河南省小麦赤霉病菌对咯菌腈的敏感性
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摘要
为明确河南省小麦赤霉病菌Fusarium graminearum对咯菌腈的敏感性,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了咯菌腈对从该省11个地市分离的95株菌株的毒力,通过方差分析法及聚类分析法对测定结果进行了分析,并研究了咯菌腈与多菌灵、戊唑醇对病菌毒力的相关性。结果显示:咯菌腈对小麦赤霉病菌菌丝生长的最低抑制浓度为0.1μg/mL;咯菌腈对供试95株菌株的EC_(50)范围在0.003～0.088μg/mL之间,平均EC_(50)为0.011μg/mL;敏感性频率分布图显示,病菌群体中存在着对咯菌腈敏感性较低的亚群体,但67.4%供试菌株敏感性频率呈正态分布,将此部分菌株的EC_(50)平均值0.007μg/mL作为小麦赤霉病菌对咯菌腈的敏感性基线。方差分析及聚类结果均显示,同一县市内的菌株对咯菌腈EC_(50)的最大值和最小值之比为1.1～8.3;除周口市沈丘县的菌株外,其余县市的菌株对咯菌腈敏感性差异不明显,咯菌腈EC_(50)平均值变化范围在0.005～0.028 g/mL之间,最大值是最小值的5.6倍;小麦赤霉病菌对咯菌腈的敏感性与其对多菌灵、戊唑醇的敏感性之间无明显相关性。表明河南省小麦赤霉病菌群体中尽管存在着敏感性较低的亚群体,但可通过药剂复配进行防控。
In order to detect the sensitivity of Fusarium graminearum from Henan Province to fludioxonil, 95 isolates of F. graminearum were collected from 11 counties in 2016, and their sensitivities to fludioxonil were determined by measuring the mycelial growth on the fungicide-amended media, then the methods of least-significant difference(LSD) and SPSS cluster were used. The sensitivities to carbendazim and tebuconazole were also determined to analyze the correlation efficient existed between fludioxonil and the two fungicides, carbendazim and tebuconazole. The results showed that the minimum inhibition concentration, which referred to the concentration that could inhibit the mycelial growth totally, was 0.1 μg/mL. The EC_(50) values of all isolates ranged from 0.003 to 0.088 μg/mL and the average EC_(50) value was 0.011 μg/mL. The results of the sensitive frequency analysis revealed that there was low sensitive subcolony to fludioxonil in the tested isolates. The mean EC_(50) value of 0.007 μg/mL for 67.4% of all isolates showed a normal distribution, which was treated as the sensitive baseline of F. graminearum to fludioxonil. The results both variance analysis by LSD test and hierarchical cluster analysis by SPSS showed that the isolates separated from the same region demonstrated different sensitivities, which implied that the ratio of maximum and minimum of EC_(50) values of isolates from the same region ranged from 1.1 to 8.3. However, there was no significant difference on the sensitivity to fludioxonil among the isolates from most of the regions except those from Shenqiu County, Zhoukou City,which implied that the average EC_(50) value of the isolates from all the regions ranged from 0.005 to 0.028 μg/mL and the ratio of maximum and minimum of average EC_(50) values was 5.6. The correlation efficient existed between fludioxonil and carbendazim, tebuconazole was very low, which implied that there was no correlation of sensitivity of F. graminearum to the arbendazim or tebuconazole. Though there existed low sensitive subcolony to fludioxonil in the field, fludioxonil could still be used to control Fusarium head blight in combination with carbendazim or tebuconazole.
In order to detect the sensitivity of Fusarium graminearum from Henan Province to fludioxonil, 95 isolates of F. graminearum were collected from 11 counties in 2016, and their sensitivities to fludioxonil were determined by measuring the mycelial growth on the fungicide-amended media, then the methods of least-significant difference(LSD) and SPSS cluster were used. The sensitivities to carbendazim and tebuconazole were also determined to analyze the correlation efficient existed between fludioxonil and the two fungicides, carbendazim and tebuconazole. The results showed that the minimum inhibition concentration, which referred to the concentration that could inhibit the mycelial growth totally, was 0.1 μg/mL. The EC_(50) values of all isolates ranged from 0.003 to 0.088 μg/mL and the average EC_(50) value was 0.011 μg/mL. The results of the sensitive frequency analysis revealed that there was low sensitive subcolony to fludioxonil in the tested isolates. The mean EC_(50) value of 0.007 μg/mL for 67.4% of all isolates showed a normal distribution, which was treated as the sensitive baseline of F. graminearum to fludioxonil. The results both variance analysis by LSD test and hierarchical cluster analysis by SPSS showed that the isolates separated from the same region demonstrated different sensitivities, which implied that the ratio of maximum and minimum of EC_(50) values of isolates from the same region ranged from 1.1 to 8.3. However, there was no significant difference on the sensitivity to fludioxonil among the isolates from most of the regions except those from Shenqiu County, Zhoukou City,which implied that the average EC_(50) value of the isolates from all the regions ranged from 0.005 to 0.028 μg/mL and the ratio of maximum and minimum of average EC_(50) values was 5.6. The correlation efficient existed between fludioxonil and carbendazim, tebuconazole was very low, which implied that there was no correlation of sensitivity of F. graminearum to the arbendazim or tebuconazole. Though there existed low sensitive subcolony to fludioxonil in the field, fludioxonil could still be used to control Fusarium head blight in combination with carbendazim or tebuconazole.
引文
Chen HG,Cai ZX,Chen F,Zhang KM,Lu WZ.2007.The types of resistance to Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol content in the heads of different wheat germplasms.Journal of Plant Protection,34(1):32-36(in Chinese)[陈怀谷,蔡志祥,陈飞,张凯明,陆维忠.2007.不同小麦品种抗赤霉病性类型和抗毒素积累能力分析.植物保护学报,34(1):32-36]
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Duan YB,Ge CY,Liu SM,Chen CJ,Zhou MG.2013.Effect of phenylpyrrole fungicide fludioxonil on morphological and physiological characteristics of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology,106(1/2):61-67
Fan ZY,Meng RJ,Han XY,Ma ZQ,Wang WQ,Liu YC.2012a.Sensitivity baseline of Alternaria alternate,causal agent of potato early blight,to fludioxonil and cross-resistance to different fungicides.Journal of Plant Protection,39(2):153-158(in Chinese)[范子耀,孟润杰,韩秀英,马志强,王文桥,刘颖超.2012a.马铃薯早疫病菌对咯菌腈的敏感基线及其对不同药剂的交互抗性.植物保护学报,39(2):153-158]
Fan ZY,Meng RJ,Ma ZQ,Han XY,Zhang XF,Wang WQ,Liu YC.2012b.Joint toxicity of the mixtures of fludioxonil with coumoxystrobin,pyraclostrobin or difenoconazole against Alternaria solani.Plant Protection,38(5):184-188(in Chinese)[范子耀,孟润杰,马志强,韩秀英,张小风,王文桥,刘颖超.2012b.咯菌腈与苯醚甲环唑等三种药剂复配对马铃薯早疫病菌(Alternaria solani)的联合毒力.植物保护,38(5):184-188]
Jia J,Su QF,Meng LM,Zhang W,Li H,Liu WL,Jin QM.2016.Ultraviolet induction and characteristics of Fusarium graminearum resistant to fludioxonil.Plant Protection,42(4):43-47(in Chinese)[贾娇,苏前富,孟玲敏,张伟,李红,刘婉丽,晋齐鸣.2016.抗咯菌腈禾谷镰刀菌的紫外诱导及其生物学特性.植物保护,42(4):43-47]
Li HK,Chen CJ,Wang JX,Zhou MG.2006.Study on baseline-sensitivity of Fusarium graminearum to JS399-19 and assessment of the risk of resistance in vitro.Acta Phytopathologica Sinica,36(3):273-278(in Chinese)[李恒奎,陈长军,王建新,周明国.2006.禾谷镰孢菌对氰烯菌酯的敏感性基线及室内抗药性风险初步评估.植物病理学报,36(3):273-278]
Shao JN,Xu DT,Li H,Mu W,Liu F.2016.Toxicity and modes of action of fluazinam and other fungicides against wheat Fusarium graminearum at different life stages.Journal of Plant Protection,43(2):314-320(in Chinese)[邵莒南,徐大同,李慧,慕卫,刘峰.2016.氟啶胺等杀菌剂对不同发育阶段小麦赤霉病菌的毒力及其作用方式.植物保护学报,43(2):314-320]
Sun BJ,Lei XT,Yuan HX,Xing XP,Li HL.2007.Screening of the fungicides for the chemical control of wheat sharp eyespot.Journal of Triticeae Crops,27(5):914-918(in Chinese)[孙炳剑,雷小天,袁虹霞,邢小萍,李洪连.2007.小麦纹枯病化学防治药剂的筛选.麦类作物学报,27(5):914-918]
Wang JX,Zhou MG.2002.Methods for monitoring resistance of Gibberella zeae to carbendazim.Journal of Plant Protection,29(1):73-77(in Chinese)[王建新,周明国.2002.小麦赤霉病菌对多菌灵抗药性监测技术研究.植物保护学报,29(1):73-77]
Wu XH,Li FW,Zhang WH,Liu PF,Zheng L,Liu XL.2004.Effects of fludioxonil on growth of watermelon seedlings and activity of disease resistance-related enzymes.Acta Phytopathologica Sinica,34(6):531-535(in Chinese)[吴学宏,李飞武,张文华,刘鹏飞,郑乐,刘西莉.2004.咯菌腈对西瓜幼苗生长及抗病性相关酶活性的影响.植物病理学报,34(6):531-535]
Xu JQ,Duan XX,Zhao YT,Fan QQ,Liu QT,Li JT.2017a.Sensitivity of Rhizoctonia cerealis and Gaeumannomyces graminsis isolates from Henan Province to propiconazol.Acta Phytopathologica Sinica,47(2):278-281(in Chinese)[徐建强,段晓欣,赵一通,范倩倩,刘庆涛,李佳婷.2017a.河南省小麦纹枯病菌及小麦全蚀病菌对丙环唑的敏感性.植物病理学报,47(2):278-281]
Xu JQ,Ping ZL,Dang W,Li H,He DM,Zhu YG.2017b.Sensitivity of Rhizoctonia cerealis to jinggangmycin and tolclofos-methyl in Henan Province in China.Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,19(1):25-31(in Chinese)[徐建强,平忠良,党威,李恒,何冬梅,朱艳阁.2017b.中国河南省小麦纹枯病菌对井冈霉素及甲基立枯磷的敏感性.农药学学报,19(1):25-31]
Ye T,Ma ZQ,Wang WQ,Han XY,Zhang XF.2011.Resistance induction of Fusarium graminearum to tebuconazole and bionomics of resistant-mutants.Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,13(3):261-266(in Chinese)[叶滔,马志强,王文桥,韩秀英,张小风.2011.禾谷镰孢菌对戊唑醇抗药性的诱导及抗性菌株特性研究.农药学学报,13(3):261-266]
Zhang HB,Liu JW,Liu BJ,Liu B,Liang YC.2013.Composition and pathogenicity differentiation of pathogenic species isolated from Fusarium head blight in Shandong Province.Journal of Plant Protection,40(1):27-32(in Chinese)[张洪滨,柳金伟,刘秉江,刘冰,梁元存.2013.山东省小麦赤霉病菌种群组成及其致病力分化.植物保护学报,40(1):27-32]
Zhang L,Chang ZJ,Li X,Zhang HY,Ren ZL,Luo PG.2011.Screen and identification of wheat new resistant germplasms to Fusarium head blight.Journal of Plant Protection,38(6):569-570(in Chinese)[张丽,畅志坚,李雪,张怀渝,任正隆,罗培高.2011.小麦赤霉病抗性新种质的筛选与鉴定.植物保护学报,38(6):569-570]
Cheng SH,Zhang Y,Bie TD,Gao DR,Zhang BQ.2012.Damage of wheat Fusarium head blight(FHB)epidemics and genetic improvement of wheat for scab resistance in China.Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences,28(5):938-942(in Chinese)[程顺和,张勇,别同德,高德荣,张伯桥.2012.中国小麦赤霉病的危害及抗性遗传改良.江苏农业学报,28(5):938-942]
Duan YB,Ge CY,Liu SM,Chen CJ,Zhou MG.2013.Effect of phenylpyrrole fungicide fludioxonil on morphological and physiological characteristics of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology,106(1/2):61-67
Fan ZY,Meng RJ,Han XY,Ma ZQ,Wang WQ,Liu YC.2012a.Sensitivity baseline of Alternaria alternate,causal agent of potato early blight,to fludioxonil and cross-resistance to different fungicides.Journal of Plant Protection,39(2):153-158(in Chinese)[范子耀,孟润杰,韩秀英,马志强,王文桥,刘颖超.2012a.马铃薯早疫病菌对咯菌腈的敏感基线及其对不同药剂的交互抗性.植物保护学报,39(2):153-158]
Fan ZY,Meng RJ,Ma ZQ,Han XY,Zhang XF,Wang WQ,Liu YC.2012b.Joint toxicity of the mixtures of fludioxonil with coumoxystrobin,pyraclostrobin or difenoconazole against Alternaria solani.Plant Protection,38(5):184-188(in Chinese)[范子耀,孟润杰,马志强,韩秀英,张小风,王文桥,刘颖超.2012b.咯菌腈与苯醚甲环唑等三种药剂复配对马铃薯早疫病菌(Alternaria solani)的联合毒力.植物保护,38(5):184-188]
Jia J,Su QF,Meng LM,Zhang W,Li H,Liu WL,Jin QM.2016.Ultraviolet induction and characteristics of Fusarium graminearum resistant to fludioxonil.Plant Protection,42(4):43-47(in Chinese)[贾娇,苏前富,孟玲敏,张伟,李红,刘婉丽,晋齐鸣.2016.抗咯菌腈禾谷镰刀菌的紫外诱导及其生物学特性.植物保护,42(4):43-47]
Li HK,Chen CJ,Wang JX,Zhou MG.2006.Study on baseline-sensitivity of Fusarium graminearum to JS399-19 and assessment of the risk of resistance in vitro.Acta Phytopathologica Sinica,36(3):273-278(in Chinese)[李恒奎,陈长军,王建新,周明国.2006.禾谷镰孢菌对氰烯菌酯的敏感性基线及室内抗药性风险初步评估.植物病理学报,36(3):273-278]
Shao JN,Xu DT,Li H,Mu W,Liu F.2016.Toxicity and modes of action of fluazinam and other fungicides against wheat Fusarium graminearum at different life stages.Journal of Plant Protection,43(2):314-320(in Chinese)[邵莒南,徐大同,李慧,慕卫,刘峰.2016.氟啶胺等杀菌剂对不同发育阶段小麦赤霉病菌的毒力及其作用方式.植物保护学报,43(2):314-320]
Sun BJ,Lei XT,Yuan HX,Xing XP,Li HL.2007.Screening of the fungicides for the chemical control of wheat sharp eyespot.Journal of Triticeae Crops,27(5):914-918(in Chinese)[孙炳剑,雷小天,袁虹霞,邢小萍,李洪连.2007.小麦纹枯病化学防治药剂的筛选.麦类作物学报,27(5):914-918]
Wang JX,Zhou MG.2002.Methods for monitoring resistance of Gibberella zeae to carbendazim.Journal of Plant Protection,29(1):73-77(in Chinese)[王建新,周明国.2002.小麦赤霉病菌对多菌灵抗药性监测技术研究.植物保护学报,29(1):73-77]
Wu XH,Li FW,Zhang WH,Liu PF,Zheng L,Liu XL.2004.Effects of fludioxonil on growth of watermelon seedlings and activity of disease resistance-related enzymes.Acta Phytopathologica Sinica,34(6):531-535(in Chinese)[吴学宏,李飞武,张文华,刘鹏飞,郑乐,刘西莉.2004.咯菌腈对西瓜幼苗生长及抗病性相关酶活性的影响.植物病理学报,34(6):531-535]
Xu JQ,Duan XX,Zhao YT,Fan QQ,Liu QT,Li JT.2017a.Sensitivity of Rhizoctonia cerealis and Gaeumannomyces graminsis isolates from Henan Province to propiconazol.Acta Phytopathologica Sinica,47(2):278-281(in Chinese)[徐建强,段晓欣,赵一通,范倩倩,刘庆涛,李佳婷.2017a.河南省小麦纹枯病菌及小麦全蚀病菌对丙环唑的敏感性.植物病理学报,47(2):278-281]
Xu JQ,Ping ZL,Dang W,Li H,He DM,Zhu YG.2017b.Sensitivity of Rhizoctonia cerealis to jinggangmycin and tolclofos-methyl in Henan Province in China.Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,19(1):25-31(in Chinese)[徐建强,平忠良,党威,李恒,何冬梅,朱艳阁.2017b.中国河南省小麦纹枯病菌对井冈霉素及甲基立枯磷的敏感性.农药学学报,19(1):25-31]
Ye T,Ma ZQ,Wang WQ,Han XY,Zhang XF.2011.Resistance induction of Fusarium graminearum to tebuconazole and bionomics of resistant-mutants.Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,13(3):261-266(in Chinese)[叶滔,马志强,王文桥,韩秀英,张小风.2011.禾谷镰孢菌对戊唑醇抗药性的诱导及抗性菌株特性研究.农药学学报,13(3):261-266]
Zhang HB,Liu JW,Liu BJ,Liu B,Liang YC.2013.Composition and pathogenicity differentiation of pathogenic species isolated from Fusarium head blight in Shandong Province.Journal of Plant Protection,40(1):27-32(in Chinese)[张洪滨,柳金伟,刘秉江,刘冰,梁元存.2013.山东省小麦赤霉病菌种群组成及其致病力分化.植物保护学报,40(1):27-32]
Zhang L,Chang ZJ,Li X,Zhang HY,Ren ZL,Luo PG.2011.Screen and identification of wheat new resistant germplasms to Fusarium head blight.Journal of Plant Protection,38(6):569-570(in Chinese)[张丽,畅志坚,李雪,张怀渝,任正隆,罗培高.2011.小麦赤霉病抗性新种质的筛选与鉴定.植物保护学报,38(6):569-570]