北京山区侧柏林蒸散拆分研究
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摘要
以北京山区广泛分布的侧柏林为研究对象,分别采用水文学实测法(树干液流计结合大型蒸渗仪)和稳定同位素法对林分蒸散量进行定量拆分研究。结果表明:(1)在日尺度上,该林分的蒸散量和蒸腾量均显现为"单峰"型的变化曲线。林分总的蒸散量和蒸腾量均在正午前后达到最大值,分别为1.27,1.13 mm/h;(2)实测法和稳定同位素法对侧柏林蒸腾量占总蒸散量的计算结果分别为80.21%～89.63%和79.10%～98.71%。相比水文学实测法,稳定同位素法在小时尺度上误差为(3.97±3.53)%,而在日尺度上误差为(1.89±0.67)%。该林分蒸散主要来自于植被蒸腾,林木蒸腾耗水远大于土壤蒸发耗水。
Taking the Platycladus orientalis forest distributed widely in Beijing mountain area as research object, the evapotranspiration of the stand was quantitatively separated by two methods, which were hydrological measurement method(sap flow sluice combined with large-scale lysimeter) and stable isotope. The results showed that:(1) On the daily scale, the evapotranspiration and transpiration of the stand both showed "single peak" type curves. The total evapotranspiration and transpiration of the stand reached the maximum values around noon, which was 1.27 mm/h and 1.13 mm/h, respectively.(2) The proportion of transpiration to total evapotranspiration calculated by the measured method and the stable isotope method was 80.21%～89.63% and 79.10%～98.71%, respectively. Compared with the measured values, the error of the stable isotope method was(3.97±3.53)% on the hourly scale, and was(1.89±0.67)% on the daily scale. The evapotranspiration of this stand was mainly from the transpiration of vegetation, and the water consumption of forest transpiration was far greater than that of soil evaporation.
Taking the Platycladus orientalis forest distributed widely in Beijing mountain area as research object, the evapotranspiration of the stand was quantitatively separated by two methods, which were hydrological measurement method(sap flow sluice combined with large-scale lysimeter) and stable isotope. The results showed that:(1) On the daily scale, the evapotranspiration and transpiration of the stand both showed "single peak" type curves. The total evapotranspiration and transpiration of the stand reached the maximum values around noon, which was 1.27 mm/h and 1.13 mm/h, respectively.(2) The proportion of transpiration to total evapotranspiration calculated by the measured method and the stable isotope method was 80.21%～89.63% and 79.10%～98.71%, respectively. Compared with the measured values, the error of the stable isotope method was(3.97±3.53)% on the hourly scale, and was(1.89±0.67)% on the daily scale. The evapotranspiration of this stand was mainly from the transpiration of vegetation, and the water consumption of forest transpiration was far greater than that of soil evaporation.
引文
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[20] 温学发,张世春,孙晓敏,等.叶片水H218O富集的研究进展[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(4):961-966.
[21] 孙守家,孟平,张劲松,等.华北低丘山区栓皮栎生态系统氧同位素日变化及蒸散定量区分[J].生态学报,2015, 35(8):2592-2601.
[22] 袁国富,张娜,孙晓敏,等.利用原位连续测定水汽δ18O值和Keeling Plot方法区分麦田蒸散组分[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(2):170-178.
[23] 刘璐,贾国栋,余新晓,等.北京山区侧柏林生长旺季蒸散组分δ18O日变化及其定量区分[J].北京林业大学学报,2017,39(12):61-70.
[24] Lee X H, Kim K, Smith R. Temporal variations of the 18O/16O signal of the whole-canopy transpiration in a temperate forest[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2007,21(3):130-144.
[25] Good S P, Soderberg K, Wang L X, et al. Uncertainties in the assessment of the isotopic composition of surface fluxes: A direct comparison of techniques using laser-based water vapor isotope analyzers[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2012,117(D15). doi:10.1029/2011JD017168.
[26] Zhang Y, Yu X X, Chen L H, et al. Comparison of the partitioning of evapotranspiration-numerical modeling with different isotopic models using various kinetic fractionation coefficients[J].Plant and Soil,2018,430(1/2):307-328.
[2] Jiang X, Kang S, Li F, et al. Evapotranspiration partitioning and variation of sap flow in female and male parents of maize for hybrid seed production in arid region[J].Agricultural Water Management,2016,176:132-141.
[3] 路倩倩,何洪林,朱先进,等.中国东部典型森林生态系统蒸散及其组分变异规律研究[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(9):1436-1448.
[4] 涂洁,刘琪璟,李海涛,等.江西千烟洲湿地松生长旺季树干液流动态及影响因素分析[J].林业科学,2008(1):46-51.
[5] Stannard D I, Weltz M A. Partitioning evapotranspiration in sparsely vegetated rangeland using a portable chamber[J].Water Resources Research,2006,42(2):262-275.
[6] Wilson B K, Paul J H, Patrick J M, et al. A comparison of methods for determining forest evapotranspiration and its components: Sap-flow, soil water budget, eddy covariance and catchment water balance[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2001,106(2):153-168.
[7] 莫兴国,薛玲,林忠辉.华北平原1981—2001年作物蒸散量的时空分异特征[J].自然资源学报,2005,20(2):181-187.
[8] Hu Z M, Yu G R, Zhou Y L, et al. Partitioning of evapotranspiration and its controls in four grassland ecosystems: Application of a two-source model[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2009,149(9):1410-1420.
[9] 魏焕奇,何洪林,刘敏,等.基于遥感的千烟洲人工林蒸散及其组分模拟研究[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(5):778-789.
[10] 孙伟,林光辉,陈世苹,等.稳定性同位素技术与Keeling曲线法在陆地生态系统碳/水交换研究中的应用[J].植物生态学报,2005,29(5):851-862.
[11] Sun S J, Meng P, Zhang J S, et al.Partitioning oak woodland evapotranspiration in the rocky mountainous area of North China was disturbed by foreign vapor, as estimated based on non-steady[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2014,184:36-47.
[12] Wang P, Yamanaka T, Li X Y, et al. Partitioning evapotranspiration in a temperate grassland ecosystem, numerical modeling with isotopic tracers[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2015,208:16-31.
[13] 石俊杰.利用同位素原位监测技术分割农田蒸散研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.
[14] 张永娥,余新晓,陈丽华,等.北京山区油松林蒸散组分δ18O的确定及定量区分[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(1):122-126.
[15] Ringgaard R, Herbst M, Friborg T. Partitioning of forest evapotranspiration, the impact of edge effects and canopy structure[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2012,166/167:86-97.
[16] Yakir D, Sternberg L D S L. The use of stable isotopes to study ecosystem gas exchange[J].Oecologia,2000,123(3):297-311.
[17] Yepez E A, Williams D G, Scott R L, et al. Partitioning overstory and understory evapotranspiration in a semiarid savanna woodland from the isotopic composition of water vapor[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2003,119(1/2):53-68.
[18] Williams D G, Cable W, Hultine K, et al. Evapotranspiration components determined by stable isotope,sap flow and eddy covariance techniques[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2004,125(3/4):241-258.
[19] 胡海英,包为民,瞿思敏,等.稳定性氢氧同位素在水体蒸发中的研究进展[J].水文,2007,27(3):1-5.
[20] 温学发,张世春,孙晓敏,等.叶片水H218O富集的研究进展[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(4):961-966.
[21] 孙守家,孟平,张劲松,等.华北低丘山区栓皮栎生态系统氧同位素日变化及蒸散定量区分[J].生态学报,2015, 35(8):2592-2601.
[22] 袁国富,张娜,孙晓敏,等.利用原位连续测定水汽δ18O值和Keeling Plot方法区分麦田蒸散组分[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(2):170-178.
[23] 刘璐,贾国栋,余新晓,等.北京山区侧柏林生长旺季蒸散组分δ18O日变化及其定量区分[J].北京林业大学学报,2017,39(12):61-70.
[24] Lee X H, Kim K, Smith R. Temporal variations of the 18O/16O signal of the whole-canopy transpiration in a temperate forest[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2007,21(3):130-144.
[25] Good S P, Soderberg K, Wang L X, et al. Uncertainties in the assessment of the isotopic composition of surface fluxes: A direct comparison of techniques using laser-based water vapor isotope analyzers[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2012,117(D15). doi:10.1029/2011JD017168.
[26] Zhang Y, Yu X X, Chen L H, et al. Comparison of the partitioning of evapotranspiration-numerical modeling with different isotopic models using various kinetic fractionation coefficients[J].Plant and Soil,2018,430(1/2):307-328.