金川二矿区大体积充填体变形的三维数值模拟
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摘要
充填法采矿是维护矿山稳定、控制地压变化以及限制围岩变形的最有效的手段方法,这种方法被大量地应用于金属矿山的开采工程当中。充填体作为矿体采出后的替代物,充入地下采空区后经过相变-固结-承压-提供反力-与围岩相互作用等阶段,与上覆岩层、下部矿体以及周围围岩形成了一个共同抵抗外部压力又相互作用的系统。这个系统在矿山开采状态下如何维护自身稳定以及相互作用所产生的变形破坏等都是需要进行研究的问题。金川镍矿二矿区已经进行了几十年的充填开采作业,逐渐形成了体积非常巨大的充填体,而进入深部开采工程后,上覆巨大充填体的受力稳定问题直接关系到矿山的安全生产。本文结合金川二矿区开采实际,在精确刻画充填体三维形态特征的基础上,采用数值模拟方法分析了大型充填矿山充填体的力学行为。模拟结果表明:充填体在开采时会出现整体受压变形,最大剪应力是导致充填体与围岩发生局部破坏的主要因素,对此根据充填体整体塑性屈服区域的分布和剪应力分布情况,确定了破坏失稳的危险区域。
The key point of mining safety is backfill stability in the mine which used in the filling method. And the backfill also could control the ground pressure and constrain the surrounding rock mass deformation. The filling mining method is widely used in metal mining engineering and the backfill is the substitution of ore body. There are some stages of backfill after injected into the worked out section,as phase change—consolidation—load bearing—support counter force—make the interaction with surrounding rock mass. The backfill,overlying rock mass,unexcavated ore body and surrounding rock mass form an interacted system of mining operation to resist the external load. The system deformation and stability is the key issues. The large backfill is formed in No.2 zone of Jinchuan Mine by mining in decades. The mining operation has carried out in the deep,so the stability of large backfill is effect on the work safety. This article,based on the actual mining condition of No. 2 zone of Jinchuan Mine in China,described the elaborated boundary shape and simulated the backfill mechanical behaviour. The backfill have occurred overall deformation because of compression. The shear stress is the major factor of backfill and surrounding rock local failure. Finally,the hazardous area is curtained by yield function and shear stress distribution.
The key point of mining safety is backfill stability in the mine which used in the filling method. And the backfill also could control the ground pressure and constrain the surrounding rock mass deformation. The filling mining method is widely used in metal mining engineering and the backfill is the substitution of ore body. There are some stages of backfill after injected into the worked out section,as phase change—consolidation—load bearing—support counter force—make the interaction with surrounding rock mass. The backfill,overlying rock mass,unexcavated ore body and surrounding rock mass form an interacted system of mining operation to resist the external load. The system deformation and stability is the key issues. The large backfill is formed in No.2 zone of Jinchuan Mine by mining in decades. The mining operation has carried out in the deep,so the stability of large backfill is effect on the work safety. This article,based on the actual mining condition of No. 2 zone of Jinchuan Mine in China,described the elaborated boundary shape and simulated the backfill mechanical behaviour. The backfill have occurred overall deformation because of compression. The shear stress is the major factor of backfill and surrounding rock local failure. Finally,the hazardous area is curtained by yield function and shear stress distribution.
引文
Cai S J.2009.Mechanism of mining backfill[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press.
Chen H D,Wei H Z,Meng Q S,et al.2018.The study on stress-strain strength behavior of calcareous sand with particle breakage[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,26(6):1490-1498.
Chu Y Y,Ren G F,Zhang S S,et al.2017.Proportion optimization of cemented tailings backfill and its interaction mechanism with rocks in room-and-pillar stope:a case study[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,50(6):860-866.
Fu P.2015.Shallow talk about the advantage of filling mining method[J].Science and Technology&Innovation,(12):156-157.
Gao J K,Zhang H J,Jia Y J,et al.2008.Risk analysis and forecast of exploiting the 16thline vertical pillar in No.2 mining area of Jinchuan group ltd[J].Mining Research and Development,28(1):1-3.
Guo J,Ma F S,Xu J M.2014.A case study of ground movement due to backfill mining of steep orebody[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,22(5):958-964.
Li Z Q.2001.Application of modern mining technology in mining engineering[J].Jiangxi Coal Science&Technology,(3):142-144.
Li D H,Sun D S.2013.Study on the matching of mining method and strength of backfilling materials in Sanxin mining company[J].Gold,34(6):39-42.
Liu T Y,et al.2001.Technology and application of filling mining method[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press.
Lu P.1994.A few points about the mechanics of back filling which restrain the development of cementing back-filling method[J].Gold,15(7):18-22.
Ma F S,Liu F,Guo J,et al.2018.Backfill stability analysis of steep dip mine using filling method[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,26(5):1351-1359.
Ma F S,Yan D F,Lu R,et al.2016.The mechanical effect analysis of16-line vertical pillar of mine zone No.2 in Jinchuan Nickel Mine[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,24(S1):445-454.
Ma F S,Zhao H J,Yuan R M,et al.2015.Ground movement resulting from underground backfill mining in a nickel mine(Gansu Province,China)[J].Natural Hazards,77(3):1475-1490.
Ma F S,Zhao H J,Guo J,et al.2014.Influence of the multi-level mining on the ground movement in the Jinchuan No.2 mine[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,22(4):757-764.
Peng F H,Li S L,Li X Q,et al.2015.Deformation monitoring of bulky backfill in No.2 Mine area in Jinchuan[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,34(1):104-113.
Tian J B,Chen C L,Deng X X,et al.2016.The experimental study of the cemented filling of high sulfur tailings[J].China Mining Magazine,25(4):103-107.
Wu J Y,Feng M M,Yu B Y,et al.2017.Experimental study of strength and deformation characteristics of cemented waste rock backfills with continuous gradation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,38(1):101-108.
Yang Z Q,Gao Q,Chen D X,et al.2014.Problems and countermeasures for safe and effective filling mining in Jinchuan Nickel mine in the deep and high stress[J].Engineering Sciences,16(8):38-44.
Yao N,Ye Y C,Wang Q H,et al.2018.Particle flow code numerical simulation of uniaxial compression mechanical behavior of gently inclined layered rock[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,26(4):835-843.
Yuan G X,Zhang L Q,Zeng Q L,et al.2018.Prediction of rock mass quality in target depth for Tamusu area of alxa pre-selected region for geological disposal of high-level nuclear waste[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,26(6):1690-1700.
Zhou X,Yang L H.2015.Application of slag powder in consolidated fill of Jinchaling Nickel Mine[J].China Mine Engineering,44(3):1-5.
Zhou A M.2010.Mine waste consolidation filling[M],Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press.
Zou L,Peng F H.2014.Study of level ore pillar in 1150 m level by numerical calculation in No.2 zone Jinchuan Mine[J].Mining Technology,14(3):39-41.
蔡嗣经.2009.矿山充填力学基础[M].北京:冶金工业出版社.
陈火东,魏厚振,孟庆山,等.2018.颗粒破碎对钙质砂的应力-应变及强度影响研究[J].工程地质学报,26(6):1490-1498.
褚衍玉,任高峰,张卅卅,等.2017.尾砂胶结充填体与岩体耦合作用机理研究[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),50(6):860-866.
浦鹏.2015.浅谈充填采矿法的优势[J].科技与创新,(12):156-157.
高建科,张海军,贾永军,等.2008.金川二矿区16行垂直矿柱的开采风险分析与预测[J].矿业研究与开发,28(1):1-3.
郭捷,马凤山,徐嘉谟.2014.陡倾矿体充填法开采引起地表移动的实例分析[J].工程地质学报,22(5):958-964.
李电辉,孙德胜.2013.三鑫矿业公司充填体强度与采矿方法匹配研究[J].黄金,34(6):39-42.
李志强.2017.现代化采矿工艺技术在采矿工程中的应用[J].江西煤炭科技,(3):142-144.
刘同有,等.2001.充填采矿技术与应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社.
卢平.1994.制约胶结充填采矿法发展的若干充填体力学问题[J].黄金,15(7):18-22.
马凤山,刘锋,郭捷,等.2018.陡倾矿体充填法采矿充填体稳定性研究[J].工程地质学报,26(5):1351-1359.
马凤山,闫冬飞,卢蓉,等.2016.金川二矿区16行垂直矿柱的力学效应分析[J].工程地质学报,24(S1):445-454.
马凤山,赵海军,郭捷,等.2014.金川二矿区多中段开采对地表岩移的影响研究[J].工程地质学报,22(4):757-764.
彭府华,李庶林,李小强,等.2015.金川二矿区大体积充填体变形机制与变形监测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,34(1):104-113.
田均兵,陈昌礼,邓晓轩,等.2016.高硫尾砂胶结充填试验研究[J].中国矿业,25(4):103-107.
吴疆宇,冯梅梅,郁邦永,等.2017.连续级配废石胶结充填体强度及变形特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,38(1):101-108.
杨志强,高谦,陈得信,等.2014.大型镍矿深部高应力矿体充填法开采关键技术与对策[J].中国工程科学,16(8):38-44.
姚囝,叶义成,王其虎,等.2018.缓倾斜层状岩体单轴压缩力学行为的颗粒流数值模拟[J].工程地质学报,26(4):835-843.
袁广祥,张路青,曾庆利,等.2018.高放废物地质处置阿拉善预选区塔木素地段目标深度岩体质量预测[J].工程地质学报,26(6):1690-1700.
周爱民.2007.矿山废料胶结充填[M].北京:冶金工业出版社.
周旭,杨陆海.2015.矿渣粉在煎茶岭镍矿胶结充填中的应用[J].中国矿山工程,44(3):1-5.
邹龙,彭府华.2014.金川二矿1150 m水平矿柱回采稳定性数值计算研究[J].采矿技术,14(3):39-41.
Chen H D,Wei H Z,Meng Q S,et al.2018.The study on stress-strain strength behavior of calcareous sand with particle breakage[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,26(6):1490-1498.
Chu Y Y,Ren G F,Zhang S S,et al.2017.Proportion optimization of cemented tailings backfill and its interaction mechanism with rocks in room-and-pillar stope:a case study[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,50(6):860-866.
Fu P.2015.Shallow talk about the advantage of filling mining method[J].Science and Technology&Innovation,(12):156-157.
Gao J K,Zhang H J,Jia Y J,et al.2008.Risk analysis and forecast of exploiting the 16thline vertical pillar in No.2 mining area of Jinchuan group ltd[J].Mining Research and Development,28(1):1-3.
Guo J,Ma F S,Xu J M.2014.A case study of ground movement due to backfill mining of steep orebody[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,22(5):958-964.
Li Z Q.2001.Application of modern mining technology in mining engineering[J].Jiangxi Coal Science&Technology,(3):142-144.
Li D H,Sun D S.2013.Study on the matching of mining method and strength of backfilling materials in Sanxin mining company[J].Gold,34(6):39-42.
Liu T Y,et al.2001.Technology and application of filling mining method[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press.
Lu P.1994.A few points about the mechanics of back filling which restrain the development of cementing back-filling method[J].Gold,15(7):18-22.
Ma F S,Liu F,Guo J,et al.2018.Backfill stability analysis of steep dip mine using filling method[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,26(5):1351-1359.
Ma F S,Yan D F,Lu R,et al.2016.The mechanical effect analysis of16-line vertical pillar of mine zone No.2 in Jinchuan Nickel Mine[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,24(S1):445-454.
Ma F S,Zhao H J,Yuan R M,et al.2015.Ground movement resulting from underground backfill mining in a nickel mine(Gansu Province,China)[J].Natural Hazards,77(3):1475-1490.
Ma F S,Zhao H J,Guo J,et al.2014.Influence of the multi-level mining on the ground movement in the Jinchuan No.2 mine[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,22(4):757-764.
Peng F H,Li S L,Li X Q,et al.2015.Deformation monitoring of bulky backfill in No.2 Mine area in Jinchuan[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,34(1):104-113.
Tian J B,Chen C L,Deng X X,et al.2016.The experimental study of the cemented filling of high sulfur tailings[J].China Mining Magazine,25(4):103-107.
Wu J Y,Feng M M,Yu B Y,et al.2017.Experimental study of strength and deformation characteristics of cemented waste rock backfills with continuous gradation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,38(1):101-108.
Yang Z Q,Gao Q,Chen D X,et al.2014.Problems and countermeasures for safe and effective filling mining in Jinchuan Nickel mine in the deep and high stress[J].Engineering Sciences,16(8):38-44.
Yao N,Ye Y C,Wang Q H,et al.2018.Particle flow code numerical simulation of uniaxial compression mechanical behavior of gently inclined layered rock[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,26(4):835-843.
Yuan G X,Zhang L Q,Zeng Q L,et al.2018.Prediction of rock mass quality in target depth for Tamusu area of alxa pre-selected region for geological disposal of high-level nuclear waste[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,26(6):1690-1700.
Zhou X,Yang L H.2015.Application of slag powder in consolidated fill of Jinchaling Nickel Mine[J].China Mine Engineering,44(3):1-5.
Zhou A M.2010.Mine waste consolidation filling[M],Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press.
Zou L,Peng F H.2014.Study of level ore pillar in 1150 m level by numerical calculation in No.2 zone Jinchuan Mine[J].Mining Technology,14(3):39-41.
蔡嗣经.2009.矿山充填力学基础[M].北京:冶金工业出版社.
陈火东,魏厚振,孟庆山,等.2018.颗粒破碎对钙质砂的应力-应变及强度影响研究[J].工程地质学报,26(6):1490-1498.
褚衍玉,任高峰,张卅卅,等.2017.尾砂胶结充填体与岩体耦合作用机理研究[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),50(6):860-866.
浦鹏.2015.浅谈充填采矿法的优势[J].科技与创新,(12):156-157.
高建科,张海军,贾永军,等.2008.金川二矿区16行垂直矿柱的开采风险分析与预测[J].矿业研究与开发,28(1):1-3.
郭捷,马凤山,徐嘉谟.2014.陡倾矿体充填法开采引起地表移动的实例分析[J].工程地质学报,22(5):958-964.
李电辉,孙德胜.2013.三鑫矿业公司充填体强度与采矿方法匹配研究[J].黄金,34(6):39-42.
李志强.2017.现代化采矿工艺技术在采矿工程中的应用[J].江西煤炭科技,(3):142-144.
刘同有,等.2001.充填采矿技术与应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社.
卢平.1994.制约胶结充填采矿法发展的若干充填体力学问题[J].黄金,15(7):18-22.
马凤山,刘锋,郭捷,等.2018.陡倾矿体充填法采矿充填体稳定性研究[J].工程地质学报,26(5):1351-1359.
马凤山,闫冬飞,卢蓉,等.2016.金川二矿区16行垂直矿柱的力学效应分析[J].工程地质学报,24(S1):445-454.
马凤山,赵海军,郭捷,等.2014.金川二矿区多中段开采对地表岩移的影响研究[J].工程地质学报,22(4):757-764.
彭府华,李庶林,李小强,等.2015.金川二矿区大体积充填体变形机制与变形监测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,34(1):104-113.
田均兵,陈昌礼,邓晓轩,等.2016.高硫尾砂胶结充填试验研究[J].中国矿业,25(4):103-107.
吴疆宇,冯梅梅,郁邦永,等.2017.连续级配废石胶结充填体强度及变形特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,38(1):101-108.
杨志强,高谦,陈得信,等.2014.大型镍矿深部高应力矿体充填法开采关键技术与对策[J].中国工程科学,16(8):38-44.
姚囝,叶义成,王其虎,等.2018.缓倾斜层状岩体单轴压缩力学行为的颗粒流数值模拟[J].工程地质学报,26(4):835-843.
袁广祥,张路青,曾庆利,等.2018.高放废物地质处置阿拉善预选区塔木素地段目标深度岩体质量预测[J].工程地质学报,26(6):1690-1700.
周爱民.2007.矿山废料胶结充填[M].北京:冶金工业出版社.
周旭,杨陆海.2015.矿渣粉在煎茶岭镍矿胶结充填中的应用[J].中国矿山工程,44(3):1-5.
邹龙,彭府华.2014.金川二矿1150 m水平矿柱回采稳定性数值计算研究[J].采矿技术,14(3):39-41.