模拟外源性氮磷对马占相思凋落叶分解及土壤生化特性的影响
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摘要
[目的]研究外源性氮和磷对马占相思凋落叶的分解速率、分解过程中N、P、K含量和土壤生化特性的影响,以便为森林土壤养分管理提供参考。[方法]以广东省云勇林场马占相思林下凋落叶为试验材料,采用尼龙网袋分解法,设置对照(CK)、施N(10 g·m~(-2))、施P(5 g·m~(-2))、施N+P(N 10 g·m~(-2)+P 5 g·m~(-2))4种处理,每隔3个月取样1次,并测定凋落叶残留量和N、P、K含量。[结果]表明:施N、P和N+P处理对马占相思凋落叶的分解均为促进作用。各处理马占相思凋落叶的N含量在分解过程中大致保持稳定,施P和N+P处理的凋落叶P含量在分解过程中总体呈波动性上升,而各处理的凋落叶K含量变化规律不明显。施N、P和N+P处理提高了马占相思林土壤的有机质和全N含量,促进脲酶、磷酸酶及过氧化氢酶的活性。[结论]施N、P和N+P处理促进了马占相思凋落叶的分解,有利于马占相思林的养分循环。
[Objective]To study the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on leaf litter decomposition,nutrient dynamics and soil biochemical characteristics during the decomposition process in a Acacia mangium plantation in order to understand the mechanism of influence of nitrogen and phosphorus on leaf litter decomposition of A. mangium and forest soil nutrient management. [Method]Leaf litter decomposition of the A. mangium plantation in Yunyong Forest Farm was investigated using litter bag method. N and P additions were designed in four treatments: the control,N addition(N 10 g·m~(-2)),P addition(P 5 g·m~(-2)),and N + P addition(N 10 g·m~(-2)+ P 5 g·m~(-2)).It was sampled in a three-month interval and then the remaining leaf litter and N,P,K contents were analyzed.[Result]The N,P and N + P additions improved leaf litter decomposition. The N content of leaf litter with the four treatments remained stable. The P content of leaf litter with P and N + P additions tended to increase and were greater than their initial value during litter decomposition process. The K content of leaf litter with the four treatments changed irregularly. The N,P and N + P additions significantly increased soil organic matter and total N contents and improved activities of soil urease,acid phosphatase and catalase. [Conclusion]N,P and N + P additions accelerated leaf litter decomposition of the A. mangium,which improved the nutrient cycling of A. mangium plantation.
[Objective]To study the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on leaf litter decomposition,nutrient dynamics and soil biochemical characteristics during the decomposition process in a Acacia mangium plantation in order to understand the mechanism of influence of nitrogen and phosphorus on leaf litter decomposition of A. mangium and forest soil nutrient management. [Method]Leaf litter decomposition of the A. mangium plantation in Yunyong Forest Farm was investigated using litter bag method. N and P additions were designed in four treatments: the control,N addition(N 10 g·m~(-2)),P addition(P 5 g·m~(-2)),and N + P addition(N 10 g·m~(-2)+ P 5 g·m~(-2)).It was sampled in a three-month interval and then the remaining leaf litter and N,P,K contents were analyzed.[Result]The N,P and N + P additions improved leaf litter decomposition. The N content of leaf litter with the four treatments remained stable. The P content of leaf litter with P and N + P additions tended to increase and were greater than their initial value during litter decomposition process. The K content of leaf litter with the four treatments changed irregularly. The N,P and N + P additions significantly increased soil organic matter and total N contents and improved activities of soil urease,acid phosphatase and catalase. [Conclusion]N,P and N + P additions accelerated leaf litter decomposition of the A. mangium,which improved the nutrient cycling of A. mangium plantation.
引文
[1]王相娥,薛立,谢腾芳.凋落物分解研究综述[J].土壤通报,2009,40(6):1473-1478.
[2]Maisto G,De M A,Meola A,et al.Nutrient dynamics in litter mixtures of four Mediterranean maquis species decomposing in situ[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2011,43(3):520-530.
[3]陆耀东,薛立,曹鹤,等.去除地面枯落物对加勒比松林土壤特性的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(7):3205-3211.
[4]Wang Q K,Wang S L,Huang Y.Comparisons of litterfall,litter decomposition and nutrient return in a monoculture Cunninghamia lanceolata and a mixed stand in southern China[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2008,255(3-4):1210-1218.
[5]Xu X N,Hirata E,Enoki T,et al.Leaf litter decomposition and nutrient dynamics in a subtropical forest after typhoon disturbance[J].Plant Ecology,2004,173(2):161-170.
[6]Bai Y F,Wu J G,Clark C M,et al.Tradeoffs and thresholds in the effects of nitrogen addition on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning:evidence from Inner Mongolia Grasslands[J].Global Change Biology,2010,16(1):358-372.
[7]卢广超,邵怡若,薛立.氮沉降对凋落物分解的影响研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2014,27(1):35-42.
[8]Luca B,Alexandre B,Jonathan H,et al.High nitrogen deposition alters the decomposition of bog plant litter and reduces carbon accumulation[J].Global Change Biology,2012,18(3):1163-1172.
[9]郭春兰,方向民,李佩擎,等.毛竹原状和粉状叶片分解特征对施氮和温度的响应[J].林业科学研究,2016,29(5):719-725.
[10]Knops J H,Naeem S,Reich P M.The impact of elevated CO2,increased nitrogen availability and biodiversity on plant tissue quality and decomposition[J].Global Change Biology,2007,13(9):1960-1971.
[11]陈翔,周梅,魏江生,等.模拟氮沉降对兴安落叶松林凋落物分解的影响[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(9):1496-1503.
[12]汪金松,王晨,赵秀海,等.模拟氮沉降对油松林单一及混合叶凋落物分解的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2015,37(10):14-21.
[13]涂利华,胡红玲,胡庭兴,等.华西雨屏区亮叶桦凋落叶分解对模拟氮沉降的响应[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(2):99-108.
[14]Mo J M,Brown S,Xue J H,et al.Response of Litter Decomposition to Simulated N Deposition in Disturbed,Rehabilitated and Mature Forests in Subtropical China[J].Plant and Soil,2006,282(1-2):135-151.
[15]Marklein A R,Houlton B Z.Nitrogen inputs accelerate phosphorus cycling rates across a wide variety of terrestrial ecosystems[J].New Phytologist,2012,193(3):696-704.
[16]Peuelas J,Sardans J,Rivas-ubach A,et al.The human-induced imbalance between C,N and P in Earth's life system[J].Global Change Biology,2012,18(1):3-6.
[17]弓晓静,余明泉,胡小飞,等.氮磷添加对红壤区城郊湿地松林凋落叶分解的影响[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(12):2327-2333.
[18]Liu Z F,Fu B J,Zheng X X,et al.Plant biomass,soil water content and soil N:P ratio regulating soil microbial functional diversity in a temperate steppe:A regional scale study[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2010,42(3):445-450.
[19]蔡金桓,王卓敏,薛立,等.外源性氮和磷对藜蒴林凋落叶分解的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,36(7):105-111.
[20]Qualls R G,Richardson C J.Phosphorus enrichment affects litter decomposition,immobilization,and soil microbial phosphorus in wetland mesocosms[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2000,64(2):799-808.
[21]Liu L,Gundersen P,Zhang T,et al.Effects of phosphorus addition on soil microbial biomass and community composition in three forest types in tropical China[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2012,44(1):31-38.
[22]De Busk W F,Reddy K R.Turnover of detrital organic carbon in a nutrient impacted Everglades marsh[J].Soil Science Society of America,1998,62(5):1460-1468.
[23]Kozovits A R,Bustamante M M C,Garofalo C R,et al.Nutrient resorption and patterns of litter production and decomposition in a Neotropical Savanna[J].Functional Ecology,2007,21(6):1034-1043.
[24]邹碧,李志安,丁永祯,等.南亚热带4种人工林凋落物动态特征[J].生态学报,2006,26(3):715-721.
[25]薛立;何跃君;屈明,等.华南典型人工林凋落物的持水特性[J].植物生态学报,2005,29(3):415-421.
[26]中国土壤学会.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000
[27]刘彩霞,焦如珍,董玉红,等.杉木林土壤微生物区系对短期模拟氮沉降的响应[J].林业科学研究,2015,28(2):271-276.
[28]李英滨,李琪,杨俊杰,等.模拟氮沉降对温带草原凋落物质量的影响[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(10):2732-2737.
[29]Knorr M,Frey S D,Curtis P S.Nitrogen additions and litter decomposition:a meta-analysis[J].Ecology,2005,86(12):3252-3257.
[30]Liu L,Gundersen P,Zhang T,et al.Effects of phosphorus addition on soil microbial biomass and community composition in three forest types in tropical China[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2012,44(1):31-38.
[31]Chen Y,Fan J B,Du L,et al.The application of phosphate solubilizing endophyte Pantoea dispersa triggers the microbial community in red acidic soil[J].Applied Soil Ecolgy,2014,84:235-244.
[32]Chen Y,Sun T T,Qian H Y,et al.Nitrogen mineralization as a result of phosphorus supplementation in long-term phosphate deficient soil[J].Applied Soil Ecolgy,2016,106:24-32.
[33]陈昊.氮磷添加对亚热带北部常绿阔叶林落叶分解及其养分释放的影响[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2013.
[34]李文亚.贝加尔针茅草原凋落物分解对氮磷添加的响应[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2016.
[35]李茂,徐俊,田地,等.氮磷添加对苦槠次生林凋落物量及其养分动态的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(19):7-13.
[36]Jacobson T K B,Bustamante M M C,Kozovits A R.Diversity of shrub tree layer,leaf litter decomposition and N release in a Brazilian Cerrado under N,P and N plus P additions[J].Environmental Pollution,2011,159(10):2236-2242.
[37]吕妍,郑泽梅,美丽班·马木提,等.增施氮磷肥对木荷林凋落物生产量及其养分的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(11):3027-3034.
[38]廖利平,高洪,汪思龙,等.外加氮源对杉木叶凋落物分解及土壤养分淋失的影响[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(1):34-39.
[39]李淑兰,陈永亮.不同落叶林林下凋落物的分解与养分归还[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2004,28(5):59-62.
[40]Prescott C E,Kabzems R,Zabek L M.Effects of fertilization on decomposition rate of Populus tremuloides foliar litter in a boreal forest[J].Canadian Journal of Forestry Research,1999,29(3):393-397.
[41]Berg B and Ekbohm G.Litter mass-loss rates and decomposition patterns in some needle and leaf litter types.Long-term decomposition in a Scotspine forest[J].Canadian Journal of Botany,1991,69(7):1449-1456.
[42]董喜光,张越,薛立,等.火力楠林的土壤特性对外源性N和P的响应[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,35(9):104-108,113.
[43]Yang J X,Zhang T,Wu D X.Study on effect of phosphorus nutrition on drought resistance of plants[J].Trace Elem Sci,2003,10(12):13-19.
[2]Maisto G,De M A,Meola A,et al.Nutrient dynamics in litter mixtures of four Mediterranean maquis species decomposing in situ[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2011,43(3):520-530.
[3]陆耀东,薛立,曹鹤,等.去除地面枯落物对加勒比松林土壤特性的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(7):3205-3211.
[4]Wang Q K,Wang S L,Huang Y.Comparisons of litterfall,litter decomposition and nutrient return in a monoculture Cunninghamia lanceolata and a mixed stand in southern China[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2008,255(3-4):1210-1218.
[5]Xu X N,Hirata E,Enoki T,et al.Leaf litter decomposition and nutrient dynamics in a subtropical forest after typhoon disturbance[J].Plant Ecology,2004,173(2):161-170.
[6]Bai Y F,Wu J G,Clark C M,et al.Tradeoffs and thresholds in the effects of nitrogen addition on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning:evidence from Inner Mongolia Grasslands[J].Global Change Biology,2010,16(1):358-372.
[7]卢广超,邵怡若,薛立.氮沉降对凋落物分解的影响研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2014,27(1):35-42.
[8]Luca B,Alexandre B,Jonathan H,et al.High nitrogen deposition alters the decomposition of bog plant litter and reduces carbon accumulation[J].Global Change Biology,2012,18(3):1163-1172.
[9]郭春兰,方向民,李佩擎,等.毛竹原状和粉状叶片分解特征对施氮和温度的响应[J].林业科学研究,2016,29(5):719-725.
[10]Knops J H,Naeem S,Reich P M.The impact of elevated CO2,increased nitrogen availability and biodiversity on plant tissue quality and decomposition[J].Global Change Biology,2007,13(9):1960-1971.
[11]陈翔,周梅,魏江生,等.模拟氮沉降对兴安落叶松林凋落物分解的影响[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(9):1496-1503.
[12]汪金松,王晨,赵秀海,等.模拟氮沉降对油松林单一及混合叶凋落物分解的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2015,37(10):14-21.
[13]涂利华,胡红玲,胡庭兴,等.华西雨屏区亮叶桦凋落叶分解对模拟氮沉降的响应[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(2):99-108.
[14]Mo J M,Brown S,Xue J H,et al.Response of Litter Decomposition to Simulated N Deposition in Disturbed,Rehabilitated and Mature Forests in Subtropical China[J].Plant and Soil,2006,282(1-2):135-151.
[15]Marklein A R,Houlton B Z.Nitrogen inputs accelerate phosphorus cycling rates across a wide variety of terrestrial ecosystems[J].New Phytologist,2012,193(3):696-704.
[16]Peuelas J,Sardans J,Rivas-ubach A,et al.The human-induced imbalance between C,N and P in Earth's life system[J].Global Change Biology,2012,18(1):3-6.
[17]弓晓静,余明泉,胡小飞,等.氮磷添加对红壤区城郊湿地松林凋落叶分解的影响[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(12):2327-2333.
[18]Liu Z F,Fu B J,Zheng X X,et al.Plant biomass,soil water content and soil N:P ratio regulating soil microbial functional diversity in a temperate steppe:A regional scale study[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2010,42(3):445-450.
[19]蔡金桓,王卓敏,薛立,等.外源性氮和磷对藜蒴林凋落叶分解的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,36(7):105-111.
[20]Qualls R G,Richardson C J.Phosphorus enrichment affects litter decomposition,immobilization,and soil microbial phosphorus in wetland mesocosms[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2000,64(2):799-808.
[21]Liu L,Gundersen P,Zhang T,et al.Effects of phosphorus addition on soil microbial biomass and community composition in three forest types in tropical China[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2012,44(1):31-38.
[22]De Busk W F,Reddy K R.Turnover of detrital organic carbon in a nutrient impacted Everglades marsh[J].Soil Science Society of America,1998,62(5):1460-1468.
[23]Kozovits A R,Bustamante M M C,Garofalo C R,et al.Nutrient resorption and patterns of litter production and decomposition in a Neotropical Savanna[J].Functional Ecology,2007,21(6):1034-1043.
[24]邹碧,李志安,丁永祯,等.南亚热带4种人工林凋落物动态特征[J].生态学报,2006,26(3):715-721.
[25]薛立;何跃君;屈明,等.华南典型人工林凋落物的持水特性[J].植物生态学报,2005,29(3):415-421.
[26]中国土壤学会.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000
[27]刘彩霞,焦如珍,董玉红,等.杉木林土壤微生物区系对短期模拟氮沉降的响应[J].林业科学研究,2015,28(2):271-276.
[28]李英滨,李琪,杨俊杰,等.模拟氮沉降对温带草原凋落物质量的影响[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(10):2732-2737.
[29]Knorr M,Frey S D,Curtis P S.Nitrogen additions and litter decomposition:a meta-analysis[J].Ecology,2005,86(12):3252-3257.
[30]Liu L,Gundersen P,Zhang T,et al.Effects of phosphorus addition on soil microbial biomass and community composition in three forest types in tropical China[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2012,44(1):31-38.
[31]Chen Y,Fan J B,Du L,et al.The application of phosphate solubilizing endophyte Pantoea dispersa triggers the microbial community in red acidic soil[J].Applied Soil Ecolgy,2014,84:235-244.
[32]Chen Y,Sun T T,Qian H Y,et al.Nitrogen mineralization as a result of phosphorus supplementation in long-term phosphate deficient soil[J].Applied Soil Ecolgy,2016,106:24-32.
[33]陈昊.氮磷添加对亚热带北部常绿阔叶林落叶分解及其养分释放的影响[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2013.
[34]李文亚.贝加尔针茅草原凋落物分解对氮磷添加的响应[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2016.
[35]李茂,徐俊,田地,等.氮磷添加对苦槠次生林凋落物量及其养分动态的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(19):7-13.
[36]Jacobson T K B,Bustamante M M C,Kozovits A R.Diversity of shrub tree layer,leaf litter decomposition and N release in a Brazilian Cerrado under N,P and N plus P additions[J].Environmental Pollution,2011,159(10):2236-2242.
[37]吕妍,郑泽梅,美丽班·马木提,等.增施氮磷肥对木荷林凋落物生产量及其养分的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(11):3027-3034.
[38]廖利平,高洪,汪思龙,等.外加氮源对杉木叶凋落物分解及土壤养分淋失的影响[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(1):34-39.
[39]李淑兰,陈永亮.不同落叶林林下凋落物的分解与养分归还[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2004,28(5):59-62.
[40]Prescott C E,Kabzems R,Zabek L M.Effects of fertilization on decomposition rate of Populus tremuloides foliar litter in a boreal forest[J].Canadian Journal of Forestry Research,1999,29(3):393-397.
[41]Berg B and Ekbohm G.Litter mass-loss rates and decomposition patterns in some needle and leaf litter types.Long-term decomposition in a Scotspine forest[J].Canadian Journal of Botany,1991,69(7):1449-1456.
[42]董喜光,张越,薛立,等.火力楠林的土壤特性对外源性N和P的响应[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,35(9):104-108,113.
[43]Yang J X,Zhang T,Wu D X.Study on effect of phosphorus nutrition on drought resistance of plants[J].Trace Elem Sci,2003,10(12):13-19.