乌梁素海疣鼻天鹅迁徙行为和种群数量调查研究
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摘要
2014年10月至2016年11月,对内蒙古乌梁素海疣鼻天鹅种群的迁徙时间、迁徙行为和种群数量进行观察统计.结果显示:春季(3月中旬至4月上旬)成体和亚成体集小群分批迁来;秋季(11月上旬至下旬)成体、幼体和亚成体集大群分批迁离;亚成体春季迁来后离开繁殖成体单独成群活动;2015和2016年春季种群数量分别为153和132只,2014、2015和2016年秋季种群数量分别为411、302和281只,数量呈逐年减少趋势,迁徙期间应采取相应的保护管理措施.
An observational study on the migratory time,migratory behavior and population quantity of Mute Swan was conducted in Inner Mongolia Wuliangsuhai from October 2014 to November 2016.The results indicated that:in spring,the adult and subadult Mute Swans arrived in Wuliangsuhai in small groups from mid-March to early April.In autumn,the adult,young,and subadult Mute Swans left in big groups from early to late November.The subadult Mute Swans separated from breeding adults and clustered independently soon after arrival.In spring 2015 and 2016,the population number was 153 and 132 respectively,and in autumn 2014,2015 and 2016,the population number was 411,302 and 281 respectively,decreasing generally in recent three years.Related protective measures should be taken during the migration period of Mute Swan.
An observational study on the migratory time,migratory behavior and population quantity of Mute Swan was conducted in Inner Mongolia Wuliangsuhai from October 2014 to November 2016.The results indicated that:in spring,the adult and subadult Mute Swans arrived in Wuliangsuhai in small groups from mid-March to early April.In autumn,the adult,young,and subadult Mute Swans left in big groups from early to late November.The subadult Mute Swans separated from breeding adults and clustered independently soon after arrival.In spring 2015 and 2016,the population number was 153 and 132 respectively,and in autumn 2014,2015 and 2016,the population number was 411,302 and 281 respectively,decreasing generally in recent three years.Related protective measures should be taken during the migration period of Mute Swan.
引文
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[2]张荫荪,唐瑞惠,马学宽,等.内蒙古乌梁素海地区鸭类的初步调查[J].动物学杂志,1963,5(3):120-122.
[3]郑作新.中国鸟类分布名录[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,1976:45-46.
[4]邱兆祉.乌梁素海的鸟类[C]//乌梁素海、哈素海渔业资源考察论文集.天津:南开大学出版社,1986:65-71.
[5]邢莲莲,杨贵生,张永让,等.内蒙古乌梁素海鸟类区系及生态分布的研究[J].内蒙古大学学报:自然科学版,1988,19(3):524-534.
[6]邢莲莲,杨贵生.乌梁素海鸟类志[M].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学出版社,1996:16-18.
[7]潘艳秋,邢莲莲,杨贵生.近十年来乌梁素海湿地鸟类区系演变初探[J].内蒙古大学学报:自然科学版,2006,3(2):170-174.
[8]李霞.乌梁素海湿地雁鸭类资源、迁徙动态及疣鼻天鹅繁殖生态学研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学生命科学与技术学院,2010.
[9]赵格日乐图,布特根,李国海,等.达赉湖自然保护区疣鼻天鹅繁殖行为初步观察[J].动物学杂志,2008,43(3):60-64.
[10]赵格日乐图,刘松涛,格日乐朝克图,等.疣鼻天鹅的分布、迁徙及其保护——以达赉湖自然保护区为例[J].干旱区研究,2009,26(1):78-81.
[11]赵格日乐图,苏日娜.疣鼻天鹅(Cygnus olor)研究进展[J].内蒙古师范大学学报:自然科学汉文版,2016,45(1):76-79.
[12]李畅游,史小红.乌梁素海沉积物环境地球化学特征研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2014:12-19.