半夏块茎提取液对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响
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摘要
半夏(Pinetlia ternata (Thunb.) Brier.)是大量使用的中药材,连作障碍严重。在供试土壤中,通过试验加入不同浓度的半夏块茎提取液(Pinellia ternata tuber extracts,PTE),研究它们对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响。结果表明,在加入PTE的土壤中,细菌和放线菌数量比对照组降低约67. 56%和82. 00%,但真菌变化并不显著;另外,PTE还显著降低土壤微生物群落的多样性、均匀度和优势度指数,说明加入PTE恶化了土壤生态环境,使微生物数量减少,种群密度降低。由于土壤微生物是土壤酶的主要来源,土壤酶活性与土壤微生物种群结构和数量密切相关。PTE对土壤酶活性的影响表现出多样性,提高蔗糖酶活性,降低脲酶和磷酸酶活性。相关分析表明,土壤脲酶活性与细菌、放线菌的数量呈显著正相关(r=0. 977*、r=0. 969*,n=4);土壤磷酸酶活性与放线菌数量呈显著正相关(r=0. 959*,n=4)。这说明土壤酶活性表现出多样性变化,实际上反映出微生物不同种群对PTE的敏感度不一样。PTE对土壤酶活性产生的不同影响,可能妨碍土壤生物化学反应的有序进行,进而使土壤中的能量转化处于混乱状态,造成土壤功能失调。因此,在半夏生长过程中,根系分泌的化感物质可能改变土壤微生物种群结构,造成连作障碍。
Pinetlia ternata is widely used as Chinese medicine herbs and it has serious continuous cultivation obstacles. The different concentrations of P. ternata tuber extract( PTE) were added in trail soil and their effects on soil microorganism and enzyme activity were studied. The results showed that in the soil added with PTE,both bacteria and actinomycetes reduced 67. 56% and 82. 00% compared with control,but the change of fungi was not significant. In addition,PTE also significantly reduced the diversity,evenness and dominance index of soil microbial communities,indicating that the addition of PTE worsened the soil ecological environment,reduced the number of microbes and decreased the population density. Taking into account soil microbes being the main source of soil enzyme,and soil enzyme activity had a close relationship with the community structure and number of soil microbes.There were multiple influences of PTE on soil enzyme activities. Invertase activity was stimulated,while urease and phosphatase were inhibited by PTE. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between soil urease activity and the number of bacteria and actinomycetes( r = 0. 977*,r = 0. 969*,n = 4). There was a significant positive correlation between soil phosphatase activity and the number of actinomycetes( r = 0. 959*,n = 4),which indicates that the multiple changes of soil enzyme activity indicated different microbial groups with different sensitivity to PTE,actually. The different effects of PTE on soil enzyme activity may hinder the orderly progress of soil biochemical reactions. In turn,the energy conversion in the soil is in a chaotic state,resulting in the dysfunction of soil function. Therefore,allelopathic chemicals released from the roots of Pinetlia ternata could change microbial community structure and caused serious soil problems by continual cropping of this medicinal plant. In addition,PTE also significantly reduced the diversity,evenness and dominance index of soil microbial.
Pinetlia ternata is widely used as Chinese medicine herbs and it has serious continuous cultivation obstacles. The different concentrations of P. ternata tuber extract( PTE) were added in trail soil and their effects on soil microorganism and enzyme activity were studied. The results showed that in the soil added with PTE,both bacteria and actinomycetes reduced 67. 56% and 82. 00% compared with control,but the change of fungi was not significant. In addition,PTE also significantly reduced the diversity,evenness and dominance index of soil microbial communities,indicating that the addition of PTE worsened the soil ecological environment,reduced the number of microbes and decreased the population density. Taking into account soil microbes being the main source of soil enzyme,and soil enzyme activity had a close relationship with the community structure and number of soil microbes.There were multiple influences of PTE on soil enzyme activities. Invertase activity was stimulated,while urease and phosphatase were inhibited by PTE. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between soil urease activity and the number of bacteria and actinomycetes( r = 0. 977*,r = 0. 969*,n = 4). There was a significant positive correlation between soil phosphatase activity and the number of actinomycetes( r = 0. 959*,n = 4),which indicates that the multiple changes of soil enzyme activity indicated different microbial groups with different sensitivity to PTE,actually. The different effects of PTE on soil enzyme activity may hinder the orderly progress of soil biochemical reactions. In turn,the energy conversion in the soil is in a chaotic state,resulting in the dysfunction of soil function. Therefore,allelopathic chemicals released from the roots of Pinetlia ternata could change microbial community structure and caused serious soil problems by continual cropping of this medicinal plant. In addition,PTE also significantly reduced the diversity,evenness and dominance index of soil microbial.
引文
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[7]吴洪生,周晓冬,闫霜,等.拮抗菌与有机肥配合防治黄瓜连作障碍及提高黄瓜品质研究[J].西南农业学报,2013,26(4):1604-1067.
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[11]王桂芳.半夏有效部位提取物对常见细菌及酵母样真菌的体外抑菌实验的研究[J].临床医药实践,2009,2(4):1588-1589.
[12]顾地周,车喜全,王立斌,等.半夏提取液对大豆蚜虫生物活性及活性剂量的初步筛选[J].农药,2008,47(12):927-929.
[13]MORITA S,ITO M,HARADA J. Screening of an allelopathic potential in arbor species[J]. Weed Biology and Management,2005,5(1):26-30.
[14]BOWLES T M,ACOSTA-MARTNEZ V,CALDERN F,et al. Soil enzyme activities,microbial communities,and carbon and nitrogen availability in organic agroecosystems across an intensively-managed agricultural landscape[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2014,68:252-262.
[15]王宏霞,蔡子平,王国祥,等.半夏水浸提液对小麦种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2013,(11):1529-1531,1535.
[16]徐晶,陈婉华,孙瑞莲,等.不同施肥处理对湖南红壤中微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].土壤肥料,2003,17(5):8-11.
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[18]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:274-338.
[19]李勇,黄占斌,王文萍,等.重金属铅镉对玉米生长及土壤微生物的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(11):2241-2245.
[20]JIN S X,ZHANG X L,DANIELL H. Pinellia ternata agglutinin expression in chloroplasts confers broad spectrum resistance against aphid,whitefly,Lepidopteran insects,bacterial and viral pathogens[J]. Plant Biotechnology Journal,2012,10(3):313-327.
[21]李勇,顾垚俊,刘益军,等.缙云山森林土壤微生物数量与群落特征[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(5):1161-1167.
[22]KNIEF C,VANITCHUNG S,HARVEY N W,et al. Diversity of methanotrophic bacteria in tropical unland soils under different land uses[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2005,71(7):3826-3831.
[23]隋心,张荣涛,钟海秀,等.森林生态系统中主要功能微生物的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(28):1-5.
[24]黄亮,王玉,杨锦,等.半夏乙醇提取物体外抑菌实验的初步研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(24):103-107.
[25]胡亚林,汪思龙,黄宇,等.凋落物化学组成对土壤微生物学性状及土壤酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2005,25(10):2663-2668.
[26]张亮,杨宇虹,李倩,等.自生固氮菌活化土壤无机磷研究[J].生态学报,2013,33(7):2157-2164.
[27]SUN H Y,DENG S P,RAUN W R. Bacterial community structure and diversity in a century-old manure-treated agro-ecosystem[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2004,70(10):5868-5874.
[28]HE J Z,SHEN J P,ZHANG L M,et al. Quantitative analyses of the abundance and composition of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing archaea of a Chinese up land red soil under long-term fertilization practices[J]. Environmental Microbiology,2007,9(11):2364-2374.
[29]朱敏,郭志彬,曹承富,等.不同施肥模式对砂姜黑土微生物群落丰度和土壤酶活性的影响[J].核农学报,2014,28(9):1693-1700.
[30]李晨华,贾仲君,唐立松,等.不同施肥模式对绿洲农田土壤微生物群落丰度与酶活性的影响[J].土壤学报,2012,49(3):567-574.
[31]虎德钰,毛桂莲,许兴.不同草田轮作方式对土壤微生物和土壤酶活性的影响[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(9):106-113.
[2]ZHANG Z H,ZHAO Y Y,CHENG X L,et al. General toxicity of Pinellia ternata(Thunb.)Berit. in rat:A metabonomic method for profiling of serum metabolic changes[J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2013,149(1):303-310.
[3]ZHANG Z H,ZHAO Y Y,CHENG X L,et al. Metabonomic study of biochemical changes in the rat urine induced by Pinellia ternata(Thunb.)Berit[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis,2013,85:186-193.
[4]MINGORANCE C,RODRIGUEZ-RODRIGUEZ R,JUSTO M L,et al. Pharmacological effects and clinical applications of propionyl-L-carnitine[J]. Nutrition Reviews,2011,69:279-290.
[5]LI N,DONG G,WANG S,et al. Pinellia pedatisecta agglutinin-based lectin blot analysis distinguishes between glycosylation patterns in various cancer cell lines[J]. Oncology Letters,2014,8(2):837-840.
[6]林贵兵,万德光,杨新杰,等.四川中江丹参栽培地轮作期间土壤微生物的变化特点[J].中国中药杂志,2009,34(24):3184-3187.
[7]吴洪生,周晓冬,闫霜,等.拮抗菌与有机肥配合防治黄瓜连作障碍及提高黄瓜品质研究[J].西南农业学报,2013,26(4):1604-1067.
[8]张亮,黄建国.有机肥对烤烟生长及产量品质影响的研究进展[J].贵州农业科学,2011,39(6):51-54.
[9]罗世琼,黄建国,袁玲.野生黄花蒿土壤的养分状况与微生物特征[J].土壤学报,2014,51(4):868-879.
[10]陈慧,郝慧荣,熊君,等.地黄连作对根际微生物区系及土壤酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(12):2755-2759.
[11]王桂芳.半夏有效部位提取物对常见细菌及酵母样真菌的体外抑菌实验的研究[J].临床医药实践,2009,2(4):1588-1589.
[12]顾地周,车喜全,王立斌,等.半夏提取液对大豆蚜虫生物活性及活性剂量的初步筛选[J].农药,2008,47(12):927-929.
[13]MORITA S,ITO M,HARADA J. Screening of an allelopathic potential in arbor species[J]. Weed Biology and Management,2005,5(1):26-30.
[14]BOWLES T M,ACOSTA-MARTNEZ V,CALDERN F,et al. Soil enzyme activities,microbial communities,and carbon and nitrogen availability in organic agroecosystems across an intensively-managed agricultural landscape[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2014,68:252-262.
[15]王宏霞,蔡子平,王国祥,等.半夏水浸提液对小麦种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2013,(11):1529-1531,1535.
[16]徐晶,陈婉华,孙瑞莲,等.不同施肥处理对湖南红壤中微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].土壤肥料,2003,17(5):8-11.
[17]李阜棣,喻子牛,何绍江.农业微生物学实验技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1996:70-75.
[18]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:274-338.
[19]李勇,黄占斌,王文萍,等.重金属铅镉对玉米生长及土壤微生物的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(11):2241-2245.
[20]JIN S X,ZHANG X L,DANIELL H. Pinellia ternata agglutinin expression in chloroplasts confers broad spectrum resistance against aphid,whitefly,Lepidopteran insects,bacterial and viral pathogens[J]. Plant Biotechnology Journal,2012,10(3):313-327.
[21]李勇,顾垚俊,刘益军,等.缙云山森林土壤微生物数量与群落特征[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(5):1161-1167.
[22]KNIEF C,VANITCHUNG S,HARVEY N W,et al. Diversity of methanotrophic bacteria in tropical unland soils under different land uses[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2005,71(7):3826-3831.
[23]隋心,张荣涛,钟海秀,等.森林生态系统中主要功能微生物的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(28):1-5.
[24]黄亮,王玉,杨锦,等.半夏乙醇提取物体外抑菌实验的初步研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(24):103-107.
[25]胡亚林,汪思龙,黄宇,等.凋落物化学组成对土壤微生物学性状及土壤酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2005,25(10):2663-2668.
[26]张亮,杨宇虹,李倩,等.自生固氮菌活化土壤无机磷研究[J].生态学报,2013,33(7):2157-2164.
[27]SUN H Y,DENG S P,RAUN W R. Bacterial community structure and diversity in a century-old manure-treated agro-ecosystem[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2004,70(10):5868-5874.
[28]HE J Z,SHEN J P,ZHANG L M,et al. Quantitative analyses of the abundance and composition of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing archaea of a Chinese up land red soil under long-term fertilization practices[J]. Environmental Microbiology,2007,9(11):2364-2374.
[29]朱敏,郭志彬,曹承富,等.不同施肥模式对砂姜黑土微生物群落丰度和土壤酶活性的影响[J].核农学报,2014,28(9):1693-1700.
[30]李晨华,贾仲君,唐立松,等.不同施肥模式对绿洲农田土壤微生物群落丰度与酶活性的影响[J].土壤学报,2012,49(3):567-574.
[31]虎德钰,毛桂莲,许兴.不同草田轮作方式对土壤微生物和土壤酶活性的影响[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(9):106-113.