马兰头及其产地环境主要污染物现状评价
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摘要
通过对浙江省马兰头及其土壤中5种重金属和12种农药分析与污染评价,为马兰头及其产地环境的质量安全评价提供科学依据。对浙江省马兰头样品中铅、镉、铬元素含量采用湿法消解,砷、汞元素含量采用微波消解,12种农药分别采用气相色谱仪和液相色谱仪进行测定,并与相关标准进行比对和评价。结果表明,马兰头及其产地中拟除虫菊酯均有不同程度地检出且存在超标现象。从综合污染指数来看,浙江省马兰头受污染较轻,品质基本安全;研究区域内马兰头中Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Hg这5种重金属平均含量为0.18、0.073、1.1、0.046、0.004 mg/kg,其平均含量分别达到了标准限量的180%、146%、220%、23%、40%;研究区域内产地环境中5种重金属含量大致顺序为Cr>Pb>As>Hg>Cd,变异系数(C.V)值在26.3%~273%之间,表现出极大的非均匀性,表明不同种类重金属元素之间存在很大差异。综合污染指数,除1个采摘点已达到重污染水平,其他3个采样点均未受到污染,处于清洁水平。
In order to provide scientific basis for the quality and safety assessment in Indian Kalimeris Herb and soils,the pollution levels of 5 heavy metals and 12 pesticides have been investigated. The content of Pb,Cr and Cd was determined by using wet digestion.The content of As and Hg was determined by using microwave digestion and the content of pesticide was determined by using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography. And the content were compared and evaluated with the relevant standards.The results showed that synthetic pyrethroids pesticides were detectable and some has exceeded the tolerance of national standards.From the integrated pollution index,Indian Kalimeris Herb were not polluted by pesticides.The average concentration of Pb,Cd,Cr,As,Hg was 0. 18,0. 073,1. 1,0. 046,0. 004 mg/kg,respectively. The ratio of concentration and criterion of five elements in edible wild potherb was Pb( 180%),Cd( 146%),Cr( 220%),As( 23%),Hg( 40%) respectively. The order of the average concentration of Pb,Cd,Cr,As,Hg in soil was Cr>Pb>As>Hg> Cd,the range of variation coefficient was from 26. 3% to273%.The results showed great heterogeneity,which indicates that there is a big difference between different kinds of heavy metal elements.The comprehensive pollution indexes of the soil heavy metals were all smaller than 1 except for one soil picking point( 3. 89).
In order to provide scientific basis for the quality and safety assessment in Indian Kalimeris Herb and soils,the pollution levels of 5 heavy metals and 12 pesticides have been investigated. The content of Pb,Cr and Cd was determined by using wet digestion.The content of As and Hg was determined by using microwave digestion and the content of pesticide was determined by using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography. And the content were compared and evaluated with the relevant standards.The results showed that synthetic pyrethroids pesticides were detectable and some has exceeded the tolerance of national standards.From the integrated pollution index,Indian Kalimeris Herb were not polluted by pesticides.The average concentration of Pb,Cd,Cr,As,Hg was 0. 18,0. 073,1. 1,0. 046,0. 004 mg/kg,respectively. The ratio of concentration and criterion of five elements in edible wild potherb was Pb( 180%),Cd( 146%),Cr( 220%),As( 23%),Hg( 40%) respectively. The order of the average concentration of Pb,Cd,Cr,As,Hg in soil was Cr>Pb>As>Hg> Cd,the range of variation coefficient was from 26. 3% to273%.The results showed great heterogeneity,which indicates that there is a big difference between different kinds of heavy metal elements.The comprehensive pollution indexes of the soil heavy metals were all smaller than 1 except for one soil picking point( 3. 89).
引文
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[11]陈彦,吕新.基于GIS和地统计学的土壤养分空间变异特征研究:以新疆农七师125团为例[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(7):389-391.
[2]周云,李莲芳.云南野菜资源的开发与利用[J].资源开发与市场,1999,15(1):30-31.
[3]尚素微,吴翠蓉.浙江省3种野菜重金属含量的测定[J].江苏农业科学,2014,42(4):266-267.
[4]王征帆,孙晓霞.陕西关中地区常见野菜中铁含量测定[J].应用化工,2015,44(2):2 327-2 328.
[5]李海华,刘建武,李树人,等.土壤-植物系统中重金属污染及作物富集研究进展[J].河南农业大学学报,2000,34(1):30-34.
[6]MNATA D S,ANGELONE M,BELLNACA A,et al.Heavy metals in urban soils:a case study from the city of Palermo(Sicily),Italy[J].Sci.Total Environ.,2002,300(1/2/3):229-243.
[7]ZAGURY G J,SAMSON R,DESCHENES L.Occurrence of metals in soil and ground water near chromatde copper arsenate-treated utility poles[J].J.Environ.Qual.,2003,32(2):507-514.
[8]张琰,葛蕾.太原森林公园7种野菜中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐及维生素含量分析[J].农产品加工,2015,394(10):38-39.
[9]赵勇,李红娟,孙治强.郑州农区土壤重金属污染与蔬菜质量相关性探析[J].中国生态农业学报,2006,14(4):126-130.
[10]尚素微,吕爱华,祝新明,等.浙江省杨梅果实重金属含量水平及其质量安全评价[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(21):71-74.
[11]陈彦,吕新.基于GIS和地统计学的土壤养分空间变异特征研究:以新疆农七师125团为例[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(7):389-391.