川中地区须家河组天然气氢同位素特征及其对水体咸化的指示意义
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摘要
通过对四川盆地川中地区须家河组天然气的组分和碳氢同位素分析,结合前人对川西和川南地区须家河组及四川盆地其他层系天然气研究成果和区域地质背景,开展天然气成因和来源、氢同位素特征与指示意义等研究。结果表明,川中地区须家河组天然气以烃类气体为主,甲烷含量为67.89%～98.05%,重烃气(C_(2~+))含量为0.42%～16.62%,非烃气体(CO_2、N_2)含量较低,除岳121井N_2和CO_2含量较高外,N_2含量平均值为0.82%,CO_2含量平均值为0.26%。元坝须家河组天然气干燥系数平均高达0.991,为干气;川中其他地区须家河组天然气干燥系数皆小于0.95,为湿气。天然气δ~(13)C_1值介于-43.8‰～-29.2‰之间,δ~(13 )C_2值介于-33.5‰～-20.7‰之间,δ~(13 )C_3值介于-33.6‰～-19.3‰之间,δ~(13 )C_4值介于为-27.2‰～-22.2‰之间;天然气δD_1值介于-191‰～-148‰之间,δD_2值介于-165‰～-115‰之间,δD_3值介于-153‰～-107‰之间。甲烷及其同系物(C_(2-4))基本上为碳氢同位素正序排列(δ~(13 )C_1<δ~(13 )C_2<δ~(13 )C_3<δ~(13 )C_4、δD_1<δD_2<δD_3),与典型的有机成因烷烃气碳氢同位素特征一致。元坝须家河组天然气成熟度R_O值为1.09%～1.78%,川中其他地区须家河组天然气成熟度R_O值为0.64%～0.92%。川中须家河组天然气主要为来自须家河组煤系源岩的煤成气,元坝须二段天然气为来自须家河组煤系源岩的高成熟煤成气混入下寒武统(及下志留统)原油裂解气的混合气。四川盆地须家河组天然气甲烷δD值偏高,都大于-200‰。与来自淡水湖沼相烃源岩的吐哈盆地台北凹陷的煤成气相比,尽管两者成熟度相近,但甲烷δD值差异高达90‰,说明须家河组煤系源岩形成于水体咸化的沉积环境。
Based on the analysis of the components and carbon and hydrogen isotopes of gases from the Triassic Xujiahe and other formations in the Sichuan Basin,the gas origin,gas source and significance of hydrogen isotopes are studied by combining previous research results and regional geological background.The results show that gas from the Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin is mainly hydrocarbon gas.The content of methane is 67.89% -98.05%,and the content of heavy hydrocarbon(C_(2~+))is 0.42%-16.62%.The content of non-hydrocarbon gas(CO_2,N_2)is low.Except the relatively high content of N_2 and CO_2 in the Well Yue121,the average content of N_2 is 0.82%and the average value of CO_2 is 0.26%.Gas from the Xujiahe Formation in Yuanba has average dryness coefficient as high as 0.991,which indicates the gas belongs to dry gas.While,gases from the Xujiahe Formation in other areas in the Central Sichuan Basin have dryness coefficient less than 0.95,indicative of wet gas.The δ~(13)C_1 value varies from -43.8‰to-29.2‰,δ~(13)C_2 value ranges from -33.5‰to-20.7‰, δ~(13)C_3 value is from -33.6‰ to -19.3‰ andδ~(13)C_4 value is from-27.2‰ to-22.2‰.TheδD1 value is from-191‰ to-148‰,δD_2 value is from -165‰ to -115‰and δD_3 value is from -153‰ to -107‰.Methane and its homologues(C2-4)become more enriched in ~(13)C and D with increasing carbon number( δ~(13)C_1<δ~(13)C_2< δ~(13)C_3<δ~(13)C_4,δD_1<δD_2<δD_3),which are consistent with the carbon and hydrogen isotopic characteristics of thermogenic gases.The thermal maturity R_Oof natural gas from Xujiahe Formation in Yuanba is 1.09%-1.78%,and the R_O of the natural gas from Xujiahe Formation in other areas of Central Sichuan Basin is 0.64%-0.92%.Natural gas from the Xujiahe Formation in the central Sichuan Basin is mainly from the coal measure source rocks of the Xujiahe Formation.Natural gas from the 2~(nd) member of Xujiahe Formation in Yuanba is mixed gas,a mixture of the high-mature coal-derived gas from the coal measure source rock of Xujiahe Formation and the Lower Cambrian(Lower Silurian)oil-cracked gas.The δD of methane from the Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin is relatively high,higher than -200‰.Compared to the coal-derived gas from the source rocks formed in limnetic facies with freshwater in the Taibei Sag,Turpan-Hami Basin,though at similar thermal maturity,the difference of the δD of methane can be as high as 90‰,indicating that the source rock of Xujiahe Formation is formed in an environment with water salinization.
Based on the analysis of the components and carbon and hydrogen isotopes of gases from the Triassic Xujiahe and other formations in the Sichuan Basin,the gas origin,gas source and significance of hydrogen isotopes are studied by combining previous research results and regional geological background.The results show that gas from the Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin is mainly hydrocarbon gas.The content of methane is 67.89% -98.05%,and the content of heavy hydrocarbon(C_(2~+))is 0.42%-16.62%.The content of non-hydrocarbon gas(CO_2,N_2)is low.Except the relatively high content of N_2 and CO_2 in the Well Yue121,the average content of N_2 is 0.82%and the average value of CO_2 is 0.26%.Gas from the Xujiahe Formation in Yuanba has average dryness coefficient as high as 0.991,which indicates the gas belongs to dry gas.While,gases from the Xujiahe Formation in other areas in the Central Sichuan Basin have dryness coefficient less than 0.95,indicative of wet gas.The δ~(13)C_1 value varies from -43.8‰to-29.2‰,δ~(13)C_2 value ranges from -33.5‰to-20.7‰, δ~(13)C_3 value is from -33.6‰ to -19.3‰ andδ~(13)C_4 value is from-27.2‰ to-22.2‰.TheδD1 value is from-191‰ to-148‰,δD_2 value is from -165‰ to -115‰and δD_3 value is from -153‰ to -107‰.Methane and its homologues(C2-4)become more enriched in ~(13)C and D with increasing carbon number( δ~(13)C_1<δ~(13)C_2< δ~(13)C_3<δ~(13)C_4,δD_1<δD_2<δD_3),which are consistent with the carbon and hydrogen isotopic characteristics of thermogenic gases.The thermal maturity R_Oof natural gas from Xujiahe Formation in Yuanba is 1.09%-1.78%,and the R_O of the natural gas from Xujiahe Formation in other areas of Central Sichuan Basin is 0.64%-0.92%.Natural gas from the Xujiahe Formation in the central Sichuan Basin is mainly from the coal measure source rocks of the Xujiahe Formation.Natural gas from the 2~(nd) member of Xujiahe Formation in Yuanba is mixed gas,a mixture of the high-mature coal-derived gas from the coal measure source rock of Xujiahe Formation and the Lower Cambrian(Lower Silurian)oil-cracked gas.The δD of methane from the Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin is relatively high,higher than -200‰.Compared to the coal-derived gas from the source rocks formed in limnetic facies with freshwater in the Taibei Sag,Turpan-Hami Basin,though at similar thermal maturity,the difference of the δD of methane can be as high as 90‰,indicating that the source rock of Xujiahe Formation is formed in an environment with water salinization.
引文
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