基于PLC控制的单通道水肥灌溉系统构建与决策方法
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摘要
针对在传统农业生产区面临的农业设施基础建设程度低及专业化人才短缺的问题,开发了一套单通道水肥灌溉系统,并嵌入了基于土壤含水量和光累积辐射的水肥耦合综合决策控制方法,由原液组件、灌溉首部及控制单元3个部分组成。硬件部分,以可编程控制器(PLC)作为控制核心,利用控制面板上多个旋钮组合,实现水肥的多层次耦合供给。软件部分,利用双因子条件启动方法及基于水分传感器的控制方法,综合进行灌溉决策;利用PID控制原理,进行灌溉液EC值的动态调控。系统有手动和自动2种工作模式,相较传统施肥机,取消了本地上位机,免除了繁琐的触摸设置过程,避免了触摸屏在高温高湿温室环境中的故障事件,提高了系统鲁棒性;同时,配置的自动灌溉方法将传统大水大肥的灌溉模式替换为少量多次的水肥耦合供液模式,解放了劳动力,减少了水分渗漏,提高了水分利用效率。在实际的推广应用中,该系统安装方便、功能实用,适用于塑料大棚、日光温室等节本投入土壤栽培,符合当前传统农业发展需求。
Promoting integrated irrigation technology of water and fertilizer in the Northwest China is important.But considering the problems about the low level of infrastructure construction and the shortage of specialized talents,the integrated water and fertilization irrigation system of single channel was developed in this study,as well as a control schedule about water and fertilizer coupling,which embedded irrigation strategy based on soil moisture and cumulative radiation.The system was composed of dope bucket,irrigation head and control unit.For the hardware,Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)and multiple knobs on the panel were used to realize multi-level coupling supply of water and fertilizer.For the software,on one side,the comprehensive control method based on dualfactor conditional activation and water sensor was used to realize automatic irrigation;on the other side,adjusted EC value of irrigation solution applying PID principle.The system can work in manual mode or in automatic mode,eliminating the local upper computer and the cumbersome touch setting process.Compared with traditional fertilizer applicators,the robustness of the system was higher due to avoidance of fault events of the touch screen in greenhouse with a high temperature and high humidity environment.Meanwhile,the configured automatic irrigation method replaced the traditional irrigation mode of excessive water and fertilizer with a small number of water-fertilizer coupling supply mode,with an effect of liberating the labor force,reducing water leakage,and increasing water use efficiency.To sum up,in the actual promotion,the system was easy to install,functional and practical,and were suitable for plastic cultivation,solar greenhouses and other cost-effective soil cultivation,in line with the current needs of the development of traditional agriculture.
Promoting integrated irrigation technology of water and fertilizer in the Northwest China is important.But considering the problems about the low level of infrastructure construction and the shortage of specialized talents,the integrated water and fertilization irrigation system of single channel was developed in this study,as well as a control schedule about water and fertilizer coupling,which embedded irrigation strategy based on soil moisture and cumulative radiation.The system was composed of dope bucket,irrigation head and control unit.For the hardware,Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)and multiple knobs on the panel were used to realize multi-level coupling supply of water and fertilizer.For the software,on one side,the comprehensive control method based on dualfactor conditional activation and water sensor was used to realize automatic irrigation;on the other side,adjusted EC value of irrigation solution applying PID principle.The system can work in manual mode or in automatic mode,eliminating the local upper computer and the cumbersome touch setting process.Compared with traditional fertilizer applicators,the robustness of the system was higher due to avoidance of fault events of the touch screen in greenhouse with a high temperature and high humidity environment.Meanwhile,the configured automatic irrigation method replaced the traditional irrigation mode of excessive water and fertilizer with a small number of water-fertilizer coupling supply mode,with an effect of liberating the labor force,reducing water leakage,and increasing water use efficiency.To sum up,in the actual promotion,the system was easy to install,functional and practical,and were suitable for plastic cultivation,solar greenhouses and other cost-effective soil cultivation,in line with the current needs of the development of traditional agriculture.
引文
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[2]张鲁吉,王昊.节水灌溉技术在农田水利工程中的应用[J].吉林农业,2018(7):80.
[3]周莹,尚志强,贾彪.西北地区水资源现状及存在的问题[J].内蒙古水利,2012(4):37-39.
[4]国务院办公厅:印发《国家农业节水纲要》[J].中国招标,2012,50:55.
[5]农业部发布《水肥一体化技术指导意见》[J].中国农技推广,2013,29(3):20-22.
[6]邹志荣.西北地区设施园艺科技发展报告[C].哈尔滨:全国农用塑料设施大棚、温室栽培技术交流会,2015:4.
[7]张立勤,车宗贤,崔云玲.甘肃灌区水肥一体化技术应用现状及发展对策[J].甘肃农业科技,2017(3):66-70.
[8]马莉,吴玉秀.水肥一体化技术在新疆滴灌苜蓿生产中的应用[J].安徽农业科学,2018,46(4):188-190.
[9]杨玉萍,李锁利,赵怡红,等.岐山县设施大棚西瓜水肥一体化应用效果试验[J].基层农技推广,2016,4(9):16-18.
[10]穆德智·塔林葛娃.青海省科技厅检查省农林科学院土肥所万亩枸杞水肥一体化示范基地[J].青海农林科技,2015(3):2,105-106.
[11]李俊,李建明,曹凯,等.西北地区设施农业研究现状及存在的问题[J].中国蔬菜,2013(6):24-29.
[12]师志刚,刘群昌,白美健,等.压力管道输水灌溉优化设计研究进展[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2017,15(1):1-7,38.