一种背负式电动果枝修剪机的设计与试验
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摘要
设计一种背负式电动修剪机,对锯切过程进行动力学和运动学分析,建立基于功率和扭矩的函数模型。以修剪功率、扭矩和切口质量为指标,利用理论分析选出主要影响因素,进行混合正交试验,采用极差分析和方差分析,对最优组合参数进行预测。通过锯盘台架试验,得出修剪机工作时的最佳组合参数为,锯盘齿数为40、直径为180 mm、转速为2 000 r/min。利用优化后试制的修剪机对直径为30 mm的柑橘树枝进行验证性试验,结果表明,平均切口质量降低2.8%、扭矩降低0.3%、功率上升2.6%,变化均较小,验证了台架试验的合理性和有效性,此参数组合能有效降低修剪功率,满足修剪要求。
A knapsack electric trimmer was designed to perform dynamic and kinematic analysis of the sawing process and to build a functional model based on power and torque. Taking the trimming power,torque and cutting quality as indicators,the main influencing factors were selected by theoretical analysis,and the mixed orthogonal test was carried out. The optimal combination parameters were predicted by range analysis and variance analysis. The results showed that the optimal number of cutter teeth,the diameter,and the speed was 40,180 mm,and 2 000 r/min,respectively. The test results of verification test of citrus branches with a diameter of 30 mm using an optimized pruning machine showed that the average incision quality and the torque was reduced by 2.8% and 0.3%,the power was increased by 2.6%,and the variation was small. The rationality and effectiveness of the bench test was verified. This combination of parameters can effectively reduce the trimming power and meet the trimming requirements.
A knapsack electric trimmer was designed to perform dynamic and kinematic analysis of the sawing process and to build a functional model based on power and torque. Taking the trimming power,torque and cutting quality as indicators,the main influencing factors were selected by theoretical analysis,and the mixed orthogonal test was carried out. The optimal combination parameters were predicted by range analysis and variance analysis. The results showed that the optimal number of cutter teeth,the diameter,and the speed was 40,180 mm,and 2 000 r/min,respectively. The test results of verification test of citrus branches with a diameter of 30 mm using an optimized pruning machine showed that the average incision quality and the torque was reduced by 2.8% and 0.3%,the power was increased by 2.6%,and the variation was small. The rationality and effectiveness of the bench test was verified. This combination of parameters can effectively reduce the trimming power and meet the trimming requirements.
引文
[1] 汪晓银.中国柑橘市场预警研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2013.
[2] 邓秀新.国内外柑橘产业发展趋势与柑橘优势区域规划[J].广西园艺,2004(4):6-10.
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[7] 吕萌萌,陆声链,郭新宇.果树虚拟修剪研究进展[J].系统仿真学报,2015,27(3):448-460.
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[9] 杨洲,郭晓伶,汪刘一,等.果园电动修剪机具与技术研究进展[J].果树学报,2015,32(4):712-719.
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[12] 龙魁,刘进宝,张静,等.葡萄修剪机械的发展现状和趋势[J].农机化研究,2014,36(3):246-248.
[13] 王慰祖,陆华忠,杨洲,等.荔枝龙眼园机械化现状调查分析[J].农机化研究,2012,34(3):237-241.
[14] 郑天威.基于ASCET的汽油机涡轮增压控制策略研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2014.
[15] 王建昕.汽车节能与排放控制技术进步及其对润滑油的要求[J].润滑油,2007(1):1-5.
[16] 姚春玲.汽油机进气混合O2/CO2的燃烧机理与性能研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2011.
[17] CALATRAVA J,FRANCO J A.Using pruning residues as mulch:analysis of its adoption and process of diffusion in Southern Spain olive orchards[J].Journal of environmental management,2011,92(3):620-629.
[18] 肖正福,刘淑琴,胡宜萱.木材切削刀具学[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,1993.
[19] 邹运梅.背负式可调高枝修剪机修剪稳定性分析与参数优化[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2006.
[20] 蒋连琼.基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA的圆锯片锯切过程仿真研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2013.
[21] 李善军,刘辉,张衍林,等.单轨道山地果园运输机齿条齿形优选[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(6):52-57.
[22] 邓振伟,于萍,陈玲.SPSS软件在正交试验设计、结果分析中的应用[J].电脑学习,2009(5):15-17.
[23] 邬备,王德成,王光辉,等.小型自走式割草机仿形装置仿真分析与试验[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(7):123-129;108.
[24] 郑攀,张衍林.气吸式藜蒿去叶机设计与试验[J].华中农业大学学报,2018,37(2):110-116.
[25] 徐伟诚,陈凯,张铭,等.基于太阳能的植保无人机续航提升方案[J].中国农业科技导报,2018,20(11):62-68.
[2] 邓秀新.国内外柑橘产业发展趋势与柑橘优势区域规划[J].广西园艺,2004(4):6-10.
[3] 唐晓华.基于“钻石模型”的重庆柑橘产业发展研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2008.
[4] 杨欢,尹欣幸,宁东媛,等.南丰蜜橘夏季省力化修剪对秋梢形成、成花和坐果的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2018,37(3):19-24.
[5] VIVALDI G A,STRIPPOLI G,PASCUZZI S,et al.Olive genotypes cultivated in an adult high-density orchard respond differently to canopy restraining by mechanical and manual pruning[J].Scientia horticulturae,2015,192:391-399.
[6] 聂真义.黄土丘陵区枣树修剪对其蒸腾及林地水分的影响研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017.
[7] 吕萌萌,陆声链,郭新宇.果树虚拟修剪研究进展[J].系统仿真学报,2015,27(3):448-460.
[8] 洪添胜,杨洲,宋淑然,等.柑橘生产机械化研究[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(12):105-110.
[9] 杨洲,郭晓伶,汪刘一,等.果园电动修剪机具与技术研究进展[J].果树学报,2015,32(4):712-719.
[10] 付威,刘玉冬,坎杂,等.果园修剪机械的发展现状与趋势[J].农机化研究,2017,39(10):7-11.
[11] 罗平,王桂兰,李英娇.我国现代农业机械的发展方向[J].湖南农机,2010,37(9):3-4.
[12] 龙魁,刘进宝,张静,等.葡萄修剪机械的发展现状和趋势[J].农机化研究,2014,36(3):246-248.
[13] 王慰祖,陆华忠,杨洲,等.荔枝龙眼园机械化现状调查分析[J].农机化研究,2012,34(3):237-241.
[14] 郑天威.基于ASCET的汽油机涡轮增压控制策略研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2014.
[15] 王建昕.汽车节能与排放控制技术进步及其对润滑油的要求[J].润滑油,2007(1):1-5.
[16] 姚春玲.汽油机进气混合O2/CO2的燃烧机理与性能研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2011.
[17] CALATRAVA J,FRANCO J A.Using pruning residues as mulch:analysis of its adoption and process of diffusion in Southern Spain olive orchards[J].Journal of environmental management,2011,92(3):620-629.
[18] 肖正福,刘淑琴,胡宜萱.木材切削刀具学[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,1993.
[19] 邹运梅.背负式可调高枝修剪机修剪稳定性分析与参数优化[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2006.
[20] 蒋连琼.基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA的圆锯片锯切过程仿真研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2013.
[21] 李善军,刘辉,张衍林,等.单轨道山地果园运输机齿条齿形优选[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(6):52-57.
[22] 邓振伟,于萍,陈玲.SPSS软件在正交试验设计、结果分析中的应用[J].电脑学习,2009(5):15-17.
[23] 邬备,王德成,王光辉,等.小型自走式割草机仿形装置仿真分析与试验[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(7):123-129;108.
[24] 郑攀,张衍林.气吸式藜蒿去叶机设计与试验[J].华中农业大学学报,2018,37(2):110-116.
[25] 徐伟诚,陈凯,张铭,等.基于太阳能的植保无人机续航提升方案[J].中国农业科技导报,2018,20(11):62-68.