近年南通市环境介质总α和总β放射性水平调查
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摘要
目的了解南通市环境介质天然放射性水平,积累南通市基线数据。方法采集南通市环境中大气沉降灰、气溶胶、生活饮用水和食品,进行总α、总β放射性水平监测。结果 2014—2017年南通市气溶胶中总α放射性浓度为(0.23～1.65) mBq/m~3,总β放射性浓度为(0.32～2.60) mBq/m~3,大气沉降物中总α放射性浓度、总β放射性浓度分别为(4.7～44.0) Bq/m~2,(37.1～104.0) Bq/m~2;2013—2017年南通市生活饮用水年均总α放射性浓度为(0.009～0.050) Bq/L,总β放射性浓度为(0.060～0.124) Bq/L,各类食品中总α、总β放射性水平均值范围分别(0.40～11.72) Bq/kg,(31.99～130.74) Bq/kg。经方差分析,以上各样品年度间总α、总β放射性浓度差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论近年来南通市环境中大气沉降灰、气溶胶、生活饮用水和食品总α、总β放射性未发现明显变化,人居环境是安全的。
Objectives To get the message of natural radioactivity level in environmental samples and accumulate the baseline data in Nantong. Methods Collecting atmospheric ash, aerosols, drinking water and food in the environment of Nantong, and monitoring the level of gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity. Results The gross alpha activities in aerosol were(0.23～1.65) mBq/m~3, and the gross beta activities were(0.32～2.60) mBq/m~3 in Nantong in 2014—2017, and the gross alpha and gross beta activities in atmospheric sediment were(4.7～44.0) Bq/m~2 and(37.1～104.0) Bq/m~2, respectively. The average annual gross alpha radioactivities of drinking water in Nantong were(0.009～0.050) Bq/L, and the gross beta radioactivities were(0.060～0.124) Bq/L. The mean range of gross alpha and gross beta radioactivities in various foods were(0.40～11.72) Bq/kg and(31.99～130.74) Bq/kg, respectively. The different between different samples were not significant. Conclusions In recent years, no significant change has been observed on gross α and β radioactivity in the deposited atmospheric ash, aerosols, drinking water and food, and no artificial polluted nuclide has been observed. The living environment in Nantong was safe.
Objectives To get the message of natural radioactivity level in environmental samples and accumulate the baseline data in Nantong. Methods Collecting atmospheric ash, aerosols, drinking water and food in the environment of Nantong, and monitoring the level of gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity. Results The gross alpha activities in aerosol were(0.23～1.65) mBq/m~3, and the gross beta activities were(0.32～2.60) mBq/m~3 in Nantong in 2014—2017, and the gross alpha and gross beta activities in atmospheric sediment were(4.7～44.0) Bq/m~2 and(37.1～104.0) Bq/m~2, respectively. The average annual gross alpha radioactivities of drinking water in Nantong were(0.009～0.050) Bq/L, and the gross beta radioactivities were(0.060～0.124) Bq/L. The mean range of gross alpha and gross beta radioactivities in various foods were(0.40～11.72) Bq/kg and(31.99～130.74) Bq/kg, respectively. The different between different samples were not significant. Conclusions In recent years, no significant change has been observed on gross α and β radioactivity in the deposited atmospheric ash, aerosols, drinking water and food, and no artificial polluted nuclide has been observed. The living environment in Nantong was safe.
引文
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[3] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会中华人民共和国卫生部,中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB 14883. 1-2016 食品安全国家标准食品中放射性物质检验总则[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2017.
[4] 中华人民共和国卫生部,中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 5750. 2-2006 生活饮用水标准检验方法水样的采集与和保存[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2007. (In English: National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. GB/T 5750.2-2006 Standard examination methods for drinking water - Collection and preservation of water samples[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 2007.)
[5] 中华人民共和国卫生部,中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 5750.13-2006 生活饮用水标准检验方法放射性指标[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2007. (In English: National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. GB/T 5750.13-2006 Standard examination methods for drinking water - Radiological parameters[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 2007.)
[6] 郑天柱,王永星,田好亮. 2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查[J]. 环境卫生学杂志,2016,6(6):457-459. (In English: Zheng TZ, Wang YX, Tian HL. Radioactivity in drinking water in Zhengzhou city in 2015[J]. J Environ Hyg, 2016, 6(6): 457-459.)
[7] 中华人民共和国卫生部,中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB 5749-2006 生活饮用水卫生标准[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2007. (In English: National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. GB 5749-2006 Standards for drinking water quality[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 2007.)
[8] 陈钰,鲁波,史黎薇. 世界卫生组织新修订饮用水水质准则值(2011)简介(上)[J]. 环境卫生学杂志,. 2016;,6(5):365-372. (In English: Chen Y, Lu B, Shi LW. Brief introduction on the guideline values for drinking-water quality updated by the WHO (2011) (Part:1)[J]. J Environ Hyg, 2016, 6(5): 365-372.)
[9] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会中华人民共和国卫生部,中国国家标准化管理委员会. GBZ/T 271-2016 核或辐射应急准备与响相应通用准则[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2016. (In English: National Health and Family Planning Commission of PRC. GBZ/T 271-2016 Criteria for use in preparedness and response for a nuclear or radiological emergency[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 2016.)
[10] 姜文华,万骏,刘犁,等. 苏州大学独墅湖校区环境介质总α、总β放射性水平调查[J]. 苏州大学学报(医学版)2008,28(2):283-285,335. (In English: Jiang WH, Wan J, Liu L, et al. Investigation of total α and total β radioactive level of environment mediator in the Dushu Lake campus of Suzhou university[J]. Suzhou Univ J Med Sci, 2008, 28(2): 283-285, 335.)
[11] 陈群,杨小勇,马加一,等. 2008—2012年田湾核电站周围环境样品中总α、总β放射性水平[J]. 江苏预防医学2014,25(4):5-7. (In English: Chen Q, Yang XY, Ma JY, et al. Total α and total β radioactivity levels in environmental samples around Tianwan nuclear power during 2008-2012[J]. Jiangsu J Prev Med, 2014, 25(4): 5-7.)
[2] 国家环境保护总局. HJ/T 61-2001 辐射环境监测技术规范[S]. 北京:中国环境科学出版社,2001. (In English: State Environmental Protection Administration. HJ/T 61-2001 Technical criteria for radiation environmental monitoring[S]. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 2001.)
[3] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会中华人民共和国卫生部,中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB 14883. 1-2016 食品安全国家标准食品中放射性物质检验总则[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2017.
[4] 中华人民共和国卫生部,中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 5750. 2-2006 生活饮用水标准检验方法水样的采集与和保存[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2007. (In English: National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. GB/T 5750.2-2006 Standard examination methods for drinking water - Collection and preservation of water samples[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 2007.)
[5] 中华人民共和国卫生部,中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 5750.13-2006 生活饮用水标准检验方法放射性指标[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2007. (In English: National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. GB/T 5750.13-2006 Standard examination methods for drinking water - Radiological parameters[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 2007.)
[6] 郑天柱,王永星,田好亮. 2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查[J]. 环境卫生学杂志,2016,6(6):457-459. (In English: Zheng TZ, Wang YX, Tian HL. Radioactivity in drinking water in Zhengzhou city in 2015[J]. J Environ Hyg, 2016, 6(6): 457-459.)
[7] 中华人民共和国卫生部,中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB 5749-2006 生活饮用水卫生标准[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2007. (In English: National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. GB 5749-2006 Standards for drinking water quality[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 2007.)
[8] 陈钰,鲁波,史黎薇. 世界卫生组织新修订饮用水水质准则值(2011)简介(上)[J]. 环境卫生学杂志,. 2016;,6(5):365-372. (In English: Chen Y, Lu B, Shi LW. Brief introduction on the guideline values for drinking-water quality updated by the WHO (2011) (Part:1)[J]. J Environ Hyg, 2016, 6(5): 365-372.)
[9] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会中华人民共和国卫生部,中国国家标准化管理委员会. GBZ/T 271-2016 核或辐射应急准备与响相应通用准则[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2016. (In English: National Health and Family Planning Commission of PRC. GBZ/T 271-2016 Criteria for use in preparedness and response for a nuclear or radiological emergency[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 2016.)
[10] 姜文华,万骏,刘犁,等. 苏州大学独墅湖校区环境介质总α、总β放射性水平调查[J]. 苏州大学学报(医学版)2008,28(2):283-285,335. (In English: Jiang WH, Wan J, Liu L, et al. Investigation of total α and total β radioactive level of environment mediator in the Dushu Lake campus of Suzhou university[J]. Suzhou Univ J Med Sci, 2008, 28(2): 283-285, 335.)
[11] 陈群,杨小勇,马加一,等. 2008—2012年田湾核电站周围环境样品中总α、总β放射性水平[J]. 江苏预防医学2014,25(4):5-7. (In English: Chen Q, Yang XY, Ma JY, et al. Total α and total β radioactivity levels in environmental samples around Tianwan nuclear power during 2008-2012[J]. Jiangsu J Prev Med, 2014, 25(4): 5-7.)