科尔沁沙丘-草甸梯级生态系统土壤温室气体通量特征及其影响因素
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摘要
采用静态箱-气相色谱法,对科尔沁半干旱地区典型的沙丘-草甸梯级生态系统中半流动沙丘和草甸湿地的温室气体(CO_2、CH_4、N_2O)通量进行了观测,分析了生长季温室气体的动态变化及其与环境影响因子的关系.结果表明:生长季半流动沙丘和草甸湿地CH_4通量均整体表现为吸收,平均值分别为-52.7和-34.7μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1),介于-176.1～49.8μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)之间变化,8月22日半流动沙丘CH_4吸收值达到生长季最大值;8、9月降雨集中时段内草甸湿地CH_4通量表现为持续排放,与半流动沙丘呈明显差异.N_2O通量在7月21日达到生长季最大值,半流动沙丘N_2O通量的月均值表现为7月>8月>9月>6月>5月.土壤温湿度是影响CO_2和CH_4通量的关键因子,N_2O通量主要受土壤温度的影响.样地土壤温度敏感性(Q_(10))表现为半流动沙丘(1.009)<草甸湿地(1.474),半流动沙丘土壤受到水分胁迫,导致其温室气体通量对土壤温度变化的敏感性明显低于草甸湿地.
Using the static chamber-GC technique, greenhouse gas(CO_2, CH_4, N_2O) fluxes of sand dunes and meadow wetlands were measured in a typical sand dune-meadow cascade ecological zone of Horqin. The dynamics of the greenhouse gas fluxes and driving factors were analyzed. The results showed that soil CH_4 flux underwent absorption during the growing season, with average CH_4 fluxes of semi-mobile dunes and meadow wetlands were-52.7 μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1) and-34.7 μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1), respectively, ranging from-176.1 to 49.8 μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1). The peak of CH_4 absorption in the growing season occurred at August 22 nd, 2017. In August and September, the months with heavy rainfall, the CH_4 flux in meadow wetlands showed continuous emission, being significantly different from that in semi-mobile dunes. The peak of N_2O flux during the growing season was at July 21 st. The monthly average N_2O flux in semi-mobile dunes was following the order of July > August > September > June > May. Soil temperature and moisture were the key factors affecting CO_2 and CH_4 fluxes, whereas the N_2O flux was mainly affected by soil temperature. The soil temperature sensitivity(Q_(10)) showed the sequence of semi-mobile dune(1.009) < meadow wetland(1.474). The water stress rendered the greenhouse gas fluxes in semi-mobile dunes being less sensitive to soil temperature change than that in meadow wetlands.
Using the static chamber-GC technique, greenhouse gas(CO_2, CH_4, N_2O) fluxes of sand dunes and meadow wetlands were measured in a typical sand dune-meadow cascade ecological zone of Horqin. The dynamics of the greenhouse gas fluxes and driving factors were analyzed. The results showed that soil CH_4 flux underwent absorption during the growing season, with average CH_4 fluxes of semi-mobile dunes and meadow wetlands were-52.7 μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1) and-34.7 μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1), respectively, ranging from-176.1 to 49.8 μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1). The peak of CH_4 absorption in the growing season occurred at August 22 nd, 2017. In August and September, the months with heavy rainfall, the CH_4 flux in meadow wetlands showed continuous emission, being significantly different from that in semi-mobile dunes. The peak of N_2O flux during the growing season was at July 21 st. The monthly average N_2O flux in semi-mobile dunes was following the order of July > August > September > June > May. Soil temperature and moisture were the key factors affecting CO_2 and CH_4 fluxes, whereas the N_2O flux was mainly affected by soil temperature. The soil temperature sensitivity(Q_(10)) showed the sequence of semi-mobile dune(1.009) < meadow wetland(1.474). The water stress rendered the greenhouse gas fluxes in semi-mobile dunes being less sensitive to soil temperature change than that in meadow wetlands.
引文
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[38] Fu M-J (傅民杰),Wang C-K (王传宽),Wang Y (王颖),et al.Effects of climate warming on the N2O emission from Larix gmelinii forest soils at different latitudes during soil thawing periods.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2009,20(7):1635-1642 (in Chinese)
[39] Zhang X-J (张秀君),Jiang P-W (江丕文).Advance in the research of N2O emission from plants.Journal of Shenyang University (沈阳大学学报),2006,8(1):119-121 (in Chinese)
[2] Schulze ED,Luyssaert S,Ciais P,et al.Importance of methane and nitrous oxide for Europe’s terrestrial greenhouse-gas balance.Nature Geoscience,2009,3:65,doi:org/10.1038/ngeo741
[3] Mcavaney B,Covey C,Joussaume S,et al.Climate change 2001:The scientific basis.Netherlands Journal of Geosciences,2001,87:97-199
[4] Montzka SA,Dlugokencky EJ,Butler JH.Non-CO2 greenhouse gases and climate change.Nature,2011,476:43-50
[5] Yan J,Zhang W,Wang K,et al.Responses of CO2,N2O and CH4 fluxes between atmosphere and forest soil to changes in multiple environmental conditions.Global Change Biology,2013,20:300-312
[6] Fang C,Moncrieff JB.The dependence of soil CO2 efflux on temperature.Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2001,33:155-165
[7] Davidson EA,Belk E,Boone RD.Soil water content and temperature as independent or confounded factors controlling soil respiration in a temperate mixed hardwood forest.Global Change Biology,2010,4:217-227
[8] Falloon P,Jones CD,Ades M,et al.Direct soil moisture controls of future global soil carbon changes:An important source of uncertainty.Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2011,25
[9] D?rr H,Münnich KO.Annual variation in soil respiration in selected areas of the temperate zone.Tellus Series B:Chemical & Physical Meteorology,1987,39B:114-121
[10] Raich JW,Schlesinger WH.The global carbon dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate.Tellus Series B:Chemical & Physical Meteo-rology,1992,44:81-99
[11] Belnap J.The potential roles of biological soil crusts in dryland hydrologic cycles.Hydrological Processes,2010,20:3159-3178
[12] Zhang Y (张悦),Mu C-C (牟长城),Liu H (刘辉),et al.Effects of light-felling on non-growing season greenhouse gas emission from soils in Korean pine forests in Maoer Mountains.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2018,29(7):2183-2194 (in Chinese)
[13] Ma X-Z (马秀枝),Zhang Q-L (张秋良),Li C-S (李长生),et al.Temporal variation of soil greenhouse gases fluxes in a cold temperate Larix gmelinii forest in Inner Mongolia.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2012,23(8):2149-2156 (in Chinese)
[14] Jones SK,Rees RM,Skiba UM,et al.Greenhouse gas emissions from a managed grassland.Global & Planetary Change,2005,47:201-211
[15] Hu A-Y (胡安永),Sun X (孙星),Liu Q (刘勤).Effects of different rotation systems on greenhouse gas (CH4 and N2O) emissions in the Taihu Lake region.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2016,27(1):99-106 (in Chinese)
[16] Hirota M,Tang Y,Hu Q,et al.Methane emissions from different vegetation zones in a Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland.Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2004,36:737-748
[17] Hou LY,Wang ZP,Wang JM,et al.Growing season in situ uptake of atmospheric methane by desert soils in a semiarid region of northern China.Geoderma,2012,189/190:415-422
[18] Huang L,Zhang Z,Li X.Soil CO2,concentration in biological soil crusts and its driving factors in a revegetated area of the Tengger Desert,Northern China.Environmental Earth Sciences,2014,72:767-777
[19] Zhang R-T (张荣涛),Sui X (隋心),Xu N (许楠),et al.Responses of greenhouse gas emission to simulated nitrogen deposition in Calamagrostis angustifolia wetlands of Sanjiang Plain.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2016,29(10):3191-3198 (in Chinese)
[20] Wang Y,Chen H,Zhu Q,et al.Soil methane uptake by grasslands and forests in China.Soil Biology & Biochemi-stry,2014,74:70-81
[21] Wang ZW,Hao XY,Shan D,et al.Influence of increasing temperature and nitrogen input on greenhouse gas emissions from a desert steppe soil in Inner Mongolia.Soil Science & Plant Nutrition,2011,57:508-518
[22] Zhuang Q,Chen M,Xu K,et al.Response of global soil consumption of atmospheric methane to changes in atmospheric climate and nitrogen deposition.Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2013,27:650-663
[23] Kucera CL,Kirkham DR.Soil respiration studies in tallgrass prairie in Missouri.Ecology,1971,52:912-915
[24] Or D,Smets BF,Wraith JM,et al.Physical constraints affecting bacterial habitats and activity in unsaturated porous media:A review.Advances in Water Resources,2007,30:1505-1527
[25] Carvalho JLN,Raucci GS,Fraz?o LA,et al.Crop-pasture rotation:A strategy to reduce soil greenhouse gas emissions in the Brazilian Cerrado.Agriculture,Ecosystems & Environment,2014,183:167-175
[26] Manzoni S,Schimel JP,Porporato A.Responses of soil microbial communities to water stress:Results from a meta-analysis.Ecology,2012,93:930-938
[27] Chen GC,Tam NFY,Ye Y.Summer fluxes of atmospheric greenhouse gases N2O,CH4 and CO2 from mangrove soil in South China.Science of the Total Environment,2010,408:2761-2767
[28] Hao Y,Wang Y,Mei X,et al.CO2,H2O and energy exchange of an Inner Mongolia steppe ecosystem during a dry and wet year.Acta Oecologica,2008,33:133-143
[29] Hu L,Qiu J,Wang L.Characterization of farmland soil respiration and modeling analysis of contribution of root respiration.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2008,24:14-20
[30] Xie L-Y (谢立勇),Ye D-D (叶丹丹),Zhang H (张贺),et al.Review of influence factors on greenhouse gases emission from upland soils and relevant adjustment practices.Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology (中国农业气象),2011,32(4):481-487 (in Chinese)
[31] Maier CA,Kress LW.Soil CO2 evolution and root respiration in 11 year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations as affected by moisture and nutrient availability.Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2000,30:307-312
[32] Lyu J-H (吕锦慧),Wu J (武均),Zhang J (张军),et al.Characteristics and influencing factors of soil CH4 and CO2 emissions under different tillage measures.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment (干旱区资源与环境),2018,32(12):26-33 (in Chinese)
[33] Dilkes NB,Jones DL,Farrar J.Temporal dynamics of carbon partitioning and rhizodeposition in wheat.Plant Physiology,2004,134:706-715
[34] Zhou X-B (周晓兵),Zhang Y-M (张元明),Tao Y (陶冶),et al.Effluxes of nitrous oxide,methane and carbon dioxide and their responses to increasing nitrogen deposition in the Gurbantünggüt Desert of Xinjiang,China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报),2017,41(3):290-300 (in Chinese)
[35] Guan C (管超),Zhang P (张鹏),Li X-R (李新荣).Responses of soil respiration with biocrust cover to water and temperature in the southeastern edge of Tengger Desert,Northwest China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报),2017,41(3):301-310 (in Chinese)
[36] Du R (杜睿),Chen G-X (陈冠雄),Lyu D-R (吕达仁),et al.The primary research on in situ measurements of N2O and CH4 fluxes from the Inner Mongolia grassland ecosystem.Climatic and Environmental Research (气候与环境研究),1997,2(3):264-272 (in Chinese)
[37] Stewart KJ,Brummell ME,Farrell RE,et al.N2O flux from plant-soil systems in polar deserts switch between sources and sinks under different light conditions.Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2012,48:69-77
[38] Fu M-J (傅民杰),Wang C-K (王传宽),Wang Y (王颖),et al.Effects of climate warming on the N2O emission from Larix gmelinii forest soils at different latitudes during soil thawing periods.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2009,20(7):1635-1642 (in Chinese)
[39] Zhang X-J (张秀君),Jiang P-W (江丕文).Advance in the research of N2O emission from plants.Journal of Shenyang University (沈阳大学学报),2006,8(1):119-121 (in Chinese)