兰州市2014年不同季节大气主要污染物与1～5岁儿童呼吸系统疾病住院率的相关性分析
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摘要
目的分析兰州市2014年不同季节大气主要污染物与儿童呼吸系统疾病住院率的相关性,为环境保护和健康教育提供依据。方法在"中国空气质量在线监测平台"收集2014年1—12月兰州市每月大气主要污染物(PM2.5、PM10、SO_2、NO_2和O_3)平均污染水平,并从"甘肃省卫生系统疾控机构进医院信息平台"获得同时段的1~5岁儿童呼吸系统疾病住院率数据。不同季节大气主要污染物的比较采用方差分析,并应用LSD进行两两比较。不同季节污染物水平与国家标准(GB3095-2012)比较采用t检验。用Pearson积矩相关分析大气污染物与住院率的相关性。结果 2014年兰州市大气主要污染物(PM2.5、PM10和SO_2)呈冬春季较高、夏秋季较低的季节特征,儿童呼吸系统疾病住院率季节特点与此类似。2015年兰州市大气污染主要以PM2.5和PM10为主,一年四季大多未达到国家二级标准。不同季节,与儿童呼吸系统疾病住院率相关的主要大气污染物不同。结论 2014年兰州市大气主要污染物与1~5岁儿童呼吸系统疾病住院率呈相似的季节分布特点,不同季节相关的主要大气污染物不同。
OBJECTIVE To explore the correlation of air pollutant and the hospitalization rate of respiratory diseases among childrenaged 1~5 years according to the different seasons in Lanzhou in 2015, and to provide the basis for environmental protection andhealth education. METHODS The data of monthly atmospheric pollutant(PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and O3) in Lanzhou city was col-lected from China's air quality on-line monitoring platform from January to December in 2015, and the hospitalization rate of respira-tory system disease among the children aged 1~5 years was obtained from the information platform of health system from CDC into hos-pital in Gansu province. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the differences of air pollutants in the different seasons,and furthermore LSD was to test the differences between two groups. One simple t test was used to compare the differences betweenair pollutants in the different seasons and the criteria of China(GB3095-2012). The Pearson correlation was used to test the correla-tion of air pollutants with hospitalization rate. RESULTS In 2015, the serious air pollute showed that the concentration of pollutantsreached their climax in winter or spring, and the opposite period in summer is the lowest, and the characteristics of hospitalizationrates of respiratory system disease in 1~5 years old children in the different seasons was similar as the air pollutants. PM2.5 andPM10 were the most important air pollutants which mostly were not up to the national secondary standard. In the different seasons,the serious air pollutants related with hospitalization rates of respiratory system disease were different. CONCLUSION The seasoncharacteristics of serious air pollutants was similar as the hospitalization rates of respiratory system disease in 1~5 years old children,and the serious air pollutants were different in different seasons in Lanzhou city in 2015.
OBJECTIVE To explore the correlation of air pollutant and the hospitalization rate of respiratory diseases among childrenaged 1~5 years according to the different seasons in Lanzhou in 2015, and to provide the basis for environmental protection andhealth education. METHODS The data of monthly atmospheric pollutant(PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and O3) in Lanzhou city was col-lected from China's air quality on-line monitoring platform from January to December in 2015, and the hospitalization rate of respira-tory system disease among the children aged 1~5 years was obtained from the information platform of health system from CDC into hos-pital in Gansu province. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the differences of air pollutants in the different seasons,and furthermore LSD was to test the differences between two groups. One simple t test was used to compare the differences betweenair pollutants in the different seasons and the criteria of China(GB3095-2012). The Pearson correlation was used to test the correla-tion of air pollutants with hospitalization rate. RESULTS In 2015, the serious air pollute showed that the concentration of pollutantsreached their climax in winter or spring, and the opposite period in summer is the lowest, and the characteristics of hospitalizationrates of respiratory system disease in 1~5 years old children in the different seasons was similar as the air pollutants. PM2.5 andPM10 were the most important air pollutants which mostly were not up to the national secondary standard. In the different seasons,the serious air pollutants related with hospitalization rates of respiratory system disease were different. CONCLUSION The seasoncharacteristics of serious air pollutants was similar as the hospitalization rates of respiratory system disease in 1~5 years old children,and the serious air pollutants were different in different seasons in Lanzhou city in 2015.
引文
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[9]郭建斌,陈珏.北京市空气污染季节变化规律研究及污染控制建议[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(3):952-956
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[12]刘新超,郭洁,陈婷,等.儿童呼吸系统疾病与气象要素的关系及其预测[J].高原山地气象研究,2015(1):92-96
[13]伍燕珍,张金良,赵秀阁,等.我国大气污染与儿童呼吸系统疾病和症状的关系[J].环境与健康杂志,2009(6):471-477
[14]朱一丹,魏建荣,黄露,等.不同大气污染程度地区学龄儿童呼吸系统疾病及症状发生的比较[J].北京大学学报(医学版),2015(3):395-399
[15]马关培,邹宝兰,许振成,等.广州市某区医院呼吸系统疾病门诊人数与大气污染关系的时间序列研究[J].环境与健康杂志,2012,29(6):526-528.
[16]吴彧,张衍燊,刘玲,等.郑州市空气污染对每日门诊人次影响的滞后效应和收获效应[J].环境与健康杂志,2011,28(3):233-237.
[17]ALEJANDRA Z,SONIA M,JUAN LUIS A,et al.Association ofacute bronchiolitis with climate factors and environmental contam-ination[J].Rev med chil,2003,131(10):1117-1122.
[18]PENG R D,CHANG H H,BELL M L,et al.Coarse particulatematter air pollution and hospital admissions for cardiovascularand respiratory diseases among medicare patients[J].JAMA,2008,299(18):2172-2179.
[19]孙玉伟,周学华,袁琦,等.济南市秋末冬初大气颗粒物和气体污染物污染水平及来源[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(3):245-252.
[2]卢瑶华,吴志坚,陈亚光.季节变化对小儿呼吸消化系统常见疾病的影响[J].中国现代医生,2008,46(3):39-40
[3]马敏劲,郭士奇,王式功.近11年兰州空气污染特征及其边界层结构影响的分析[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,2012,48(6):69-73.
[4]王希波,马安青,安兴琴.兰州市主要大气污染物浓度季节变化时空特征分析[J].中国环境监测,2007,23(4):61-65
[5]赵敬国,王式功,王嘉媛,等.兰州市空气污染与气象条件关系分析[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2013(4):491-496
[6]李盛,王金玉,王宇红,等.兰州市城关区大气污染对儿童呼吸系统疾病和症状的影响[J].环境与健康杂志,2015,32(1):46-48
[7]李盛,王金玉,李守禹,等.兰州市西固区大气污染对儿童呼吸系统疾病和症状的影响[J].环境与健康杂志,2015,32(9):816-819
[8]高鸿欣,陈海旭,陈兴鹏.兰州环境空气污染特征及治理经验[J].甘肃科技,2015(2):41-45
[9]郭建斌,陈珏.北京市空气污染季节变化规律研究及污染控制建议[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(3):952-956
[10]钱骏,廖瑞雪,邓利群,等.成都市大气中O3污染水平及来源分析[J].四川环境,2011,30(3):20-23
[11]周忠玉,王式功,马玉霞,等.我国心脑血管疾病和呼吸系统疾病的时空分布及其与气象条件的关系[D].北京:第27届中国气象学会年会气候环境变化与人体健康,2010.
[12]刘新超,郭洁,陈婷,等.儿童呼吸系统疾病与气象要素的关系及其预测[J].高原山地气象研究,2015(1):92-96
[13]伍燕珍,张金良,赵秀阁,等.我国大气污染与儿童呼吸系统疾病和症状的关系[J].环境与健康杂志,2009(6):471-477
[14]朱一丹,魏建荣,黄露,等.不同大气污染程度地区学龄儿童呼吸系统疾病及症状发生的比较[J].北京大学学报(医学版),2015(3):395-399
[15]马关培,邹宝兰,许振成,等.广州市某区医院呼吸系统疾病门诊人数与大气污染关系的时间序列研究[J].环境与健康杂志,2012,29(6):526-528.
[16]吴彧,张衍燊,刘玲,等.郑州市空气污染对每日门诊人次影响的滞后效应和收获效应[J].环境与健康杂志,2011,28(3):233-237.
[17]ALEJANDRA Z,SONIA M,JUAN LUIS A,et al.Association ofacute bronchiolitis with climate factors and environmental contam-ination[J].Rev med chil,2003,131(10):1117-1122.
[18]PENG R D,CHANG H H,BELL M L,et al.Coarse particulatematter air pollution and hospital admissions for cardiovascularand respiratory diseases among medicare patients[J].JAMA,2008,299(18):2172-2179.
[19]孙玉伟,周学华,袁琦,等.济南市秋末冬初大气颗粒物和气体污染物污染水平及来源[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(3):245-252.