张家口-怀来地区下马岭组页岩气储层与资源潜力评价
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摘要
为研究张家口-怀来地区下马岭组页岩气储层有机地球化学特征和物性特征,并对该区资源潜力进行精细评价,以研究区暗色页岩为研究对象,综合运用有机地球化学、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、高压压汞、低温液氮和等温吸附等实验方法,对页岩气储层特征和资源潜力进行评价,指明勘探方向。结果表明:下马岭组岩性主要为黑色页岩、砂质页岩和粉砂岩,其中,三段和四段为富有机质页岩层段,累计厚度约为80~110 m,埋藏深度约为1 000~2 500 m;有机质类型以Ⅰ型为主,部分为Ⅱ1型,有机质含量平均为2. 12%,有机质成熟度为0. 69%~1. 90%,主要处于低成熟阶段,其高值已进入热解生气阶段;矿物组成以石英和黏土矿物为主,分别占59. 9%和36. 0%,主要发育溶蚀孔、粒间孔、层间孔和微裂隙,孔隙度平均为2. 71%,孔径平均为4. 33 nm,孔体积和比表面积分别为0. 012 cm~3/g和7. 020 m~2/g,渗透率为1. 932×10~(-7)μm~2,总含气量平均为3. 02 m~3/t;下马岭组页岩埋藏深度适中,有效厚度大,生烃潜力高,储层物性较好,具备页岩气成藏的基础条件,为Ⅰ、Ⅱ类储层;估算地质资源量为1 753. 68×10~8m~3,资源丰度为5. 83×10~8m~3/km~2,资源潜力较高,具备商业开发潜力。因受限于较低的成熟度和渗透率,"低中寻高"并采用经济有效的压裂增产措施是下马岭组页岩气勘探开发突破的关键。研究成果可为下马岭组页岩气勘探开发提供有益参考。
The organic geochemical and physical properties of the Xiamaling shale gas reservoir in Zhangjiakou-Huailai are analyzed to further evaluate its resource potential. Organic geochemistry,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,high pressure mercury intrusion,low temperature liquid nitrogen and isothermal adsorption are comprehensively used to study the black shale in this area and evaluate the reservoir properties and resource potential and indicate subsequent exploration program. Result indicates that the lithology of the Xiamaling shale formation is dominated by black shale,sandy shale and siltstone. The Xiamaling3 and Xiamaling4 Members are considered as organic-rich shale intervals with a cumulative thickness of about 80 ~ 110 m and a buried depth of 1 000 ~ 2 500 m.The organic matter mainly consists of Type-Ⅰ and a part of Type-Ⅱ. The average organic matter content is 2.12%with a maturity of 0. 69%,which indicates low maturity stage and the high value has stepped into pyrolysis gas phase. The mineral is mainly composed by quartz and clay minerals,which account for 59. 9% and 36. 0% respectively. The reservoir space includes dissolution pore,intergranular pore,interlayer pore and micro-crack. The reservoir porosity is 2. 71% with an average pore diameter of 4. 33 nm. The pore volume and specific surface area are 0. 012 cm~3/g and 7. 020 m~2/g respectively. The reservoir permeability is 1. 932×10~(-7)μm~2 and the total gas content is 3. 02 m~3/t. The Xiamaling shale formation is characterized by medium buried depth,large effective thickness,high hydrocarbon generation potential and high physical reservoir quality,which is favorable for shale gas accumulation and is considered as Type-Ⅰ to Type-Ⅱ reservoir. The estimated geological resource is 1 753. 68×10~8 m~3 with a resource abundance of 5. 83×10~8 m~3/km~2,which shows high resource potential for commercial development. Due to the limitation of relatively low maturity and reservoir permeability,Optimization high-quality in Low quality reservoirs and cost-effective fracturing stimulation measures are considered as the key aspects to breakthrough in the shale gas exploration and development of Xiamaling shale formation. This research could provide certain reference for the shale gas exploration and development in Xiamaling Formation.
The organic geochemical and physical properties of the Xiamaling shale gas reservoir in Zhangjiakou-Huailai are analyzed to further evaluate its resource potential. Organic geochemistry,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,high pressure mercury intrusion,low temperature liquid nitrogen and isothermal adsorption are comprehensively used to study the black shale in this area and evaluate the reservoir properties and resource potential and indicate subsequent exploration program. Result indicates that the lithology of the Xiamaling shale formation is dominated by black shale,sandy shale and siltstone. The Xiamaling3 and Xiamaling4 Members are considered as organic-rich shale intervals with a cumulative thickness of about 80 ~ 110 m and a buried depth of 1 000 ~ 2 500 m.The organic matter mainly consists of Type-Ⅰ and a part of Type-Ⅱ. The average organic matter content is 2.12%with a maturity of 0. 69%,which indicates low maturity stage and the high value has stepped into pyrolysis gas phase. The mineral is mainly composed by quartz and clay minerals,which account for 59. 9% and 36. 0% respectively. The reservoir space includes dissolution pore,intergranular pore,interlayer pore and micro-crack. The reservoir porosity is 2. 71% with an average pore diameter of 4. 33 nm. The pore volume and specific surface area are 0. 012 cm~3/g and 7. 020 m~2/g respectively. The reservoir permeability is 1. 932×10~(-7)μm~2 and the total gas content is 3. 02 m~3/t. The Xiamaling shale formation is characterized by medium buried depth,large effective thickness,high hydrocarbon generation potential and high physical reservoir quality,which is favorable for shale gas accumulation and is considered as Type-Ⅰ to Type-Ⅱ reservoir. The estimated geological resource is 1 753. 68×10~8 m~3 with a resource abundance of 5. 83×10~8 m~3/km~2,which shows high resource potential for commercial development. Due to the limitation of relatively low maturity and reservoir permeability,Optimization high-quality in Low quality reservoirs and cost-effective fracturing stimulation measures are considered as the key aspects to breakthrough in the shale gas exploration and development of Xiamaling shale formation. This research could provide certain reference for the shale gas exploration and development in Xiamaling Formation.
引文
[1]范文博.华北克拉通中元古代下马岭组地质特征及研究进展——下马岭组研究百年回眸[J].地质论评,2015,61(6):1383-1406.
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[8]谢柳娟,孙永革,杨中威,等.华北张家口地区中元古界下马岭组页岩生烃演化特征及其油气地质意义[J].中国科学:D辑地球科学,2013,43(9):1436-1444.
[9]刘岩,钟宁宁,田永晶,等.中国最老古油藏——中元古界下马岭组沥青砂岩古油藏[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(4):503-512.
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[12]霍多特B B.煤与瓦斯突出[M].宋士钊,王佑,译.北京:中国工业出版社,1966:19-28.
[13]李武广,杨胜来,陈峰,等.温度对页岩吸附解吸的敏感性研究[J].矿物岩石,2012,32(2):115-120.
[14]李延钧,刘欢,刘家霞,等.页岩气地质选区及资源潜力评价方法[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,33(2):28-34.
[15]涂乙,邹海燕,孟海平,等.页岩气评价标准与储层分类[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(1):153-158.
[16]郭旭升,胡东风,文治东,等.四川盆地及周缘下古生界海相页岩气富集高产主控因素——以焦石坝地区五峰组—龙马溪组为例[J].中国地质,2014,41(3):893-901.
[17]张金川,姜生玲,唐玄,等.我国页岩气富集类型及资源特点[J].天然气工业,2009,29(12):109-114.
[18]陈尚斌,朱炎铭,王红岩,等.四川盆地南缘下志留统龙马溪组页岩气储层矿物成分特征及意义[J].石油学报,2011,32(5):775-782.
[19] CHEN S,HAN Y,FU C,et al. Micro and nano-size pores of clay minerals in shale reservoirs:Implication for the accumulation of shale gas[J]. Sedimentary Geology.2016,342:180-190.
[20]邹才能.非常规油气地质[M].北京:地质出版社,2011:285.
[2]刘清俊,柯柏林,林海亮,等.北京地区中元古界下马岭组页岩气形成条件[J].地质科技情报,2014,33(2):92-97.
[3]张路锁,常明华.河北省页岩气地质条件评价[J].中国煤炭地质,2014,26(3):23-26,31.
[4]牛露,朱如凯,王莉森,等.华北地区北部中—上元古界泥页岩储层特征及页岩气资源潜力[J].石油学报,2015,36(6):664-672,698.
[5]荆铁亚,杨光,林拓,等.中国中上元古界页岩气地质特征及有利区预测[J].特种油气藏,2015,22(6):5-9.
[6]边立曾,张水昌,张宝民,等.河北张家口下花园地区新元古代下马岭组油页岩中的红藻化石[J].微体古生物学报,2005,22(3):209-216.
[7]杨烨.华北地台中元古代下马岭组沉积期古海洋环境的地球化学证据[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2013.
[8]谢柳娟,孙永革,杨中威,等.华北张家口地区中元古界下马岭组页岩生烃演化特征及其油气地质意义[J].中国科学:D辑地球科学,2013,43(9):1436-1444.
[9]刘岩,钟宁宁,田永晶,等.中国最老古油藏——中元古界下马岭组沥青砂岩古油藏[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(4):503-512.
[10]郝石生.华北北部中—上元古界石油地质学[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1990:60.
[11] CHEN S,ZHU Y,QIN Y,et al. Reservoir evaluation of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation shale gas in the southern Sichuan Basin of China[J]. Marine&Petroleum Geology,2014,57(2):619-630.
[12]霍多特B B.煤与瓦斯突出[M].宋士钊,王佑,译.北京:中国工业出版社,1966:19-28.
[13]李武广,杨胜来,陈峰,等.温度对页岩吸附解吸的敏感性研究[J].矿物岩石,2012,32(2):115-120.
[14]李延钧,刘欢,刘家霞,等.页岩气地质选区及资源潜力评价方法[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,33(2):28-34.
[15]涂乙,邹海燕,孟海平,等.页岩气评价标准与储层分类[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(1):153-158.
[16]郭旭升,胡东风,文治东,等.四川盆地及周缘下古生界海相页岩气富集高产主控因素——以焦石坝地区五峰组—龙马溪组为例[J].中国地质,2014,41(3):893-901.
[17]张金川,姜生玲,唐玄,等.我国页岩气富集类型及资源特点[J].天然气工业,2009,29(12):109-114.
[18]陈尚斌,朱炎铭,王红岩,等.四川盆地南缘下志留统龙马溪组页岩气储层矿物成分特征及意义[J].石油学报,2011,32(5):775-782.
[19] CHEN S,HAN Y,FU C,et al. Micro and nano-size pores of clay minerals in shale reservoirs:Implication for the accumulation of shale gas[J]. Sedimentary Geology.2016,342:180-190.
[20]邹才能.非常规油气地质[M].北京:地质出版社,2011:285.