奶牛躺卧区域的设计和牛舍环境控制
摘要
本文主要介绍了散栏饲养奶牛舍中卧床地面设计的气温条件要求,指出奶牛在更加舒适的环境下才能产更多奶,才能长寿。
引文
[1]Anderson NG.Observations on dairy cow comfort:diagonal lunging,resting,standing and perching in free stalls[J].Fifth International Dairy Housing Conference,Fort Worth,Texas,USA,2003,26-35.
[2]Vokey FJ,Guard CL,Erb HN,et al.Effects of Alley and stall surfaces on indices of claw and leg health in dairy cattle housed in a free-stall barn[J].J Dairy Sci,2001,84:2686-2699.
[3]Vokey FJ,Guard CL,Erb HN,et al.Observations on flooring and stall surfaces for dairy cattle housed in a free-stall barn[J].Fifth Int Dairy Housing Conference,Fort Worth,Texas,USA,2003;165-170.
[4]Chapinal N,Barrientos AK,von Keyserlingk MA,et al.Herdlevel risk factors for lameness in freestall farms in the northeastern United States and California[J].J Dairy Sci,2013,96:318-328.
[5]Hayasaka K,Masubuchi T,Kamo M,et al.Effects of localized air flowing system in free stalls on behavior of lactating cows in a hot environment[J].Bulletin of the national institute of livestock and grassland science,2002,1:49-54.
[6]Gomilla LF,Roussel JD,Beatty JF.Effect of zone cooling on milk yield,thyroid activity and stress indicators[J].J Dairy Sci,1977,60:129-132.
[7]Fulwider WK,Palmer RW.Use of impact testing to predict softness,cow preference,and hardening over time of stall bases[J].J Dairy Sci,2004,87:3080-3088.
[8]Hahn GL,Nygaard A,Simensen E.Towards establishing rational criteria for selecting and designing livestock environment[J].American Society of Agricultural Engineers,st Joseph,Michigan,1983,4517.
[9]Young BA.Cold stress as it affects animal production[J].J Anim Sci,1981,52:154-163.
[10]Meyer MJ,Smith JF,Harner JP,et al.Performance of lactating dairy cattle in three different cooling systems[J].Appl Engin Agricult,2002,18:341-345.
[11]Spiers DE,Spain JN,Leonard MJ,et al.Effect of cooling strategy and night temperature on dairy cow performance during heat stress[J].6th International Symposium on Livestock Environment,Louisville,Kentucky,USA,2001,45-55.
[12]Tucker HA.Photoperiodic regulation of growth.Scientific conference on growth promotion in meat production[J].Brussels,Belgium,1996,197-212.
[13]Kavolelis B.The methodics of calculation parameters of the ventilation system uninsulated animal house[J].Zemes-UkioInzinerija,-Mokslo-Darbai,2002,34:53-68.
[14]Dragovich D.Effect of High Temperature-Humidity Conditions on Milk Production of Dairy Herd grazed on Farms in a pastureBased Feed System[J].Int JBiometeor,1978,23:15-20.
[15]Schrama JW,Parmentier HK,Noordhuizen JPTM.Genotype x environment interactions as related to animal health impairment(with special emphasis on metabolic and immunological factors)[J].In:Heidt PJ,Rusch V,van der Waaij D(eds),Old Herborn university monograph,1997,69-89.
[2]Vokey FJ,Guard CL,Erb HN,et al.Effects of Alley and stall surfaces on indices of claw and leg health in dairy cattle housed in a free-stall barn[J].J Dairy Sci,2001,84:2686-2699.
[3]Vokey FJ,Guard CL,Erb HN,et al.Observations on flooring and stall surfaces for dairy cattle housed in a free-stall barn[J].Fifth Int Dairy Housing Conference,Fort Worth,Texas,USA,2003;165-170.
[4]Chapinal N,Barrientos AK,von Keyserlingk MA,et al.Herdlevel risk factors for lameness in freestall farms in the northeastern United States and California[J].J Dairy Sci,2013,96:318-328.
[5]Hayasaka K,Masubuchi T,Kamo M,et al.Effects of localized air flowing system in free stalls on behavior of lactating cows in a hot environment[J].Bulletin of the national institute of livestock and grassland science,2002,1:49-54.
[6]Gomilla LF,Roussel JD,Beatty JF.Effect of zone cooling on milk yield,thyroid activity and stress indicators[J].J Dairy Sci,1977,60:129-132.
[7]Fulwider WK,Palmer RW.Use of impact testing to predict softness,cow preference,and hardening over time of stall bases[J].J Dairy Sci,2004,87:3080-3088.
[8]Hahn GL,Nygaard A,Simensen E.Towards establishing rational criteria for selecting and designing livestock environment[J].American Society of Agricultural Engineers,st Joseph,Michigan,1983,4517.
[9]Young BA.Cold stress as it affects animal production[J].J Anim Sci,1981,52:154-163.
[10]Meyer MJ,Smith JF,Harner JP,et al.Performance of lactating dairy cattle in three different cooling systems[J].Appl Engin Agricult,2002,18:341-345.
[11]Spiers DE,Spain JN,Leonard MJ,et al.Effect of cooling strategy and night temperature on dairy cow performance during heat stress[J].6th International Symposium on Livestock Environment,Louisville,Kentucky,USA,2001,45-55.
[12]Tucker HA.Photoperiodic regulation of growth.Scientific conference on growth promotion in meat production[J].Brussels,Belgium,1996,197-212.
[13]Kavolelis B.The methodics of calculation parameters of the ventilation system uninsulated animal house[J].Zemes-UkioInzinerija,-Mokslo-Darbai,2002,34:53-68.
[14]Dragovich D.Effect of High Temperature-Humidity Conditions on Milk Production of Dairy Herd grazed on Farms in a pastureBased Feed System[J].Int JBiometeor,1978,23:15-20.
[15]Schrama JW,Parmentier HK,Noordhuizen JPTM.Genotype x environment interactions as related to animal health impairment(with special emphasis on metabolic and immunological factors)[J].In:Heidt PJ,Rusch V,van der Waaij D(eds),Old Herborn university monograph,1997,69-89.