丝兰提取物对三角鲂摄食、生长、饲料利用及废物排放的影响
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摘要
在室外养殖桶中进行8周饲养实验以评估丝兰提取物对三角鲂(Megalobrama terminalis)摄食、生长、饲料利用、鱼体组成及废物排放的影响。在三角鲂基础饲料中分别添加0%(Y0)、0.05%(Y1)、0.15%(Y2)、0.25%(Y3)、0.35%(Y4)和0.45%(Y5)的丝兰提取物,每天饱食投喂实验鱼(16.0±0.8)g两次。研究结果显示,随着丝兰提取物添加水平的增加,实验鱼的终末体重、增重率和特定生长率呈先上升后下降趋势。与对照组Y0相比,实验组Y3具有最高的终末体重、增重率、特定生长率、饲料氮储积效率,最低的饲料系数和磷废物排放量(P<0.05)。实验组Y2的FI显著高于对照组Y0(P<0.05),而各实验组与对照组Y0之间的饲料磷储积效率、肥满度、肝体指数、鱼体组成(水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、灰分、磷和氨基酸)均无显著差异(P>0.05)。研究表明,在三角鲂饲料中添加0.25%的丝兰提取物可显著提高三角鲂的生长和饲料利用效率,并降低养殖废物排放。
An eight-week feeding trial was conducted to examine the effect of dietary Yucca schidigeraextract on feed intake, growth, body composition and wastes output of juvenile Megalobrama termina-lis. Six formula feeds contained Yucca schidigera extract at levels of 0(Y0), 0.05%(Y1), 0.15%(Y2),0.25%(Y3), 0.35%(Y4), and 0.45%(Y5) were designed. Fish initial body weight of(16.0±0.8) g werefed to satiation twice every day. The results showed that the final body weight, weight gain rate, specif-ic growth rate were increased with increasing dietary Yucca schidigera extract levels. Fish fed diet Y3 exhibited highest final body weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate and nitrogen retention effi-ciency, but lowest feed conversion ratio and phosphorus wastes output(P<0.05). The feed intake in fishfed diets Y2 was significant higher than that in fish fed diet Y0(P<0.05). No significant differenceswere found in phosphorus retention efficiency, condition factor, hepatosomatic index, whole body com-position(moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, ash, phosphorus and amino acid) between fish fed diet Y0 and fish fed diets Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4 or Y5(P>0.05). Results of the present study suggest thatfeeding diet with 0.25% Yucca schidigera ex-tract can improve growth performance and feedutilization efficiency, but reduce wastes outputfor juvenile Triangular bream farming.
An eight-week feeding trial was conducted to examine the effect of dietary Yucca schidigeraextract on feed intake, growth, body composition and wastes output of juvenile Megalobrama termina-lis. Six formula feeds contained Yucca schidigera extract at levels of 0(Y0), 0.05%(Y1), 0.15%(Y2),0.25%(Y3), 0.35%(Y4), and 0.45%(Y5) were designed. Fish initial body weight of(16.0±0.8) g werefed to satiation twice every day. The results showed that the final body weight, weight gain rate, specif-ic growth rate were increased with increasing dietary Yucca schidigera extract levels. Fish fed diet Y3 exhibited highest final body weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate and nitrogen retention effi-ciency, but lowest feed conversion ratio and phosphorus wastes output(P<0.05). The feed intake in fishfed diets Y2 was significant higher than that in fish fed diet Y0(P<0.05). No significant differenceswere found in phosphorus retention efficiency, condition factor, hepatosomatic index, whole body com-position(moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, ash, phosphorus and amino acid) between fish fed diet Y0 and fish fed diets Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4 or Y5(P>0.05). Results of the present study suggest thatfeeding diet with 0.25% Yucca schidigera ex-tract can improve growth performance and feedutilization efficiency, but reduce wastes outputfor juvenile Triangular bream farming.
引文
[1]Santacruz-Reyes R A,Chien Y H.Efficacy of Yucca schidigera extract for ammonia reduction in freshwater:effectiveness analysis and empirical modeling approach[J].Aquaculture,2009,297:106-111.
[2]Alfaro D M,Silva A V F,Borges S A,et al.Use of yucca schidigera extract in broiler diets and its effects on performance results obtained with different coccidiosis control methods[J].Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2007,16(2):248-254.
[3]梁国旗,王旭平,王现盟,等.樟科、丝兰属植物提取物对仔猪排泄物中氨和硫化氢散发的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2009,45(13):22-26.
[4]周霞.四种植物提取物对肉鸡氨气散发、生长性能和生化指标的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2012.
[5]Johnston N L,Quarles C L,Fagerberg D J.Boriler performance with dss40 yucca saponinin combination with monensin[J].Poultry Science,1982,61:1052-1054.
[6]丁永敏,杨在宾,杨维仁,等.不同水平丝兰提取物对肉鸡生产性能和血液生化指标影响的研究[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,42(1):70-74.
[7]Cheeke P R,Otero R.Yucca,Quillaja may have role in animal nutrition[J].Feedstuffs,2005,77(3):11-14.
[8]孙登生,史彬林,金晓,等,丝兰提取物在家畜有害气体减排及健康养殖方面的应用[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(3):896-901.
[9]Gaber M M.The effects of plant-protein-based diets supplemented with yucca on growth,digestibility,and chemical composition of Nile Tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus,L)fingerlings[J].Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,2006,37(1):74-81.
[10]Njagi G W,Lee S,Won S,et al.Effects of dietary Yucca meal on growth,haematology,non-specific immune responses and disease resistance of juvenile Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus(Linnaeus,1758)[J].Aquaculture Research,2017,48:4399-4408.
[11]Santacruz-Reyes R A,Chien Y H.The potential of Yucca schidigera extract to reduce the ammonia pollution from shrimp farming[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,113:311-314.
[12]缪凌鸿,戈贤平,刘波,等.三角鲂和长春鳊肌肉营养成分分析与品质评价[J].动物学杂志,2013,48(1):87-94.
[13]Yang M,Wang J,Han T,et al.Dietary protein requirement of juvenile triangular bream Megalobrama terminalis(Richardson,1846)[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2017,33:971-977.
[14]马恒甲,刘新轶,冯晓宇,等.不同蛋白质、脂肪水平对三角鲂生长性能及体成分的影响[J].饲料工业,2014,35(14):19-25.
[15]陆清儿,刘新秩,王宇希,等.壳聚糖及其复合物对三角鲂生长及鱼体成分的影响[J].淡水渔业,2008,38(1):70-73.
[16]AOAC(Association of Official Analytical Chemists).Official Methods of Analysis[M].16th edition.Arlington,Virgini:AOAC,1995.
[17]Kelly A M,Kohle C C.Effects of Yucca shidigera extract on growth,nitrogen retention,ammonia excretion,and toxicity in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus and hybrid tilapia Oreochromis rnossambicus×O.niloticus[J].Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,2010,34(2):156-161.
[18]El-Saidy,Gaber M M A.Use of cottonseed meal supplemented with iron for detoxication of gossypol as a total replacement of fishmeal in Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus(L.)diets[J].Aquaculture Research,2004,34(13):1119-1127.
[19]王际英,李培玉,宋志东,等.饲料中添加丝兰提取物对大菱鲆幼鱼生长和生理及水环境的影响[J].水生生物学报,2014,38(6):1117-1126.
[20]Bureau D P,Hua K.Towards effective nutritional management of waste outputs in aquaculture,with particular reference to salmonid aquaculture operations[J].Aquaculture Research,2010,41:777-792.
[21]Wu Y,Han H,Qin J,et al.Effect of feeding frequency on growth,feed utilization,body composition and wastes output of juvenile golden pompano(Trachinotus ovatus)reared in net pens[J].Aquaculture Research,2015,46:1436-1443.
[22]Tidwell J H,Webster C D,Clark J A,et al.Effects of Yucca shidigera extract on water quality and fish growth in recirculatingwater aquaculture systems[J].The Progressive Fish-Culturist,1992,54:196-201.
[23]Santacruz-Reyes R A,Chien Y H.Ammonia reduction in seawater by Yucca schidigera extract:efficacy analysis and empirical modeling[J].Aquaculture Research,2010,41:1221-1228.
[24]Santacruz-Reyes R A,Chien Y H.Yucca schidigera extract-a bioresource for the reduction of ammonia from mariculture[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101:5652-5657.
[2]Alfaro D M,Silva A V F,Borges S A,et al.Use of yucca schidigera extract in broiler diets and its effects on performance results obtained with different coccidiosis control methods[J].Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2007,16(2):248-254.
[3]梁国旗,王旭平,王现盟,等.樟科、丝兰属植物提取物对仔猪排泄物中氨和硫化氢散发的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2009,45(13):22-26.
[4]周霞.四种植物提取物对肉鸡氨气散发、生长性能和生化指标的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2012.
[5]Johnston N L,Quarles C L,Fagerberg D J.Boriler performance with dss40 yucca saponinin combination with monensin[J].Poultry Science,1982,61:1052-1054.
[6]丁永敏,杨在宾,杨维仁,等.不同水平丝兰提取物对肉鸡生产性能和血液生化指标影响的研究[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,42(1):70-74.
[7]Cheeke P R,Otero R.Yucca,Quillaja may have role in animal nutrition[J].Feedstuffs,2005,77(3):11-14.
[8]孙登生,史彬林,金晓,等,丝兰提取物在家畜有害气体减排及健康养殖方面的应用[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(3):896-901.
[9]Gaber M M.The effects of plant-protein-based diets supplemented with yucca on growth,digestibility,and chemical composition of Nile Tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus,L)fingerlings[J].Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,2006,37(1):74-81.
[10]Njagi G W,Lee S,Won S,et al.Effects of dietary Yucca meal on growth,haematology,non-specific immune responses and disease resistance of juvenile Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus(Linnaeus,1758)[J].Aquaculture Research,2017,48:4399-4408.
[11]Santacruz-Reyes R A,Chien Y H.The potential of Yucca schidigera extract to reduce the ammonia pollution from shrimp farming[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,113:311-314.
[12]缪凌鸿,戈贤平,刘波,等.三角鲂和长春鳊肌肉营养成分分析与品质评价[J].动物学杂志,2013,48(1):87-94.
[13]Yang M,Wang J,Han T,et al.Dietary protein requirement of juvenile triangular bream Megalobrama terminalis(Richardson,1846)[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2017,33:971-977.
[14]马恒甲,刘新轶,冯晓宇,等.不同蛋白质、脂肪水平对三角鲂生长性能及体成分的影响[J].饲料工业,2014,35(14):19-25.
[15]陆清儿,刘新秩,王宇希,等.壳聚糖及其复合物对三角鲂生长及鱼体成分的影响[J].淡水渔业,2008,38(1):70-73.
[16]AOAC(Association of Official Analytical Chemists).Official Methods of Analysis[M].16th edition.Arlington,Virgini:AOAC,1995.
[17]Kelly A M,Kohle C C.Effects of Yucca shidigera extract on growth,nitrogen retention,ammonia excretion,and toxicity in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus and hybrid tilapia Oreochromis rnossambicus×O.niloticus[J].Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,2010,34(2):156-161.
[18]El-Saidy,Gaber M M A.Use of cottonseed meal supplemented with iron for detoxication of gossypol as a total replacement of fishmeal in Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus(L.)diets[J].Aquaculture Research,2004,34(13):1119-1127.
[19]王际英,李培玉,宋志东,等.饲料中添加丝兰提取物对大菱鲆幼鱼生长和生理及水环境的影响[J].水生生物学报,2014,38(6):1117-1126.
[20]Bureau D P,Hua K.Towards effective nutritional management of waste outputs in aquaculture,with particular reference to salmonid aquaculture operations[J].Aquaculture Research,2010,41:777-792.
[21]Wu Y,Han H,Qin J,et al.Effect of feeding frequency on growth,feed utilization,body composition and wastes output of juvenile golden pompano(Trachinotus ovatus)reared in net pens[J].Aquaculture Research,2015,46:1436-1443.
[22]Tidwell J H,Webster C D,Clark J A,et al.Effects of Yucca shidigera extract on water quality and fish growth in recirculatingwater aquaculture systems[J].The Progressive Fish-Culturist,1992,54:196-201.
[23]Santacruz-Reyes R A,Chien Y H.Ammonia reduction in seawater by Yucca schidigera extract:efficacy analysis and empirical modeling[J].Aquaculture Research,2010,41:1221-1228.
[24]Santacruz-Reyes R A,Chien Y H.Yucca schidigera extract-a bioresource for the reduction of ammonia from mariculture[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101:5652-5657.