J].园艺学报,1999(1):3-8
[14]侯修胜.杏树日光温室栽培中温度调控技术[J].河北果树,2007(2):49
[15]Rodrigo J,Herrero M.Effects of pre-blossom temperatures on flower development and fruit set in apricot[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2002,92:125-135
[16]Nava G A,Dalmago G A,Bergamaschi H,et al.Effect of high temperatures in the pre-blooming and blooming periods on ovule formation,pollen grains and yield of‘Granada’peach[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2009,122:37-44
[17]Alburquerque N,Burgos L,Egea J.Consequences to fertilization of the developmental stages of apricot ovules at anthesis[J].Journal of Horticultural Science&Biotechnology,2000,75:662-666
[18]牛晓芳,袁华招,谭贻,等.不同授粉品种对香白杏坐果的影响[J].北方园艺,2012(5):18-21
[19]Erez A,Yablowitz Z,Korcinski R,et al.Greenhouse-growing of stone fruits:Effect of temperature on competing sinks[J].Acta Horticulture,2000,513:417-425
[2]陈雷.龙泉雾村的香白杏树[J].绿化与生活,2002(6):29
[3]Suzuki N,Wang X Y,Kataoka I,et al.Effects of temperature on flowering and pollen germination in Japanese apricot cv Nanko[J].Journa of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science,1993,62(3):539-542
[4]李疆,罗淑萍,杨序德,等.花期低温对仁用杏花器官危害程度的影响[J].新疆农业大学学报,2001(4):22-24
[5]Rodrigo J,Herrero M.Effects of pre-blossom temperatures on flower development and fruit set in apricot[J].Scientia Horticulture,2002(92):125-135
[6]夏春森,陈加美,周萍,等.杏花雌蕊发育与坐果关系的研究[J].河北果树,1998(4):10-11
[7]孔云,沈红香,姚允聪,等.临近开花前玉巴达杏花芽形态特征变化[J].中国农学通报,2008(6):310-313
[8]吕增仁.杏树栽培与杏加工[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,1990:81-82
[9]欧阳汝欣.温度对设施桃花器官发育的影响[J].北方园艺,2010(20):93-95
[10]沈红香,孔云,姚允聪,等.杏花雌蕊败育的研究进展[J].中国果树,2007(3):57-59
[11]刘华堂,王家盛,刘文剑,等.杏树花期性状研究[J].中国农学通报,2008(5):171-175
[12]Viti R,Monteleone P.High temperature influence on the presence of flower bud anomalies in two apricot varieties characterized by different productivity[J].Acta Horticulture,1995,384:283-289
[13]沈元月,郭家选,刘成连,等.温度对桃花器官发育的影响[J].园艺学报,1999(1):3-8
[14]侯修胜.杏树日光温室栽培中温度调控技术[J].河北果树,2007(2):49
[15]Rodrigo J,Herrero M.Effects of pre-blossom temperatures on flower development and fruit set in apricot[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2002,92:125-135
[16]Nava G A,Dalmago G A,Bergamaschi H,et al.Effect of high temperatures in the pre-blooming and blooming periods on ovule formation,pollen grains and yield of‘Granada’peach[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2009,122:37-44
[17]Alburquerque N,Burgos L,Egea J.Consequences to fertilization of the developmental stages of apricot ovules at anthesis[J].Journal of Horticultural Science&Biotechnology,2000,75:662-666
[18]牛晓芳,袁华招,谭贻,等.不同授粉品种对香白杏坐果的影响[J].北方园艺,2012(5):18-21
[19]Erez A,Yablowitz Z,Korcinski R,et al.Greenhouse-growing of stone fruits:Effect of temperature on competing sinks[J].Acta Horticulture,2000,513:417-425